The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of employment in agriculture from the perspective of forming its new model, which assumes a new structure, forms of employment, new professions, values, digital profiles, and new skills. The object of the research is the employment system in agriculture. Research methods: content analysis, logical and statistical methods, comparative analysis, systematic approach. The authors consider the processes of formation of a new employment model as a complex phenomenon, encompassing not only the emergence and development of new digital professions in rural areas, the growing role of youth in the agricultural workforce, the need to improve the digital literacy of workers in the agricultural sector, but also the development of new forms of employment in the agro-industrial complex of Russian regions. Special emphasis is placed on assessing the demand for skills by those employed in rural areas. A critical analysis of existing approaches to the analysis of processes in the field of employment in agriculture is presented, taking into account international research experience, methodological approaches to assessing its transformation are summarized, and relevant statistical data are analyzed. The authors analyze various aspects of the impact of digital transformation on rural employment, consistently substantiate the need for the formation of modern institutions for the development of new forms of employment in rural areas, corresponding to the new employment model, actively developing in the context of technological transformations. The results of the study can be useful for the development of regional strategies for the development of employment in agriculture.
The article is devoted to topical issues of staffing the Russian agro-industrial complex in the context of modern challenges, namely the role of human capital in ensuring the personnel security of the Russian agro-industrial complex. Based on the analysis of data from the Federal State Statistics Service, information from recruitment platforms, the results of public surveys and expert assessments, key threats to personnel security were identified – the aging of the workforce, migration of qualified specialists from rural areas, and low levels of digital literacy. The authors analyzed the systemic causes of the current situation, including the insufficient development of rural infrastructure, the inconsistency of the vocational education system with modern requirements and the weak motivation of young people. Based on the conducted research, a set of measures has been proposed to improve personnel security, including: the transformation of the agricultural education system with an emphasis on digital technologies, as well as the development of social infrastructure in rural settlements.
The royalty payment mechanism is a system of regular payments provided by the intellectual property owner to the user of this property for the right to exploit it. In the context of agriculture and crop production, royalties are regular payments to plant variety owners for the use of their breeding achievements. Despite the importance of this institution for stimulating innovation and protecting the interests of creators of new varieties, it faces a number of practical difficulties related to the lack of clear legislative norms and transparency of calculations. The amount of royalties is determined by current market conditions and, as a rule, is at a level comparable to the average indicators applied to similar types of activities within the industry in question. In the domestic legal sphere, the practice of transferring intellectual property rights has not yet become widespread, which leads to a shortage of market information necessary for making calculations. Thus, there is a need to develop methodological approaches to determining the reasonable cost of the initial product (soybean seeds) based on the application of market data.
The article provides a comprehensive study of the dynamics, structure and prospects of Russian agri-food exports to Iran, analyzing the transition from a temporary to a full-fledged Free Trade Agreement (FTA). The methodology incorporates an analysis of the commodity structure of trade, calculation of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) indices, and an assessment of export potential based on ITC TradeMap data. The findings indicate a fourfold increase in trade turnover between 2015 and 2023, with Russia dominating the supply of wheat and sunflower oil. Realizing the export growth potential for the most promising goods could lead to a supply value of $8.2 billion. A detailed analysis of the new FTA’s tariff conditions, central to this study, reveals significant differentiation: while an unconditional zero duty applies to corn and soybeans, limited tariff quotas for key goods (wheat, barley) constrain the realization of a substantial part of the export potential. The study concludes that the success of Russian agricultural exports to Iran will be determined by the ability to address a triple challenge: the effective use of tariff preferences amid competition within the EAEU, integration into transport corridors ("North–South") and the harmonization of non-tariff regulation systems.
The article substantiates the need for a fundamental change in the management paradigm of Russia's agro-industrial complex: a transition from a reactive model and "manual management" to a long-term, strategically aligned government policy until 2036. It is proven that in the context of global geopolitical instability and sanctions pressure, the current model, which focuses primarily on quantitative growth, has reached its limits. Based on a comprehensive analysis, the conceptual foundations of a new agricultural policy have been formulated, based on the principles of guaranteed food and technological sovereignty, strategic integrity, economic justice, and the priority of scientific support. The work is centered on a detailed analysis of ten strategic areas for the development of the agro-industrial complex, including: the introduction of unused land into circulation; the complete elimination of critical import dependence on seeds, genetics, and technology; the accelerated development of underdeveloped sub-sectors (dairy farming and horticulture); the transition to a new financial model that ensures profitability for expanded reproduction; and the large-scale digital transformation of the industry (the creation of a "Digital Twin of the Agro-Industrial Complex"). Special attention is paid to the social aspect, including the comprehensive development of rural areas and the support of small-scale farming as the basis for the country's demographic sustainability. Specific mechanisms for implementing the strategy have been proposed, including the introduction of digital financial assets, targeted training, and the restructuring of exports towards high-value-added products. The implementation of the proposed Concept aims to transform the agricultural sector into a high-tech economy that not only ensures food security but also improves the quality of life for rural populations.
