The article considers the problem of sustainable reproduction of the material and technical base of agricultural production, which, in conditions of macroeconomic instability and limited investment resources, is of primary importance in ensuring competitiveness and sustainable development of the industry. It is noted that traditional approaches to assessing the condition of the machine and tractor fleet, based on separate accounting of security, input and output, degree of wear and digitalization, do not allow forming a complete picture and substantiating management decisions. In order to overcome this methodological problem, an integral reproduction index has been proposed, which makes it possible to synthesize indicators of equipment availability, renovation intensity, fleet structure by age and degree of wear, as well as the level of digital equipment. The methodology has been tested on the data of agricultural organizations of the Krasnodar Territory for 2022-2024, making it possible to identify the dynamics of the main components and identify the limiting factors preventing the achievement of a sustainable level of reproduction. The results of the study showed that the current state of the machine and tractor fleet in most cases remains below the threshold level of stability, and a simple increase in the level of renewal is not enough to achieve the target parameters. It has been established that the limiting links are the age structure and the low level of digitalization, while security is gradually improving. The necessity of a comprehensive recovery strategy is substantiated, including targeted renewal of the fleet of equipment, elimination of shortages in the types of machinery in demand, as well as targeted increase in digitalization. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the proposed methodology as a monitoring tool and management indicator for agricultural organizations and agribusiness management bodies, which ensures comparability of data, allows for an objective ranking of investment priorities and the formation of effective government support measures.
The article presents the results of the development and testing of an organizational and economic mechanism for adaptive planning of rapeseed production. The mechanism, based on the integration of agro-ecological analysis, the regulatory framework of technological operations and economic and mathematical modeling, is a seven-module system. This system provides a consistent solution to management tasks: from data collection and agroecological diagnostics to the formation of technological scenarios, economic calculation and operational monitoring. The approbation was carried out in 2025 at an agricultural enterprise in the Novosibirsk region on an area of 500 hectares. The results showed that the use of the mechanism allowed to increase the yield of spring rapeseed by 44.8% - from 1.45 to 2.10 t/ha, and the level of profitability of production - by 11.8 percentage points (from 18.0 to 29.8%). The additional profit amounted to 18.5 thousand rubles/ha, the total economic effect was 9.24 million rubles. on the analyzed area. Thus, the developed mechanism ensures the transition from static regulatory planning to dynamic management based on the analysis of current agro-climatic and economic conditions. This helps to increase the financial stability of the enterprise by reducing uncertainty and optimizing solutions. The approach is scalable and can be adapted to other crops and regions.
The relatively low level of economic efficiency of a significant number of entities in the agro-industrial complex makes it relevant to study the causes of this phenomenon with an emphasis on the objectivity or subjectivity of the conditions for achieving the corresponding efficiency. The purpose of the work is to clarify the issue of objectivity of the relatively low level of economic efficiency of domestic AIC organizations with an emphasis on assessing the individual level of their management. The work uses a method of comparing the average statistical indicators of a sample of AIC entities with individual representatives of the sector with the identification of the causes of deviations. The sample size was more than 110 entities included in the structures of the country's leading agricultural holdings. The key indicators for the analysis and comparison of the level of economic efficiency of AIC organizations were return on assets and equity. The average values of the studied indicators for the period 2009-2024 for the sample of AIC organizations were: return on equity - 18.65%, return on assets by profit before tax - 7.44%. For the agroholding Gelio-Pax, the average return on assets over the past 16 years is 32.47%, and return on equity is 49.55%. For the sample of agroholdings over the past 16 years, the average annual growth rate of assets was 14.57%, and equity capital was 16.48%. Over the same period, the average annual growth rate of Gelio-Pax assets was 12.62%, and equity capital was 13.40%. The results of the study added additional arguments and justifications for the subjectivity of judgments about the existence of a limit to the economic efficiency of domestic agro-industrial complex organizations. Such entities, as practice has shown, may well have a relatively high level of corresponding efficiency, which confirms the absence of objective limits to its growth. The studied entities objectively have the potential for economic efficiency growth from the levels of actual statistics. The low level of return on assets and equity capital is, to a certain extent, a subjective problem for a significant number of agro-industrial complex entities. Based on the example of individual agroholdings, it can be concluded that in the agro-industrial complex, the key to a high level of economic efficiency is: large-scale commodity production, the introduction of modern smart agriculture technologies, targeting the return on assets and equity by optimizing their structure in order to eliminate redundancy, and a high level of management. Having almost identical operating conditions, domestic agro-industrial complex organizations, where a high level of management can be stated according to indirect criteria, achieve the corresponding results of economic efficiency. We propose to translate such a qualitative phenomenon as a high level of management in a particular entity of the agro-industrial complex into a quantitative assessment, stating such under the condition that the return on assets in the corresponding organization exceeds 20%, and the return on equity exceeds 30%. Increasing the level of management in an organization is a factor in the growth of the economic efficiency of the domestic agro-industrial complex.
