The global food market is a highly competitive environment. The struggle of entrepreneurs for market share requires more and more investments to improve the quality of the product, increase the cost of its promotion. It is especially acute in the market for consumer goods - grain, oil, fish. At the same time, there are potentially promising segments of non-mass demand in the food market, in which the level of competition and, accordingly, capital investments in promotion costs are significantly lower, and the level of income, on the contrary, is higher. For example, venison. This is a niche, fast-growing segment of the global meat market, demand and supply, in which it is formed by both traditions and modern trends in the global market. In particular, the consumer's desire for an environmentally friendly healthy diet has a significant impact.
Many publications have been devoted to assessing the level and quality of life, while the quantitative measurement of sustainability remains outside the focus of researchers. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to substantiate the methodology for assessing the sustainability of the growth of the standard and quality of life of the rural population, testing it on the example of the North-Western Federal District (NWFD). The research methodology was based on the principles, goals, indicators and indicators of the United Nations in the field of sustainable development. Quantitative calculations of the degree of stability were carried out using the Spearman rank correlation method. The sustainability assessment was carried out on the basis of official data from Rosstat. The calculation results showed a significant inter-regional differentiation of sustainability indicators. It has been established that in most regions the poverty rate is steadily decreasing. The level of income inequality between rural and urban populations is also decreasing with noticeable stability on average in the Northwestern Federal District. The index of active longevity is growing with high and very high stability on average in the Northwestern Federal District, the level of poverty and the level of atmospheric pollution are decreasing. At the same time, negative trends regarding the reproduction of the population and the labor force have been noted over the past decade. The net rate of reproduction of the rural population is decreasing with very high stability, and the rate of renewal of the able-bodied population is decreasing with noticeable stability. The approbation of the methodology has shown its suitability for the diagnosis of the sustainability of the growth of the standard and quality of life in various regions of the country.
This study aims to identify trends and prospects for the development of consumer services in rural peripheral areas of the Sverdlovsk Region. The relevance of the study is determined by the priorities of the regional policy of the Sverdlovsk Region, aimed at creating a comfortable environment, implying the equalization of the standard of living of the population in different types of territories by ensuring the availability of consumer services, which contributes to social well-being and an improved quality of life. The methodological basis of the study was the "center-periphery" concept, conceptual provisions of the theory of sustainable development, the theory of agrarian economics, the theory of service economics, and the concept of servitization. The study utilized methods of economic analysis - comparison, grouping, tabular presentation of data, and brainstorming. The research methodology involves a comprehensive economic analysis of the consumer services sector in rural peripheral areas of the region according to the conceptual framework proposed by the authors. The algorithm includes two main areas of analysis: a study of the general regional background and a study of rural peripheral areas. The research testing ground is the municipal districts of the Sverdlovsk Region. The data obtained may be useful in developing public services development programs for rural peripheral areas, ensuring equal access to public services. Implementing such programs would maximize the impact of regional management decisions and ensure the rational use of budgetary funds allocated for public services development in rural peripheral areas.
Currently, under the influence of economic and technological challenges, the Russian labor market is undergoing significant changes, which particularly affect its rural segment. The rural labor market is subject to general trends, but due to its specific nature, negative effects are more widespread and profound. Traditional self-regulation mechanisms are failing, necessitating comprehensive external interventions. This paper characterizes the current state and identifies development trends in key labor market elements: labor demand, labor supply, labor prices, and competition in rural areas of the Russian Federation. The study is based on official data from the Federal State Statistics Service on Labor and Employment. The analysis of statistical indicators reveals significant gaps in labor market development in rural areas compared to urban areas and the national average. Despite unemployment stabilizing at a low level, it is twice as high among the rural population compared to the urban population. Based on a generalization and systematization of the rural labor market's characteristics, a matrix of the influence of economic, demographic, social, and institutional factors on each element of the rural labor market has been compiled. Key priorities for rural labor market development in the context of the new paradigm of socioeconomic development and technological transformations have been identified: expanding employment opportunities for all segments of the population; expanding the availability and continuity of education and advanced training; expanding the availability of information technology and digitalization in the rural economy; and increasing worker well-being and labor costs in the rural economy. Measures for state regulation of the rural labor market in priority areas are proposed.
