The article examines the impact of digitalization processes on the resilience and structural efficiency of Russia’s grain subcomplex in 2015–2024. It is shown that the introduction of digital platforms, monitoring technologies, and data analytics contributes to increased productivity and production efficiency, reduced losses in storage and logistics, and strengthened food security of the country. Digital solutions (precision farming systems, agro-information platforms, supply chain traceability tools, etc.) improve the grain sector’s resilience to climate and market risks by optimizing resource use and reducing costs. At the same time, institutional constraints to digital transformation were identified – insufficient funding and technological base, shortage of qualified personnel, fragmentation of information systems, etc., which slow down the widespread adoption of innovations in agriculture. Considering these barriers, directions for improving state policy in agricultural digitalization are proposed: expanding state support for implementing advanced technologies, developing data infrastructure, training personnel, and stimulating technological sovereignty. Implementing these measures will accelerate the digital transformation of the grain subcomplex, serving as an important factor in ensuring Russia’s long-term food security. Thus, digital transformation of the agricultural sector is not just a fad, but a strategic necessity for achieving economic development and food independence for the state. The results of the study can be used to ensure the management of the agro-industrial complex when adjusting agricultural digitalization programs, as well as by agricultural producers themselves when realizing the economic impact of technological development or other technologies. Subsequent research aims to develop a methodology for quantitatively assessing the contribution of digital technologies to food security and monitoring the effectiveness of government support measures implemented in the industry.
The article addresses a topical and practically significant issue of introducing robotic agricultural machinery in Russia in the context of the digital transformation of the agro-industrial sector. The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of international experience and the current state of the domestic agricultural robotics market, examining the technological, economic, and social aspects of the application of robotic systems. Particular value is given to the comparison of Russian conditions with global trends, as well as to the use of statistical data and forecast estimates of the development of the smart agriculture market. The study substantiates the key barriers to the adoption of agricultural robots, including the high capital intensity of technologies, the insufficient development of service infrastructure, and the shortage of qualified personnel. Special attention is paid to the need for comprehensive state support, standardisation, and specialist training to ensure a sustainable effect of robotisation. The material is presented in a logical and coherent manner; the conclusions are well-grounded and supported by analytical data. The paper demonstrates scientific novelty and practical relevance, can be recommended for publication, and is of interest to specialists in the fields of digitalisation of the agro-industrial complex, agroengineering, and innovation management.
In the course of the assessment of import dependence in the agro-industrial complex, it was concluded that the currently implemented import substitution model does not meet modern economic conditions; it is predominantly unsystematic, is implemented based on the principle of adaptation to the impact of external shocks (technological, political, market conditions) and is based on medium- and short-term industry programs. The following were identified as the main factors hindering the intensification of high-tech import substitution processes in the agro-industrial complex: insufficient effectiveness of government support measures for the agro-industrial complex; A shift in imports to the East, accompanied by persistent deindustrialization trends in the agro-industrial economy; inertia in the integration of small and medium-sized agribusinesses into national and international value chains, as well as poorly established interactions between the most competitive agro-industrial clusters; insufficient institutional support for import substitution processes across agro-industrial sectors, coupled with information asymmetry in individual markets. The theoretical import substitution models examined, the application of which in developing countries has proven highly effective, allow us to conclude that it is necessary to implement the Concept of Import-Substituting Industrialization in Russia within the framework of a mixed model, which should be based on: a technological benchmark for the development of agro-industrial enterprises, ensuring access to the best technologies applied within Industry 4.0; the development of international scientific, technical, and technological cooperation; structural changes in the system of reproductive relations; and the expansion of state support for agro-industrial enterprises. The provisions of the Concept presented in this article are developed and specified within the framework of the developed roadmap for import substitution in the Russian agro-industrial complex.
