This article discusses the general economic grounds for analyzing key provisions characterizing the potential for further development of the fisheries industry.The economics of the fishery complex and measures to modernize and intensify its market mechanisms should be inextricably considered in the context of strategic planning for the development of the entire country’s economy, and not just its sectoral level. Fisheries represent a special area of development where the technological combination of completely different types of activities and their synchronized development is of fundamental importance to achieve the goal of its existence - namely, ensuring an adequate food supply for the population while maintaining the economic accessibility of the produced product and food security in general. The methodological systematic approach used made it possible to generate theoretical and applied material for a multi-vector analysis of the specifics of the fishery complex. Consideration of this specificity led to a reasoned rejection of the legally vague concept of a complex in favor of the legally recognized status of the production industry. The major technological innovations that have already found application in the industry and/or other industries are discussed in general terms. Arguments are given for including the fishery complex in the vital economy grouping. The concept of creating a new sub-industry is being put forward - the fish gastroindustry.
The modern concept of sustainable development of agri-food systems requires the harmonization of environmental and socio-economic parameters of their functioning in conditions of increasing natural and climatic changes. The challenge of reducing carbon emissions while maintaining sustainable development is particularly challenging in the livestock sector. The goal is to solve the problem of optimizing the structure of livestock industries with a comprehensive assessment of results according to three criteria: economic (revenue from product sales), environmental (carbon footprint from all types of animals), social (integral discrepancy of per capita consumption of meat by type, milk and eggs relative to recommended medical norms). The analysis of the methodology for solving similar problems abroad showed that a large number of studies are devoted to this problem and they are carried out using the method of mathematical modeling of agri-food systems. The model developed by the authors uses the apparatus of nonlinear optimization of the livestock production structure at the national level and has an integrated modular structure. From the conducted model experiments it follows that the reduction in carbon footprint is directly due to a decrease in the number of dairy and beef cattle, as well as sheep and goats, and to a lesser extent affects the pig and poultry meat industries. These negative effects can be mitigated or compensated by improving technology and regulating the quality of the food supply.Solutions to the problem were obtained using a linear convolution of partial quality criteria for the transformation of the sectoral structure of livestock farming: income growth and compliance of consumption with medical standards at a fixed rate of greenhouse gas emissions in carbon equivalent. The multi-criteria nature of the task of low-carbon transformation of livestock farming gives rise to many Pareto-optimal strategic solutions, a significant part of which does not lead to negative effects of a socio-economic nature. Structural changes in livestock farming make it possible to reduce greenhouse gas emissions without a critical drop in producers' incomes. Further development of the model is possible by improving its information support and simulation capabilities, introducing a technological factor into the model, including a partial equilibrium module in the markets for livestock products and the emerging market of carbon units in the model.
Currently, industries of the agricultural sector are rapidly developing, which is associated with the need to ensure food security and achieve technological sovereignty of agro-industrial production. In such conditions, agricultural enterprises are forced to switch to an innovative path of development to maintain their own competitiveness and increase the efficiency of production processes. The use of modern technologies in production and organization of business processes leads to the transformation of the principles of human capital formation for the agro-industrial complex.In modern conditions, there are a number of restrictions on the development of human capital in the agro-industrial complex and rural areas, including a reduction in the rural population, an uncompetitive level of wages in the agro-industrial complex, and the low impact of digitalization processes on the rural population. At the same time, the use of innovation is a condition for the sustainable development of agricultural enterprises, and human capital is the key factor of the innovation economy. There is currently an increase in the need for innovation of agricultural organizations activities, which leads to increased demand for personnel with the necessary professional competencies from employers.The article presents a model of interaction between the main subjects of the development of the agro-industrial complex in the formation of the need for human capital in the agro-industrial complex, shows modern principles of the formation of human capital in the agro-industrial complex in the conditions of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex, and identifies the features of the transformation of requirements for human capital in the agro-industrial complex, taking into account the great challenges of the Strategy for scientific and technological development of Russian Federation.
Any system - social, economic, political is an evolving process that requires its improvement taking into account new conditions and tasks. This is a complex process that requires a deep scientific study of the decisions taken, which should ensure the achievement of positive results.Significant changes in the conditions of the system's functioning require its reform, which can produce a significant synergetic effect. In this regard, the task of reformers is to use its positive impact and minimise the negative one. At the same time, in the process of implementation of the decisions taken, if necessary, adjustments should be made to eliminate emerging problems. This is the most important function of management. Regarding the agro-industrial complex, non-compliance with this requirement leads to serious socio-economic consequences.
The article is devoted to the issues of price regulation and price relations in the agro-industrial complex in the context of the development of import substitution and technological sovereignty of the country. It is necessary to ensure the financial stability of agricultural producers and expanded reproduction, which largely depend on balanced price relations in the agro-food market. The change in price proportions in one segment of the agro-industrial complex leads to a transformation of the price system throughout the agro-food chain. The article notes that currently the regulation of price relations in the agro-industrial complex is based on two legal acts that do not cover the range of emerging problems related to the formation of the price situation in the agro-food market. The analysis of the price situation showed that over the past five years, the price increase of agricultural producers amounted to 33%, while the prices of producers of industrial goods and services purchased by agricultural organizations increased by 42%, in the food industry – by 44%, and in the consumer market – by 45%. The authors estimated the cost of agricultural products according to the main elements of material costs, which occupy a significant share in the cost structure: mineral fertilizers, fuel, electricity, feed. Recently, there has been a significant increase in spending on these resources. As a result, there was an increase in cost, and producer prices did not compensate for their rise in price and did not provide the necessary level of profitability for the main types of products, which leads to an increase in the number of low-profit and unprofitable organizations. In this regard, the authors propose to develop an organizational and economic mechanism for regulating price relations in the agro-industrial complex and consolidate it with a legal act, and add a block with financial support to the State Program.