The study analyzed conceptual approaches, large-scale infrastructure projects in the fields of road construction, water supply, energy, and social facilities, as well as mechanisms for stimulating employment and attracting private investment in rural areas. The purpose of the study was to identify common patterns and national characteristics of rural development policies in the two countries, as well as to assess the possibility of mutual adaptation of successful practices. The study used qualitative comparative analysis, content analysis of program documents and sectoral reports, as well as a comparative analysis of target indicators and achieved results. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that, despite the abundance of scientific works on individual aspects of rural development in Russia and Uzbekistan, there are almost no comprehensive comparative studies based on a unified methodological framework and empirical data in recent years. However, both countries face similar challenges, making the study of each other's experiences particularly relevant. The study revealed that the Russian model is strong in developing long-term financial mechanisms and integrating agriculture into industrial chains through individual development programs for individual regions. The Uzbek model is effective in mobilizing local communities and addressing infrastructure issues at the grassroots level, resulting in quick and visible outcomes. However, the study also identified weaknesses: in Uzbekistan, there are issues with the quality of construction work and an inefficient allocation of resources; in Russia, there is a persistent income gap between urban and rural areas and a high dependence of rural territories on federal transfers. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the comparative analysis of a set of empirical data on the implementation of specific infrastructure and investment projects in rural areas in Russia and Uzbekistan during the period of 2020-2026. The study identified differences in management models: the Russian model focuses on federal programs and the institution of individual regional development programs, while the Uzbek model relies on the grassroots "mahallabai" system and a high concentration of resources within large projects supported by international organizations. The study demonstrated that each model has both advantages and disadvantages, and the potential for mutual adaptation can be realized through the adoption of financial instruments and management mechanisms.
The aim of the work is to identify the dynamics, structural shifts and regional characteristics of the production of basic livestock products in the period from 2019 to 2023, as well as to assess the level of average per capita consumption in a number of countries in comparison with rational standards. Global meat production increased by 9.2% over the period under review, and milk production increased by 8.6%. Top five countries (China, USA, Brazil, India, Russia) accumulates more than 55% of the world's meat production and about 44% of milk. China is the absolute leader in all types of livestock products, providing almost twice as much meat production as the United States. In a number of countries (Germany, France, Ukraine, the USA, Belarus), there was a decline in production in certain positions caused by a combination of long-term structural problems (depopulation of the herd, rising costs, stricter regulation) and acute crisis events (avian flu epidemic, military operations, COVID-19 pandemic, logistical disruptions). The analysis of average per capita consumption (using the example of Russia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Germany and the USA) showed significant imbalances, in particular, overeating of meat in the USA (65% higher than the Russian rational norm) and underconsumption of milk in Russia and Azerbaijan. This indicates the varying degrees of physical and economic availability of food, as well as differences in dietary traditions. Significant potential, both worldwide and in Russia, lies in the possibilities of developing organic animal husbandry.
The article explores greenhouse production as a source for the development of vegetable growing. The relevance of the topic is related to ensuring the sustainable development of the national economy. In order to achieve the rationale for the need for accelerated development of vegetable growing for a stable year-round supply of veg-etables to the population and ensuring food security and independence of the country, the fol-lowing tasks were set and solved: namely, the content and criteria of food security and inde-pendence of the country are disclosed, world trends in the development of vegetable growing are considered and the role of closed soil vegetable growing is shown, An assessment of the development of vegetable growing in the CHR was given and trends were identified, the role of closed-ground vegetable production in the development of vegetable growing was substan-tiated, and key areas of innovative spatial development of vegetable growing were developed. The main trend in the development of vegetable growing in Russia is the transition from sea-sonal to year-round production due to the development of protected soil vegetable growing. State support for vegetable growing is a significant measure, since in conditions of high vola-tility it allows you to avoid disasters, namely, concessional lending, compensation for engi-neering infrastructure, subsidies for energy efficiency.