The article presents the theoretical basis for the study of social risks in agriculture, integrating the approaches of new institutionalism and risk management (in terms of regulation) with the perspectives of the theory of social risk construction and sustainable development (in terms of impact analysis), which allowed to define social risks in agriculture, reveal their features and types, and systematize approaches to analysis of social risks in agriculture. The article highlights the role and importance of various methods and tools used by the state in reducing and minimizing social risks in agriculture, and also presents a diagram of the process of managing social risks in agriculture from the perspective of state regulation. A methodology for an integrated approach to the analysis of social risks in agriculture has been developed, including an algorithm and tools for assessing both the risks themselves and the effectiveness of government management methods. In order to obtain reliable research results on social risks in agriculture, it is necessary to clearly identify the specific type of risk and its manifestations in this industry. The proposed methodological toolkit, based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, allows for a comprehensive analysis. However, only taking into account the specifics of the impact of the chosen social risk on agriculture and the life of the rural population, the data obtained can be adequately interpreted. The results of the study can be used to develop effective strategies and mechanisms for managing social risks in agriculture, contributing to improving the social sustainability of rural areas, as well as in further research.
The existing technical and technological equipment, the specifics of the use of financial and labor resources determine the investment needs. But these same factors limit the effectiveness of using investments. If fixed assets are unable to generate a final product effectively, it will negatively affect the financial position and competitiveness of agricultural producers. A decrease in the volume of investment support for operating activities leads to stagnation of the agricultural business. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to substantiate the rational level of investment support for the regional agricultural sector in the current economic situation of industrial enterprises. In the article the analysis of the financial condition of agricultural producers was carried out and revealed a higher value of financial leverage, which was calculated using long-term loan capital, for farms compared with agricultural organizations: 0.49 and 0.22, respectively. Economic and mathematical models have been constructed that reflect the dependence of the investment coefficient on such parameters as assets, sales revenue, fixed assets, and borrowed capital and allow us to assess the impact of these factors on investment security. At the next stage of the study, a multiplicative effect in the reproduction of fixed assets was identified, which is manifested through the influence of the initial growth of investments in the form of equity on the increase in the volume of fixed assets used. Empirical results show that investment provision is determined by a multiplicative relationship: with an increase of 1 ruble in financial investments from own resources, fixed assets will increase by an average of 1.31 rubles in agricultural organizations and 1.18 rubles in farms. This trend determines the expediency of increasing the technical and technological equipment of production.
Agro export is a strategically important area of development for many regions of the Russian economy, given the growing role of agriculture and Russia's leading position in the global market of cereals, oilseeds, fish and meat. Studying the experience of domestic and foreign scientists provides a multifaceted understanding of the factors affecting the country's export potential and creates the basis for the formation of an effective foreign economic policy. However, this sector faces a number of challenges, including infrastructural constraints, regional specifics, dependence on a narrow range of importing countries, difficulties with product certification, and climate risks. The key objectives remain to increase competitiveness, develop processing, and introduce innovative technologies. The analysis of the dynamics of exports of Russian agro-industrial products for 2019-2024 has been carried out, which has made it possible to identify the main export products and key markets by year. Based on the identified trends, a forecast of exports of agro-industrial products has been developed for four main categories of exported products: cereals, fat and oil products, fish and seafood, as well as meat products. The authors identified problems and promising areas for the development of exports of Russian agro-industrial products, revealed systemic problems and recommendations for the development of Russian exports. The article examines the existing barriers, government support mechanisms, and prospects for market diversification. Strategies for overcoming challenges and increasing the export potential of Russian regions in the context of global competition are discussed. The main problems of agricultural exports include low labor productivity, lack of technology, weak product competitiveness, insufficient transportation infrastructure, complex regulation, limited access to finance, and insufficient awareness of business about export opportunities.