Technological leadership is currently considered a key factor determining the sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex (AIC). This article explores theoretical approaches to technological leadership and sustainable development in the context of agricultural production transformation, and presents critical and cross-cutting technologies in the AIC. The article analyzes the main barriers to technological modernization, the components of technological leadership in the AIC, and the opportunities and needs. Traditional models of AIC development face limitations associated with the inefficient use of resources, dependence on external factors, and insufficiently optimized mechanisms for adaptive tax burdens to achieve leadership in agricultural technologies. The impact of technological leadership in the AIC on increased productivity, reduced costs, and increased tax revenues is studied. The share of agricultural organizations applying tax incentives resulting in tax shortfalls of 7.0% is comparable to the share of innovative organizations for 2020-2024 (7.6%). Recommendations have been formulated to stimulate technological development to ensure sustainable technological leadership of the agro-industrial complex.
The article is devoted to methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of innovative projects in the agricultural sector of the country's economy. The need to develop and produce a wide range of innovative high-tech products for the domestic agro-industrial complex based on the implementation of the national project "Technological Support of Food Security" and the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture for 2017-2030 (hereinafter referred to as the FSTP) is substantiated. Their implementation in business practice requires a methodical assessment of the effectiveness of investments in the modernization of agricultural production. The work notes that the assessment of the effectiveness of innovations is preceded by their in-depth systems analysis, which consists of a number of sequential stages. The feasibility of discounting cash flows in the implementation of investment projects is shown. The main principles of their economic evaluation are listed. Using the example of technical and technological modernization of agricultural production (replenishment and renewal of the machinery and tractor fleet), an assessment of the economic efficiency of investments is given based on the main indicators: net present value, internal rate of return, return on investment and discounted payback period of the project. The presented methodology is supplemented by methodological approaches to organizing rent, leasing, and determining the amount of lease payments, which is associated with the low solvency of domestic agricultural producers in the current economic environment. To accurately assess the effectiveness of investment projects, it is necessary to use risk accounting and analysis methods: sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis, simulation modeling, and others.
The article is devoted to the current issues of sustainable functioning of the regional food system. The goals, principles, indicators, and criteria of sustainable development of agro-industrial production based on improving the supply chains of the North-West's agro-industrial complex in the context of modern global challenges and risks are determined. The trends in the sustainability of the functioning of the agro-food systems of the North-West Federal District of the Russian Federation and its regions in relation to the average indicators of the Russian Federation are revealed. The key goals of sustainable development of food supply chains based on partnership, compliance with the equivalence of exchange, and the combination of self-regulation with state regulation have been identified. To assess sustainability, a system of indicators has been adopted that characterizes sustainability in two aspects: 1) the stability of the levels of dynamic series, i.e., the minimum variability based on the Spearman rank, and 2) the determination of the stability of changes (trends) in dynamics. The article proposes the basic principles of forming sustainable supply chains in the agro-industrial complex and describes their essence and content. The following indicators are used as criteria for assessing the sustainability of production growth in the regions of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation: 1) the level of self-sufficiency of the region in food, 2) the volume of agricultural GRP in different types of supply chains (short, medium, and long), 3) the volume of investments in agriculture, 4) the net financial result of agricultural organizations, 5) the volume of agricultural GRP per capita, and 6) the real average monthly salary of agricultural workers. These indicators demonstrate the extent to which the current level of agricultural sector development ensures the sustainability of the region's and the entire North-Western Federal District's supply of agricultural products through local production. The proposed integration model of the agro-food system development, if implemented, will be an important factor in increasing the sustainability of the region's food supply.
The evolution of economic analysis demonstrates a shift from studying the firm as a key entity to considering more complex forms. In this context, the concept of a regional cluster acquires particular importance in the framework of developing economic development strategies. Currently, it is recognized that the cluster is a key instrument of regional economic development. This issue is extremely relevant for our country, as it touches upon the topic of import substitution and increasing the competitiveness of the domestic economy. Despite the recognized potential of clusters, the theoretical basis of the concept remains incomplete, and its practical implementation faces systemic obstacles. The key problem is the lack of a unified regulatory framework, which is manifested in the fragmentation and inconsistency of legislative acts. In this regard, it seems necessary to carry out work on the legislative consolidation of clear criteria and classification of cluster types, which will create the basis for their effective functioning and government support. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research was the fundamental provisions of M. Porter's theory of clusters and his provisions on the concept of regional development, as well as the scientific works of other scientists, current legislative and regulatory acts. Monographic, abstract-logical, systematic, comparative, etc. are used as methods of conducting economic research. methods.
