Due to the conditional balancing of the federal budget under the deficit, sanctions, contractual SWO, the essence of the assessment of the effectiveness of budget expenditures should be adjusted towards the effectiveness of achieving the goals of sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex. It becomes important not only to quantitatively assess the compliance of budget expenditures efficiency, but also the compliance of budget expenditures with the set goals of sustainable growth of the agro-industrial complex. The article studies the types of budget expenditures for the development of the agro-industrial complex in 2025-2027. Priority directions of budget expenditures contributing to a significant increase in output and productivity in the agro-industrial complex, investment in assets and labor income are highlighted. The urgent need to reduce inefficient expenditures on the growing budgetary sphere, which leads to underfunding of the needs of real producers of globally competitive agricultural products, is outlined. The efficiency of federal budget expenditures on the agro-industrial complex is studied through quantitative assessment of the correlation of output growth to the increment of expenditures and preferences. The evaluation of spending efficiency is considered as a continuous process. It is proved that the coefficient of spending efficiency is in inverse dependence on the growth of inefficient expenditures. Examples of inefficient use of funds in the agro-industrial complex are given. The target trajectory for assessing the effectiveness of budgetary expenditures on the agro-industrial complex is ensuring dynamic sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex with the coefficient of efficiency of spending above 1 with an annual increase in production of 10%.
The article substantiates one of the directions of increasing the sustainability of agriculture in the regions as digitalization. The authors identified the reasons hindering the introduction of digital technologies into agriculture in the northern regions and also proposed directions for the development of digitalization of agriculture. Special attention is paid to the main factors of agriculture that affect the specifics of the process of digital transformation of the industry, which are. As a result, the authors highlight the stages of transition to the digital transformation of agriculture in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), highlighting the role and interests of the state and representatives of agribusiness. It is proposed to create a single digital platform for agriculture in the region, ensuring the integration of information information of the industry and its governing bodies represented by government agencies into a single digital space of the agricultural sector based on the modernization of production processes, providing reliable and prompt access to the Internet, as well as obtaining work skills and competencies with digital technologies.
The article considers methodological approaches to the rational interaction of agricultural producers with development institutions in order to overcome the obstacles facing the agricultural sector: sanctions of unfriendly states, a shortage of own and borrowed resources (in conditions of an increased Central Bank rate), insufficient state support. Development institutions act as a catalyst for both public and private investments in priority sub-sectors of the agricultural sector, defined by national projects and the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture for the period 2017-2030. It is noted that the very definition of the "institute of innovative development" contains 2 conceptual provisions: firstly, it should be an organization that carries out innovative activities and is a recipient of state support, and secondly, this organization is granted the right to provide financial support to subjects of innovative activity itself. The priority directions of development of the agricultural sector of the economy aimed at import substitution, import conservation and achieving sovereignty in high-tech means of production are considered. The necessity of transition to natural high-precision technologies, taking into account the adaptation of ecosystems of the agricultural sector to climate change, natural disasters and reducing the negative impact of anthropogenic activities on the environment, is substantiated. In methodological terms, in relation to the activities of development institutions, it is advisable to use a systemic reproductive approach, since agricultural production is a complex socio-economic system, which by its structure consists of functional and organizational and economic subsystems. The studied branch of the economy is an open natural and biological system between living organisms: soil-plant-animal-human and the environment. Based on the system-reproduction methodology, the paper proposes a model of interaction between development institutions, specialized funds and subsystems of agricultural production. It is proved that for each natural and economic zone, based on research by scientific organizations, a regional regulatory and technological model of agricultural production in electronic form should be created, which will allow, based on a comparative analysis, to make the necessary adjustments to technological policy, including those related to the interaction of an agricultural producer with the development institute. After attracting financial resources (or material and technical resources) of the development institute, a general assessment of the process of intensification of the organization's production, its innovation and investment activities is carried out. The main method for determining the necessary parameters, in order to achieve the process of extended reproduction, can be analytical modeling, which allows you to determine various variants of the model (interaction with the development institute) for discussion, without experimenting on a real object.