The scientific article proposes and considers an algorithm for improving the state policy of innovative-technological development of Russia's agricultural sector, aimed at enhancing the introduction of innovative technologies and the development of digitalization. At the first stage of the algorithm, an analysis of the use of digital solutions and innovative technologies in the domestic agricultural sector was carried out. In the second stage, the problems that hinder their widespread use are highlighted, including: a shortage of qualified personnel with competencies at the junction of agricultural knowledge and digital technologies; lack of independent sites for testing new developments; limited financial capabilities of agricultural producers to carry out technical and technological modernization; incompatibility of digital platforms and systems. At the third stage, the factors that can contribute to the introduction and active dissemination of agricultural technologies and digital solutions are identified, including: the course towards increasing the export potential of the domestic agro-industrial complex; the implemented import substitution policy; the popularity of the IT field among applicants and the high demand for IT specialists; the global trend of increasing the environmental friendliness of production; involvement in the active economic turnover of unused agricultural land. Within the framework of the fourth stage, the directions of improving such mechanisms of the state policy of innovative-technological development of the agricultural sector are proposed, such as: regulatory; financial; scientific and personnel support; monitoring studies, information and consulting support; organizational. The elements of the algorithm can be used in the development and correction of strategic planning documents aimed at ensuring greater accessibility of innovative technologies and digital solutions for agricultural producers and increasing the scale of their application in the agricultural sector.
The last five years of the period of economic, social and natural turbulence, their mutual reinforcement, the growth of force majeure, the direct and side effects of which often exceeded the "threshold of sustainability" of enterprises and branches of the agricultural sector, necessitate a more detailed study of these and other circumstances and processes, as well as their impact on the stability of the development of the agro-industrial complex. In the article, the authors carried out a set of theoretical, methodological and applied aspects to identify the consequences of the development of the food complex of the Russian Federation in conditions of increased turbulence. The peculiarities of the development of agriculture and the food industry after emerging from the transformational recession are revealed, the specifics of their functioning during the crisis years and inter-crisis periods are revealed. The problems that hinder the development of the food complex and reduce its sustainability are systematized. Practical measures are substantiated, the implementation of which is aimed at strengthening the sustainability of the food complex in conditions of intensification of turbulence. The research results have theoretical and methodological foundations for the development of food complex industries after passing the "bottom" of the transformational recession, during crisis years and inter-crisis periods, which expand knowledge about the circumstances and processes of functioning of the agricultural sector in conditions of intensification of turbulence. The results obtained can be used both to deepen theoretical studies of the sustainability of the food complex, and in practical terms regarding areas and measures of a legislative, financial, investment and economic nature in order to strengthen internal cross-industry relations and increase the "threshold of strength" in relation to external threats.
The intelligent processes in agricultural production are proceeding slowly, and the use of digital technologies remains low. The main reasons for this include a shortage of personnel with digital competencies, the loss of vendors and application software developers, the low level of import substitution for foreign equipment, and the high cost of Russian-made digital technologies. Other constraints to the digitalization of agricultural production include the underdeveloped digital infrastructure in rural areas and the insufficient development of the information environment. Along with this, agricultural producers are unwilling and unmotivated to make significant changes, preferring traditional farming methods over new, progressive ones. This article examines the state of agricultural production, the use of digital technologies and their financing, the number of specialists working in the industry and the number of vacancies that remain, and the ratio of the use of Russian and non-Russian software. The article substantiates the need to accelerate the digitalization of agriculture and the entire agro-industrial complex. This approach is also explained by the need for agriculture to keep pace with other industries in terms of digitalization, the use of digital technologies and platforms. Since interaction and connections between modern stakeholders are facilitated through digital technologies, "partners" must speak the same language to understand each other, collaborate, and be full participants in the economic space.
Considering the legislatively established differentiation of subjects of land relations, this article examines the institutional and economic interests of agricultural land use at the regional level, treating regions as independent actors within such relations. Special attention is given to the subordination of interests within the hierarchical system of land ownership management, with the identification of institution-forming levels and levels of practical implementation of current legislative initiatives. A comprehensive study of region-specific interests made it possible to determine the actual set of institutional and economic interests, as well as to reveal the nature of their formation. In particular, it was established that economic relations constitute the substance of land relations in agricultural land use, encompassing all types of economic activity in the agricultural production sector, taking into account the circulation of land plots in this sector, while institutional relations serve as the organizational form of these processes. Being closely interrelated, economic and institutional interests are analyzed from the standpoint of identifying contradictions and deficiencies within the existing institutional environment when pursuing economic interests at the regional level.
The article considers theoretical and practical aspects of effective implementation of strategic instruments to support small businesses. It is noted that small enterprises engaged in agricultural activities not only make a significant contribution to the functioning of the agricultural economy, but also significantly affect the effectiveness of the integrated development of the village. Small agricultural enterprises are characterized by a high level of flexibility and adaptability, which allows them to meet the needs of local markets for high-quality agricultural products. Currently, small businesses experience a number of problems in the process of economic activity, the main ones being insufficient resource and information and consulting support, as well as a high level of bureaucratization. The functionality of small agricultural enterprises is focused not only on solving food problems and participating in the implementation of import substitution policies, it is designed to optimize the rural labor market by creating jobs. Also, the segment of small businesses can be considered an effective subject area for the introduction of innovations and tools for greening agricultural production. In the Krasnodar region, the potential for the development of small agricultural enterprises is great, however, their economic activity is characterized by insufficient stability due to the presence of external and internal challenges. In view of the fact that self-sufficiency in food products in the region has worsened, the authors consider it advisable to introduce a system of criteria for assessing the quality of strategic support for small forms of management. In the long term, this will increase the efficiency of small agricultural enterprises, which will have a positive impact on the economy and social sphere of the Krasnodar region