The objective of the study is to identify the parameters of agricultural production's contribution to the Russian Federation's GDP, as well as the level of fiscal burden, which allows substantiating the areas for improving the current mechanism of state support for the Russian agro-industrial complex. The use of such scientific methods as comparative studies, analysis, synthesis, deduction, econometric tools for scientific interpretation of empirical data allowed us to ensure a high level of reliability of the final results and conclusions. The authors established the main indicators of economic activity of agricultural producers in the Russian Federation in 2002-2023, the dynamics of the share of agricultural production (section A of OKVED) in the Russian Federation's GDP in the specified period, the dynamics of extended taxation of agricultural producers in the Russian Federation, and calculated the indicators of the fiscal burden on agricultural producers in the Russian Federation over the observation period. A gradual reduction in the contribution of agricultural production to GDP in absolute and relative terms was established, caused by a set of factors contributing to a decrease in the profitability of business entities operating in the sphere of agricultural production; Increasing fiscal burden on agricultural producers. The current situation, in which taxation of real agricultural production is growing at a rate significantly exceeding both GDP growth and sectoral development indicators, increases the risks of socioeconomic destabilization in the medium and long term. Therefore, one of the primary measures of state regulation of agricultural production is the regulatory fixation of fiscal burden indicators at a level that allows Russian agricultural producers to effectively operate both within the Russian Federation and in a highly competitive global market.
The subject of research is the problems of the development of the traditional branch of agriculture - beekeeping. Over the past 20 years, there has been a significant reduction in the production of beekeeping products. The problem of "extinction" of rural settlements is quite acute, due to a number of reasons, one of which is limited employment opportunities. The aim of the study is to investigate the problems and prospects of the revival of beekeeping as one of the factors of sustainable development of rural areas. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set and solved: the importance of the beekeeping industry was characterized; identified the main social problems of sustainable rural development; developed measures aimed at ensuring the sustainable development of rural settlements; the reserves for the development of the beekeeping industry in the Ryazan region are justified. The working hypothesis of the study consists in the scientific assumption that in modern conditions the development of the beekeeping industry, on the one hand, makes it possible to increase the degree of sustainable development of agribusiness as a whole, and, on the other hand, creates ample opportunities for increasing the dynamic development of rural areas and solving social problems. Methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, observation and economic and mathematical modeling were used. The results of the study allow us to conclude that the practical significance of the work lies in the formation of solutions to the problem of sustainable development, both of the beekeeping industry itself and of the socio-economic development of rural areas in general. It is recommended to create an agritourism complex, an integral part of which will be familiarization with the life of bee families and the production of beekeeping products. This will create additional jobs for both essential workers during the off-season, as well as for pensioners, students and people with disabilities. The feasibility of creating beekeeping tourism centers will allow solving the problems of increasing the income of the rural population, the vocational orientation of rural schoolchildren to acquire skills related to natural objects, and deepening and expanding their knowledge of biology.
Uninterrupted and sustainable provision of milk and dairy products to the country's population largely determines the health of not only individuals, but also the health of the nation as a whole, acts as a guarantee of food security and, of course, is a sign of a strong state. This article presents the results of a comprehensive author's study of the assessment of certain aspects of the level and condition of dairy cattle breeding in enterprises of the agricultural sector; monitoring the production and processing of milk and dairy products. Economic and statistical methods are used to assess the degree of influence of milk production in the agricultural sector of the economy on the dynamics of the processing (dairy) industry in the Saratov region over the past 12 years through a system of indicators of dynamics, intensity, and comparison. The factors determining the level and possible prospects of increasing the production of milk and dairy products are considered. The indicators characterizing the level of per capita production and consumption, the level of self-sufficiency of the region and the economic accessibility of dairy products for the population are presented. Problematic issues have been identified in the formation of resources and the use of milk and dairy products, dairy cattle breeding in the context of certain categories of farms, namely: reduction of gross yields, the number of cows in the main herd, a very significant proportion of imported raw materials and dairy products. A number of aspects are identified that can influence the adoption of an objective decision on the need to increase, expand production, increase the share of exports, and accelerate import substitution. The analytical tools and research results described in the article may be useful to agricultural and processing industry authorities.