The authors identify key indicators for assessing agricultural production potential, which are then used to analyze the territories of municipalities in six regions of Russia, including the Republics of Mari El, Mordovia, Tatarstan, and Chuvashia, as well as Kirov and Nizhny Novgorod region. For the Volga-Kama macroregion, they examine the dynamics of agricultural, forestry, and fisheries organizations. The authors conclude that it is feasible and beneficial to establish cluster-type, multi-industry entities in Russian regions, such as agro-industrial multiclusters, which integrate enterprises and organizations involved in activities such as animal husbandry, crop production, fishing, fish farming, and forestry. Various spatial models for agricultural production clustering have been identified for the regions in question. The potential multicluster for agriculture, forestry, and fisheries in the Republic of Tatarstan has a dual-core spatial structure, with Kazan and Naberezhnye Chelny acting as the scientific, educational, infrastructural, and production cores of the multicluster. In other regions under consideration, the proposed multicluster model features one main core. The study found that there are potential centers for agricultural sector clustering in the Nizhny Novgorod region (four centers), Kirov region (five centers), and the Republic of Mari El (two centers). The spatial structure of agriculture in the Republics of Mordovia and Chuvashia is characterized by a single pronounced clustering center, the multicluster core. In addition, the authors identify a number of other agricultural clusterization centers as points of interregional clustering within the Volga-Kama macroregion.
One of the factors influencing the structure of the resource potential of agricultural production is the established inter-sectoral interactions between the agricultural sector and the industries that supply production resources for it. The analysis of changes in the structure of the resource potential of agricultural production in Russia is carried out using the methodology of intersectoral balance with the allocation of resource groups according to their importance and significance for the production process in the agricultural sector. To assess the structural changes, indicators were calculated that characterize the differences in the use of resources over a number of years, as well as reflecting both annual changes (chain values) and their vector (basic values). For a more complete analysis of the dynamics of agricultural production output under the influence of structural changes in its resource potential, it is proposed to compare the chain values of indicators with the annual growth rates of production, and the basic values with the accumulated growth over the corresponding period of time. It is shown that the impact of current structural changes in the resource potential of agricultural production on the dynamics of output is most pronounced next year, and in the future there is a decrease in the dependence of production growth rates on the structure of resource potential. The trends and features of the relationships between structural changes in the resource potential and the dynamics of output are revealed. The use of measures for the formation and use of the resource potential of agricultural production is justified for the implementation of short-term measures of state agrarian policy, the effectiveness of which will be determined by the structure of the resources used, their balance with the production needs of the agricultural sector and the need to ensure food security.
The relevance of the article lies in the fact that it answers the question of the importance of importing dairy products from Belarus to Russia. In the course of the study, the authors examined key aspects of this topic, including the largest dairy enterprises in the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation, as well as their place in the dairy market in Russia. Important calculations were carried out in the article, including an analysis of the price pressure coefficient, which is based on average prices for basic dairy products sold on the Russian market. The coefficient of Russia's dependence on Belarusian imports and the profitability of exports from Belarus were also calculated. In addition, the authors identified the main factors of competitiveness of Belarusian dairy products in comparison with their Russian counterparts, which significantly enriched the study. This allowed them to gain a deeper understanding of the market situation and conduct a more detailed SWOT analysis of the competitiveness of dairy products produced in the Russian Federation. This analysis helped to understand how Russian companies can compete with manufacturers from Belarus and other countries. At the end of the article, the authors presented recommendations for solving the identified problems that can contribute to the implementation of the food doctrine of the Russian Federation — to become a fully independent country in the field of food. The results of the study meet the objective and can be used in the development of state programs for the development of the dairy industry in Russia.
The features of the impact of climatic factors on production and economic indicators of various categories of farms, including large agricultural organizations, peasant (farm) farms and households, are considered. The main focus is on identifying the characteristics of the perception of climate risks by small business entities. The study of the request for a bottom-up adaptation mechanism will help increase the effectiveness of state support aimed at minimizing the negative consequences of climate change. The study is based on data from a sociological survey conducted in 2023 among the population of rural areas of the Saratov region, as well as on statistical information on climate risks and the dynamics of livestock in the region. The results of the study showed that climate change has a significant, but differentiated impact on agricultural production of farms engaged in livestock farming in the region, depending on their size and territorial location. Small farms, unlike large agricultural organizations, are more vulnerable to extreme weather conditions. The results of the study substantiate the need to improve regional plans for adaptation to climate change, including measures to protect agricultural producers and stimulate their participation in adaptation activities.
It is argued about the rural economy as an indispensable condition for the development of villages and rural areas. A high degree of feedback has been established between an increase in agricultural production and a decrease in the rural population in the Russian Federation. The development of agricultural and other production in rural areas should not be an obstacle to the well-being of rural areas and the quality of rural life. In many countries, the rural economy is steadily developing along with an increase in the number of rural residents. The influence of various segments of the rural economy on the state of rural areas and settlements has been revealed. Based on the conducted sociological research, the impact of various groups of economic entities on the social development of settlements and environmental improvement has been analyzed. Agricultural organizations that are not integrated into the structure of agricultural holdings have a beneficial effect on rural development, followed by peasant (farmer) farms and individual entrepreneurs in the field of agricultural production, as well as industrial, construction, trade and other enterprises that are not part of agricultural holdings. The cardinal differences in the attitude of large agribusiness and small and medium-sized forms of entrepreneurship to land and rural areas are substantiated. The axioms of the influence of rural economy and certain forms of its organization on rural development are formulated. The conclusion is drawn about the need for priority support for small and medium-sized forms of economic activity as a way to preserve and improve rural areas.
