This article presents a comprehensive analysis of hybrid financing models for agrotourism in Russia, focusing on Krasnodar Krai and the Republic of Crimea, to evaluate the effectiveness of government programs and private investments. The study is based on empirical data from 2020–2023, including key indicators such as profitability, payback periods, job creation, and tourist flow dynamics. The methodological framework incorporates multivariate regression analysis, expert interviews, and a review of regulatory frameworks, ensuring a holistic approach that accounts for institutional and external factors, including sanctions and climate risks. The results demonstrate that integrating government grants, subsidies, and public-private partnerships (PPPs) with private investments significantly enhances both economic and social returns. In Krasnodar Krai, this approach achieves a profitability rate of 20.1% with a 38% share of private investments, alongside the creation of 34.7 jobs per project and a 29% increase in tourist flows. However, significant regional disparities were identified: in Crimea, project approval processes take up to 68 days due to administrative barriers and sanctions, reducing overall efficiency and hindering sectoral development. The study emphasizes the need for digitalization in financial monitoring and management, as well as optimization of regulatory and administrative frameworks to increase private investment shares to 22–25% by 2028. The practical significance of this research lies in its policy and business recommendations, which aim to enhance investment attractiveness and sustainable development of agrotourism in Russia. These findings contribute to institutional economics theory and the discourse on sustainable rural development amid global instability.
Working capital plays a key role in ensuring the sustainable development of the business entities of the agro-industrial complex. The definition of a rational volume and structure of working capital for business entities in the agricultural sector of the economy is becoming particularly relevant, since it is in agricultural entrepreneurship that working capital goes through all stages of the production and commercial cycle and is characterized by the length of the circulation period. The lack of working capital leads to disruption of the production and commercial cycle, loss of liquidity and low profit, and the surplus leads to unjustifiably excessive amounts of financing. Based on this, there is a need to review existing approaches to managing the working capital of agricultural formations in order to increase the efficiency of their activities. This article is devoted to the study of factors affecting the economic efficiency of the use of working capital by agricultural enterprises, as well as the identification of key areas for improving the management of this resource. The empirical base of the study includes a sample of 610 agricultural organizations in the Krasnodar Territory, among which special attention is paid to a group of 384 organizations applying a single agricultural tax. The authors calculated the main economic indicators of the efficiency of working capital use in agricultural formations for the period from 2020 to 2024 inclusive, with special attention paid to assessing the profitability of working capital, The dependence of the conditions of resource supply and the efficiency of working capital, the volumes of release and additional involvement of financial resources in the formation of this resource was revealed.
The indicator of "profitability" is one of the main characteristics of the activities of agricultural producers. The article analyzes the change in the profitability of agricultural producers by type of activity, depending on the subsidies received, specialization of production, expenses, taxes. It is shown that an increase in industrial processing of agricultural products at agricultural enterprises by 0.06% in revenue leads to an increase in profitability by 0.26 percentage points, which confirms the need to integrate agricultural production and processing of products in the activities of an agricultural organization. For paying organizations, the Unified Agricultural System obtained a relationship between profitability and the value of the Unified Agricultural System, which showed that a 1% increase in profitability increases tax charges by 3.246 billion rubles.
Sheep and goat breeding are sectors of the national economy that have a pronounced social and public significance. Sheep and goat breeding is an important, and in some cases the only source of such products as wool, lamb, milk, fur, the economic and social significance of which is not the same and is determined by the needs of the national economy, the possibility of production, the economic efficiency of the industry, its ability to use the natural and material and technical resources available in the country. Sheep and goat breeding remain important sources of animal protein and valuable raw materials, playing a key role in providing the population with high-quality food products and supporting the economy of regions, especially in areas with limited opportunities for other types of agricultural activity. Moreover, the development of these industries has significant export potential, allowing to increase foreign exchange earnings to the country and strengthen its position in the world market. Rational use of pasture resources, optimization of state support and adaptation to changing climatic conditions are also inextricably linked with the need for a deep and comprehensive analysis of the population of sheep and goats. Economic and political crises throughout the development of Russia have led to a significant reduction in sheep and goat breeding in the country, which has led to a reduction in the volume of production of commercial products and an increase in the cost of its production on small farms, which has led to a deterioration in the overall economic condition of the industry engaged in breeding sheep and goats. The study and assessment of the state of the livestock of sheep and goats is a multifaceted problem, the successful solution of which contributes to the stable growth of the industry, strengthening the food independence of the state, maintaining the viability of rural areas and effective adaptation to current economic, environmental and climatic realities, which makes this area of research especially important both in theoretical and practical terms.