The agriculture demonstrates a long-term positive trend in terms of production volumes of the main types of agricultural products. Most of these products (56%) are created by small business entities that are only formally equal market participants. In order to further increase the volume of agricultural products, the control of rural areas, and improve the standard of living in them, it is necessary to increase the importance of agricultural cooperation. Only this tool has the necessary reserves to ensure the competitiveness of small business entities and increase the efficiency of their economic activities. This is confirmed by domestic and foreign experience, as well as the effective functioning of the cooperative system in certain regions of the country. The basis of such development is administrative support from the settlement level, indicating those responsible to the highest level of the executive power of the region, the availability of appropriate development programs, and the provision of consulting services. To ensure the priority of agricultural cooperation, it is proposed to develop and adopt a Strategy for the development of agricultural cooperation for the long term, increase the level of coverage of existing cooperatives with state support, purposefully inform about the advantages of cooperation, and improve certain articles of federal laws.
The problem of increasing labor productivity and employee motivation for high-performance work is typical for the entire real sector of the modern economy. It is associated with the alienation of employees from work and its results. The private form of ownership by appropriation has not solved the issues of the agricultural sector either in terms of increasing the attractiveness of work in the industry, or in terms of increasing labor productivity. The state form of ownership is also on an equal footing with the state in relation to the issue of alienation of labor; moreover, the problem is also aggravated in the aspect of managerial personnel. If the owner, who carries out strategic and, often, current management of the company's activities, is vitally interested in development and financial results, then under state ownership, the head is just as influenced by the alienation factor as a simple worker. The solution to the problem of eliminating the factor of alienation that is demotivating for the development of any enterprise can be found through the development of such organizational and legal forms of enterprises as agricultural production cooperatives and closed joint-stock companies of workers – people's enterprises. While agricultural production cooperatives occupy a small niche in the structure of agricultural enterprises, even the majority of managers and business owners do not know about closed joint-stock companies of employees (national enterprises) in which shares belong to the workforce. The article examines the activities of national enterprises in the aspect of the alienation factor, as the root cause of low motivation of employees for high-performance work.
Prices are one of the parameters of economic availability of goods and services. Large interregional differences in the price of any product lead to inequality in its availability in some regions and pose a threat to socio-political stability. Therefore, the study of regional prices for basic socially significant goods is a relevant area of economic research. The subject of our study is the phenomenon of spatial heterogeneity in the availability of food products in the Russian Federation, due to price differences. The purpose of the paper is to find patterns in regional price differentiation for the most popular product of the fish group - frozen whole fish and its substitute - beef. Both products are included in the list of basic food products, for which the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation sets threshold values for food independence, economic and physical availability. The paper analyzes data on the spatial distribution of prices for these goods, determines the main static and dynamic characteristics of price heterogeneity, and identifies key factors that can potentially lead to the emergence of disparity in regional prices. The main results of the work were the identification of a hidden trend of growth of interregional differences in fish prices in the Russian Federation, structuring of regions by price level, and detection of a number of patterns and anomalies in spatial differentiation of fish prices. The methodological basis of the work is statistical analysis tools, which are selected and adapted in accordance with the purpose of the study. The information base is data from publicly available sources.
Sustainable development of domestic agricultural production involves the use of new approaches to ensuring the financial security of agricultural producers, which is due to modern geopolitical challenges and the dynamics of economic development in Russia. The article focuses on solving the problems of ensuring the financial security of regional agri-food market entities in the context of tightening sanctions, developing an import substitution strategy and scientific and technological development of the agro-industrial complex. The study identified a number of problems in ensuring the financial security of agricultural organizations in the region: economic consequences of climate change, instability of purchase prices for agricultural products, dependence of agricultural production on imports, poor development of the insurance system of the agro-industrial sector, insufficient government support, personnel crisis, and others. The purpose of the study is to identify existing problems and develop directions for ensuring the financial security of agricultural entities in the region in the context of a mobilization economy. The research methodology is based on the use of various methods and approaches that consider the process of ensuring the financial security of agricultural organizations as a result of solving interrelated problems. The results of the study can be used in the framework of measures to improve the system of financial support for agricultural producers at the federal and regional levels and to ensure their financial security.