The well-being of agricultural workers is a multifaceted concept that covers not only material security, physical and psychological health, job satisfaction, social integration and the possibility of self-realization. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the need for professional growth on the well-being of agricultural workers, taking into account socio-economic, psychological and other factors, to assess existing practices and develop recommendations for the formation of effective policies in this area. The relevance of studying the relationship between the need for professional growth and the well-being of agricultural workers is due to several reasons. Firstly, in the era of technological transformations, traditional farming methods are giving way to precision farming, automation and environmental practices, which requires new competencies from workers. Secondly, agricultural labor is often associated with low social status, and professional development can increase its prestige and motivation of workers. Thirdly, uneven access to educational programs creates barriers to the realization of personnel potential, which negatively affects their well-being. The information base of the study was made up of the results of a survey conducted by the Institute of Agrarian Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences in rural areas of the Saratov Region (N = 1215). During the study, groups of skilled agricultural workers were identified, differing in the degree of expression of the need for professional growth, an analysis was conducted, as well as a comparison of their physical, financial, emotional and social well-being. As a result of the study, a set of measures was proposed that contribute not only to improving the skills of workers, but also to creating conditions for their comprehensive well-being, which is a key element of sustainable development of rural areas.
The importance of the influence of human capital on the dynamism of territorial economic development actualizes the task of developing a methodological approach to determine the degree of the latter's influence on this process. The article presents the author's methodology for assessing the efficiency of human capital utilization in the territorial-sectoral projection. Its methodological basis is the construction of relationships between changes in the value of human capital and socio-economic indicators of rural economic development. The advantage of the proposed methodology is a comprehensive approach to the study of human capital efficiency problems in the context of rural areas, which, together with the use of available and reliable statistical data, makes it possible to analyze and develop effective management decisions. The proposed methodology was tested on the statistical data of the Republic of Belarus, the interpretation of which generally allows us to ascertain the increase in the efficiency of rural human capital utilization. This is conditioned, first of all, by the increase in net socio-environmental investment, including expenditures on housing and communal services and housing construction, health care, education, physical culture, sports, culture and mass media, social policy, as well as environmental protection, formed at the level of local budgets, excluding cities of regional and district subordination. The use of such an approach allows us to form an objective picture of investment provision of human capital in the territorial context. The fluctuations of the indicators under consideration testify to the high sensitivity of the studied proportions to the value of human capital formed in the territorial-sectoral context. This circumstance not only empirically confirms the fact of intensive impact of human capital on the growth opportunities of the rural economy of the Republic of Belarus, but also forms the theoretical and methodological basis for effective management of this process.
The article focuses on such an urgent issue as the development of the vegetable market. The human diet should contain vegetables throughout the year, therefore, the primary task is to provide the population with vegetable products year-round through an optimal combination of its production, rational processing, proper storage, pre-sale preparation and timely sale. The specifics of vegetable production have a significant impact on the development of this industry, the distribution of vegetable crops across the country's regions, and the organization and efficiency of their production. This study analyzed the state of the vegetable market in the Central Federal District (disclosure by region) by main elements (production, consumption), identified positive and negative trends in production and consumption for the period 2019-2023. The "personal" capabilities of the district in ensuring food security are assessed based on the calculation of the level of self-sufficiency, the level of saturation tension and the level of sufficiency of self-sufficiency, which indicates that vegetable consumption clearly does not reach the rational norm. The main directions of expedient implementation on the vegetable market have been identified.
The article presents the forecast of the main types of agricultural products production in Russia in 2025, made in line with the methodology developed in Agrarian policy and Agro-industrial complex development department of FSBSI FRC VNIIESH. The main forecast indicators are: areas and agricultural crops yields, livestock and productivity of animals, gross production. As a result of agricultural crops yields analysis from 1980 years onwards, the multidirectional dynamics of yield changes by regions of Russia and types of crops has been established. Favorable years for grain crops are not the same for other ones. In our research the basis for determining the year’s favorability degree was the yield of grain crops, covered over 22% of the gross agricultural output and about 40% of the gross crop production output. Within the framework of the grain yield conditions and production results (outcome of conditions and results), relative indicators of variation and average square deviations are calculated, which were used to predict yield deviations by outcome (favorable, average, unfavorable). A quantitative assessment (probability) of the outcomes occurrence in Russia and in the Russian Federation regions in terms of grain yields has been determined. According to our estimates, in 2025 we should expect the implementation of the average weather year with grain production in the amount of 131.4 million tons (69% probability), a favorable year - 147 million tons (17%), an unfavorable year – 91.8 million tons (14%).
The main problems of reproduction of fixed assets of the agro-food complex of Russia on the basis of innovations, including the Siberian Federal District, are considered. Among them there is the reduction of the machine and tractor fleet at a relatively low rate of renewal, the low level of development of innovative agricultural production technologies, and the use of most of the investments to replace worn-out fixed assets and in limited quantities with the replication of new technologies. The share of innovative products in the total volume of agricultural products shipped by large and medium–sized organizations was only 3.8%, including 4.3% in animal husbandry, 3.1% in annual crop cultivation, and 5.1% in food production. At the same time, the efficiency of investments in farms engaged in innovative activities is higher than in the surveyed organizations as a whole. Capital efficiency increased by 14.3%, and employee productivity increased by 7.7%. The necessity of modernization of the material and technical base in accordance with the model of innovative development of the agro-food complex is shown. Investment priorities are substantiated based on the strategic goal of developing agriculture in the Siberian Federal District, increasing the efficiency of using the region's material, technical and land resources, and taking into account global trends in investing in agri-food systems. Investments should be aimed at increasing agricultural production based on the development of scientific and technical innovation projects and achievements of the digital economy, the creation of production facilities for the production of highly processed products, the greening of production, the introduction of "green", organic and waste-free technologies, and the expansion of socially transformative investments.