A study of the dynamics of development of rural areas in the context of socio-economic and spatial transformations has been conducted. The authors show that the depopulation of rural areas, the aging of the population, the reduction of social infrastructure and economic stagnation require a comprehensive scientific understanding. The purpose of the study is to analyze key trends and prospects for the development of the rural settlement system in the context of the transformation of the economic space of the region. The study revealed patterns in the development of the rural settlement system of Udmurtia. The study showed geographical differentiation, marked zoning in the distribution of settlement characteristics, and the greatest socio-economic potential is concentrated in areas close to the administrative center, while peripheral areas show signs of stagnation. The demographic situation is characterized by persistent negative trends, with the majority of rural areas experiencing population decline and a decrease in population density in rural settlements. The growth of rural areas with a population of less than 200 people has been revealed, and average occupancy rates indicate a deep destruction of the traditional settlement system. The authors determined that for the balanced development of urban and rural areas, comprehensive measures are needed, including support for rural areas, their integration with urban centers, taking into account local characteristics and adapting the functions of territories in changing conditions, and support for large and medium-sized settlements as support points for growth. As a result of the study, it was found that in order to reduce excessive dependence on the regional center, it is important to strengthen peripheral centers, turning them into independent nodes of economic and social activity.
Rural areas are an important element of the regional economic system and the basis for the activities of agricultural organizations. The development of rural areas depends on the development of agricultural production. In industrial regions, especially with a developed extractive industry, agriculture is not the leading sector of the economy, but its development is of strategic importance, since agriculture provides food for the population of the region. Due to the specifics of the sectoral structure of the economy in the region, inter-sectoral competition for resources – financial, human, land and others. Agriculture is often unattractive to investors and potential workers in industrial regions. The need for a comprehensive and systematic approach to the development of rural areas of such regions is explained by the limited area of land of the agricultural population, the high degree of urbanization and the low popularity of the rural lifestyle. Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass is an example of an industrial region with a developed mining industry. The article provides an analysis of the current socio-demographic indicators of rural areas of Kuzbass. The conducted analysis showed that the rural population tends to steadily decrease, and the living conditions and standard of living in rural areas of Kuzbass are significantly worse than in cities. The analysis of the current state of agriculture in the region is presented. The factors influencing the development of the agro-industrial complex in the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass were identified based on the PESTEL-analysis. Prospective directions for the development of agriculture in the region are determined, which will contribute to the development of rural areas in the industrial region. This also will reach the potential of rural areas in the industrial region.
The purpose of scientific research is economic rationale for rural agglomeration in the context of rural development territories. As a result of the analysis of the existing domestic and foreign experience revealed that the creation of agglomerations is accompanied by various kinds of savings. Prerequisite for creating rural agglomeration is the presence of specific signs of the process agglomeration in rural areas of Kuzbass. It has been established that in currently there are no positive examples reflecting agglomeration effect in inter-municipal cooperation on the following reasons: lack of a proven control system agglomeration and its socio-economic development; not worked out legislative and regulatory frameworks governing functioning of agglomerations. To solve the identified problems, it is proposed the method for determining the agglomeration effect, which is universal, as well as a geographical model of a particular rural agglomeration. In the future, developments are required on the methodology for predicting the development of rural agglomeration based on economic and mathematical modeling, which makes it possible to choose the most acceptable option for an economic solution in order to assess the economic consequences of investment projects implemented within the rural agglomeration and the region as a whole. To create a rural agglomeration in the context of rural development, the following is required: develop a federal legislative ensuring the activities of these integrated entities; to develop methodological approach to the organization of management of socio-economic development of rural agglomerations. which are able to act as an effective tool for the development of rural areas.