The relevance of the article is determined by the need for an integrated approach to the study of factors accelerating food inflation and determining ways to regulate it. The chronology, fundamental and conjunctural causes of the emergence and development of food inflation in the world from the beginning of the 21st century to the present are revealed. Based on Rosstat data for 2015-2025, the dynamics of such indicators as the consumer price index, average producer prices for agricultural products, the price index for food groups of goods, and retail trade turnover are analyzed. The results showed that, despite the decrease in inflation in the current period, significant fluctuations in food prices persist, which indicates the persistence of general inflationary pressure. The negative impact of inflation on the development of agricultural and processing organizations of the agro-industrial complex is revealed. It is revealed that to a greater extent the observed price dynamics is related to the problems of inflation on the supply side. The need to find mechanisms for price stability through agri-food policy measures aimed at increasing the profitability of agricultural producers and improving pricing is emphasized. The obtained theoretical and practical conclusions of the study make it possible to deepen the understanding of the category of "food inflation", its features and can be used as the basis for developing an anti-inflationary policy.
The scientific article proposes an approach to the formation of an innovative strategy for the development of agriculture, which ensures the stimulation of innovation activities within the framework of a new state economic policy – the policy of economic and technological sovereignty. The scientific approach to solving the problem of choosing an innovative strategy for the development of the economic system involves taking into account regional specifics and socio-economic conditions of innovation activity, which is proposed to be carried out on the basis of diagnostics of the level of innovative development. Diagnostics of the level of innovative development of a region, the main part of the economic potential of which is the agricultural sector, should include an assessment of such parameters as the socio-economic conditions for the development of innovation, scientific and technical potential, the level of development and export activity of innovation, and the quality of innovation policy. Based on the diagnosis of the level of innovative development of the region, the authors proposed a model for selecting an innovative strategy for agriculture. The Rostov region was the object of research in substantiating the innovative strategy for the development of agriculture and food systems. According to the rating, which determines the result of ranking the subjects of the Russian Federation in descending order of the values of the Russian regional innovation index (RDII) and distributes them into four groups, based on the lag between the values of the integral indicator and the result of the leader, the Rostov region belongs to the second group of regions with reduced indicators of innovative development. The region is characterized by a relatively low level of values of such components of innovative development as the innovation market (demand for innovation) and the technological potential of innovation producers, as a result of which, according to the authors, strategic directions for innovative development of agriculture in the region should be developed with an emphasis on consumer support measures. The elements of the author's approach can be used in the development and adjustment of strategic planning documents aimed at ensuring greater accessibility of innovative technologies and digital solutions for agricultural producers and increasing the scale of their application in the agricultural sector.
The article discusses some theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of scientific and technical support for agricultural producers in the current conditions of geostrategic tension and sanctions pressure on Russia. The author's vision has been put forward to solve the problem of financing agricultural science by forming a new architecture for financing fundamental research through budgetary allocations, applied and development - through the attraction of private investment. To this end, the article analyzes the dynamics of financing agricultural science, the level of which in the gross output of agriculture remains the entire period under consideration significantly lower than the contribution to the formation of industry in the gross domestic product. It is put forward that the volume of investments in agricultural science must be brought to values corresponding to at least the general Russian indicator. Revealing the level of funding for science in agriculture in individual countries, there is a wide range of private capital participation in co-financing fundamental, applied research and development. For our country, there is a certain interest in certain tools to stimulate agricultural producers to invest in scientific research, such as grants that fully compensate for the costs of these purposes, as well as tax deductions for research and development work for farmers. The article proposes to attract private capital through public-private partnership in the breeding and breeding and breeding genetic sphere at the level of a constituent entity of Russia or a district, or at the interregional level, which may be one of the promising directions for the beginning of the formation of an integral all-Russian system of long-term financing of investments in scientific activities in the agricultural sphere from non-state sources. With the formation of such an all-Russian system of long-term investments, the main financial price can be the existing Russian Direct Investment Fund, which has been operating for many years and is quite effective.