The use of an integrated approach to studying the development of the sugar beet product subcomplex is based on the author's hypothesis, according to which scientifically based rational construction of a system of interaction between the main participants interested in improving the industry will improve the efficiency of production and economic activities of seed centers and factories for processing and storing sugar beet seeds, farmers and sugar factories. The identified development areas are based on the activities of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture for 2017–2030, promising innovative technologies in the field of selection, seed production, plant protection, mechanization (robotics), storage and processing of products, and include the development of interregional cooperation between key entities in the field of creation (promotion) of innovations and agricultural producers, as well as a system of goals for assessing the results of development. The methodology for assessing the development of sugar beet production involves finding the indicators of the period of the beginning of the introduction of innovative technologies from the best values in the region (from the average for 10 years, three years) or forecast valuesadjusted for changes in costs. The final forecast indicators take into account the expected impact of innovative technologies on the achieved results of stable sugar beet-growing organizations and the potential capabilities of farms with experience in cultivating the crop. The proposed methodology was tested on statistical materials characterizing the economy of sugar beet growing industries of Saratov Region organizations. The study was conducted on a group of indicators: sown area, average yield, quality of commercial products, average unit price, profitability level, output per tractor driver, share of earnings from sugar beet in the salary of tractor drivers. The practical significance of the work lies in the use of the obtained results for further improvement of the mechanism for development of domestic sugar beet growing.
The consumption of fruits and berries in the Russian Federation is inferior to economically developed countries. Their production is constrained by a lack of high-quality garden material. Planting material coming from abroad often contains phytopathogens new to our country, and in the varietal section it does not correspond much to the climatic conditions of our country. To fulfill the task of import substitution and meet the needs of the population with domestic fruits and berries, it is necessary to establish a system for the production of planting material of the highest quality categories. Therefore, the article substantiates the effectiveness of the innovation project for the production of garden strawberries, which allows obtaining planting material of the highest quality. The technology includes exploratory research, access to an applied result (laying basic mothers). The payback period of the project will be 4 years, the internal rate of return of the project is 23.6%. The project can be adapted to production requests both by assortment, hook and by the amount of material produced, which makes it possible to indicate its potential market demand.
The research is aimed at developing a comprehensive methodology for analyzing and evaluating the relationship between agricultural development and sustainable rural development of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic in the context of modern challenges and problems, which includes seven main stages: formulation of research goals, identification of factors of rural and agricultural development, information collection, analysis and assessment of the current state and indicators of agricultural and rural development the use of methods for analyzing variations in the values of indicators for the development of agriculture and rural areas, substantiation of the causality of agricultural development with sustainable rural development, development of forecast scenarios for the development of agriculture and rural areas and the development of interrelated agricultural development with sustainable rural development. The analysis of the relationship between agricultural development and sustainable rural development includes an assessment of agroecological, economic, institutional and social aspects. The article also discusses key factors influencing the relationship between agricultural development and rural sustainability, such as climate change, the level of technological development, socio-cultural characteristics, etc. This methodology is based on the analysis of productive (agricultural production, agricultural production index, gross emissions into the atmosphere, the amount of waste generated from production and consumption, coverage of children from 5 to 18 years of additional education, etc.) and factorial (accrued wages per agricultural worker, labor productivity in agriculture, the share of agricultural land in the total area of territories, the number of rural population, etc.) indicators of the development of agriculture and rural areas.