This article presents a comprehensive analysis of hybrid financing models for agrotourism in Russia, focusing on Krasnodar Krai and the Republic of Crimea, to evaluate the effectiveness of government programs and private investments. The study is based on empirical data from 2020–2023, including key indicators such as profitability, payback periods, job creation, and tourist flow dynamics. The methodological framework incorporates multivariate regression analysis, expert interviews, and a review of regulatory frameworks, ensuring a holistic approach that accounts for institutional and external factors, including sanctions and climate risks. The results demonstrate that integrating government grants, subsidies, and public-private partnerships (PPPs) with private investments significantly enhances both economic and social returns. In Krasnodar Krai, this approach achieves a profitability rate of 20.1% with a 38% share of private investments, alongside the creation of 34.7 jobs per project and a 29% increase in tourist flows. However, significant regional disparities were identified: in Crimea, project approval processes take up to 68 days due to administrative barriers and sanctions, reducing overall efficiency and hindering sectoral development. The study emphasizes the need for digitalization in financial monitoring and management, as well as optimization of regulatory and administrative frameworks to increase private investment shares to 22–25% by 2028. The practical significance of this research lies in its policy and business recommendations, which aim to enhance investment attractiveness and sustainable development of agrotourism in Russia. These findings contribute to institutional economics theory and the discourse on sustainable rural development amid global instability.
Working capital plays a key role in ensuring the sustainable development of the business entities of the agro-industrial complex. The definition of a rational volume and structure of working capital for business entities in the agricultural sector of the economy is becoming particularly relevant, since it is in agricultural entrepreneurship that working capital goes through all stages of the production and commercial cycle and is characterized by the length of the circulation period. The lack of working capital leads to disruption of the production and commercial cycle, loss of liquidity and low profit, and the surplus leads to unjustifiably excessive amounts of financing. Based on this, there is a need to review existing approaches to managing the working capital of agricultural formations in order to increase the efficiency of their activities. This article is devoted to the study of factors affecting the economic efficiency of the use of working capital by agricultural enterprises, as well as the identification of key areas for improving the management of this resource. The empirical base of the study includes a sample of 610 agricultural organizations in the Krasnodar Territory, among which special attention is paid to a group of 384 organizations applying a single agricultural tax. The authors calculated the main economic indicators of the efficiency of working capital use in agricultural formations for the period from 2020 to 2024 inclusive, with special attention paid to assessing the profitability of working capital, The dependence of the conditions of resource supply and the efficiency of working capital, the volumes of release and additional involvement of financial resources in the formation of this resource was revealed.
The indicator of "profitability" is one of the main characteristics of the activities of agricultural producers. The article analyzes the change in the profitability of agricultural producers by type of activity, depending on the subsidies received, specialization of production, expenses, taxes. It is shown that an increase in industrial processing of agricultural products at agricultural enterprises by 0.06% in revenue leads to an increase in profitability by 0.26 percentage points, which confirms the need to integrate agricultural production and processing of products in the activities of an agricultural organization. For paying organizations, the Unified Agricultural System obtained a relationship between profitability and the value of the Unified Agricultural System, which showed that a 1% increase in profitability increases tax charges by 3.246 billion rubles.
Sheep and goat breeding are sectors of the national economy that have a pronounced social and public significance. Sheep and goat breeding is an important, and in some cases the only source of such products as wool, lamb, milk, fur, the economic and social significance of which is not the same and is determined by the needs of the national economy, the possibility of production, the economic efficiency of the industry, its ability to use the natural and material and technical resources available in the country. Sheep and goat breeding remain important sources of animal protein and valuable raw materials, playing a key role in providing the population with high-quality food products and supporting the economy of regions, especially in areas with limited opportunities for other types of agricultural activity. Moreover, the development of these industries has significant export potential, allowing to increase foreign exchange earnings to the country and strengthen its position in the world market. Rational use of pasture resources, optimization of state support and adaptation to changing climatic conditions are also inextricably linked with the need for a deep and comprehensive analysis of the population of sheep and goats. Economic and political crises throughout the development of Russia have led to a significant reduction in sheep and goat breeding in the country, which has led to a reduction in the volume of production of commercial products and an increase in the cost of its production on small farms, which has led to a deterioration in the overall economic condition of the industry engaged in breeding sheep and goats. The study and assessment of the state of the livestock of sheep and goats is a multifaceted problem, the successful solution of which contributes to the stable growth of the industry, strengthening the food independence of the state, maintaining the viability of rural areas and effective adaptation to current economic, environmental and climatic realities, which makes this area of research especially important both in theoretical and practical terms.