The basic prerequisite for the competitiveness and sustainability of small forms of agricultural production is their transaction costs, which actualizes the study of the factors that determine them. The research is aimed at developing a hierarchical model that makes it possible to quantify the impact of the human capital of small forms of agricultural production on their transaction costs through elements of the institutional environment. The hypothesis is tested that organizational institutions, as elements of the institutional environment, determine the development of human capital in small forms of agricultural production, while having a direct impact on institutional functions that determine the formation of their transaction costs. The author's approach consists in using the hierarchy analysis method, which includes constructing a hierarchical model, matrices of pairwise comparisons of elements of each hierarchy level, determining their local priority vectors, consistency levels, global priority vectors, and choosing the best alternative option under consideration. Logistics, contractual relations and cooperation, property, reputation, trust, information, competition, digitalization, corruption were selected as the institutions-functions that determine the formation of transaction costs of small forms of agricultural production.; institutions-organizations that form their human capital – educational institutions, professional associations and cooperatives, state and local authorities, scientific and research institutions, family and social networks, financial institutions, institutes of information and communication, healthcare systems, institutions of social protection. The theoretical contribution of the research consists in the further development of the theories of transaction costs and human capital in an institutional context, demonstrating the possibility of applying multicriteria analysis in the agricultural economy. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using its results in the development of government programs and initiatives aimed at developing the agricultural sector, as well as the prospects for providing specific recommendations to small forms of agricultural production on the formation of their human capital to reduce transaction costs, which will increase their sustainability and competitiveness.
The main reason for the outflow of personnel from agriculture is the quality of workplaces. It is impossible to solve the problem of increasing it by the efforts of the agricultural producers themselves, since most of them, belonging to the subjects of medium, small and micro-business, under modern macroeconomic conditions and methods of regulating the industry, have no means for technical and technological renewal of production. It is difficult to solve the current problems with the quality of jobs with the current structure of the industry's economy. The purpose of the study is to identify organizational and economic prerequisites, directions and models for the development of agricultural service infrastructure as a factor in improving the environmental safety of workplaces. The study used general scientific (scientific abstraction, inductive, deductive, comparative analysis) and special approaches and methods. The research methodology is based on the use of systematic, comprehensive and program-targeted approaches to substantiating the prospects and models for the development of agricultural service infrastructure as a factor in improving the environmental safety of workplaces. The main areas of improving the environmental safety of workplaces and models for the formation of infrastructure to improve their quality include air pollution with greenhouse gases, pollution of the surrounding area with livestock waste, low level of mechanization of production processes and automation of labor. Based on them, organizational models have been proposed for creating an infrastructure for servicing agricultural producers related to medium, small and micro businesses, performing such functions as promoting biotechnologies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and digital solutions, recycling and deep processing of manure, technical and technological maintenance of the machine and tractor fleet, etc. The directions of changing the vector of agricultural policy, focusing on the equal development of all sectors of the economy, are justified.
In the context of modern challenges of the global economy and the need to ensure food security, digitalization of agriculture is becoming a key factor in increasing the competitiveness of the agro-industrial complex and sustainable development of the regions. The introduction of digital technologies in the agricultural sector contributes to the optimization of production processes, increasing yields and resource efficiency. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive assessment of the impact of agricultural digitalization processes on the socio–economic development of regions and the development of a methodological approach to measuring the effectiveness of the digital transformation of the agricultural sector using the example of one of the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation - the Novgorod Region. The region under study belongs to the zone of risky farming, and, therefore, is extremely interested in taking advantage of the introduction of digital tools into agro-industrial practice. The work uses methods of system analysis, statistical modeling, comparative analysis, expert assessments, as well as spatial analysis tools to assess regional differences in the level of digitalization of agriculture. The study revealed a positive correlation between the level of digitalization of the agricultural sector and indicators of regional development. The key areas of digital transformation have been identified: precision agriculture, process automation, digital management platforms, monitoring and forecasting systems. An integrated methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of digitalization has been developed, taking into account technical, economic, social and managerial effects. The proposed methodology for evaluating effectiveness can be used by regional authorities to develop strategies for the digital development of the agricultural sector.