The article presents the forecast of the main types of agricultural products production in Russia in 2024, made in line with the methodology developed in Agrarian policy and Agro-industrial complex development department of FSBSI FRC VNIIESH. The main forecast indicators are: areas and agricultural crops yields, livestock and productivity of animals, gross production. As a result of agricultural crops yields analysis from 1980 years onwards, the multidirectional dynamics of yield changes by regions of Russia and types of crops has been established. Favorable years for one agricultural crop are not the same for other ones. In our research the basis for determining the year’s favorability degree was the yield of grain crops, covered over 22% of the gross agricultural output and about 40% of the gross crop production output. Within the framework of the grain yield conditions and production results (outcome of conditions and results), relative indicators of variation and average square deviations are calculated, which were used to predict yield deviations by outcome (favorable, average, unfavorable). A quantitative assessment (probability) of the outcomes occurrence in Russia and in the Russian Federation regions in terms of grain yields has been determined. According to our estimates, in 2024 we should expect the implementation of the average weather year with grain production in the amount of 147 million tons (68% probability), a favorable year - 160 million tons (15%), an unfavorable year - 106 million tons (18%).
The work is devoted to the development of an aggregate indicator for assessing the ESG rating in the Russian agroculture. The following are considered as variables describing the dynamics of development of the region's agroculture: x1 – agricultural products, x2 – sown areas of agricultural crops, x3 – number of enterprises and organizations, x4 – investments in fixed capital, x5 – cost of fixed assets; x6 – input of fixed assets. At the first step of the work, the author develops an aggregate indicator, called by the author A-ESG, the basis of which is multidimensional scaling with the subsequent construction of radar charts and calculation of the area of the resulting figures. At the next step of the work, the author analyzes the dynamics of the A-ESG indicator for the period from 2010 to 2021, as well as correlation and regression analysis of this indicator. At the last stage of the work, the author assesses the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in meeting the requirements for sustainable development of agroculture, based on the ranking of regions according to the developed aggregate indicator A-ESG.
The article discusses the problems of intensifying the implementation of artificial intelligence systems in agriculture. The scale of the challenges and problems associated with the implementation of these systems determines the need for support and the guiding role of the state. An analysis of the goals, objectives and final results of the activities of government bodies at various levels in the process of introducing artificial intelligence systems in agriculture is presented. The goals and objectives of introducing artificial intelligence systems into the industry at the federal, regional and municipal levels of management have been established. The final results and formalization of the process of introducing artificial intelligence into agriculture are highlighted. Arguments are given about the need to regulate the implementation of artificial intelligence systems in agriculture at various levels of government. Specific recommendations are given to maximize the benefits and minimize the potential negative consequences of the process of introducing these systems into the industry.
The article is devoted to the use of digital twins in crop management. In the context of the development of the sixth technological order, data is not just a by-product of business processes, but is considered as an independent valuable asset and is a catalyst for innovation, efficiency and competitive advantages in all industries. Agricultural production generates huge amounts of data, but not only the amount of data matters, but also the potential information that can be obtained from their analysis. Collecting data on crop health, soil moisture levels and other environmental factors provides valuable information to improve the efficiency of management decisions in agricultural processes. The economic feasibility of using agrodrons to increase yield efficiency when using information from maps obtained using agrodrons is justified. Features of the digital twin model using data from agrodrons are discussed, in which it is necessary to combine all available information into a single structure, including data obtained from agrodrons. The models embedded in the digital twin allow you to save and use not only environmental conditions and data from all kinds of sensors, but also information such as equipment operating parameters, inspection and maintenance data with regular access to information about the current state of the entire system. The difficulties and barriers to the introduction of digital twins in agriculture and their features of functioning are considered. The advantages of using digital twins in crop production are presented. It has been shown that the use of agrodrons allows creating digital twins of agricultural systems of large territorial sizes and increasing the efficiency of management in crop production.
The article is devoted to monitoring the processes of formation and use of human capital in rural areas. The progressive development of the agricultural sector of the economy is possible only with the formation of high-quality human capital, the development of which is possible only with the effective functioning and accessibility of social infrastructure facilities. The level of development of social infrastructure, such as healthcare, education, transport and communication infrastructure directly depends on the quality of human capital. Improved education in rural areas can lead to improved skills for farmers, the use of new technologies and farming methods, and improved resource management practices. This can increase productivity, reduce losses and increase agricultural incomes. In addition, the development of human capital can contribute to the improvement of related agricultural industries, such as processing and processing of agricultural products, which affects the development of rural areas in general. The article analyzes the interdependence of the formation of high-quality human capital on the level of development of social infrastructure facilities on the example of the subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District. The results of monitoring of social infrastructure facilities of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic are presented. In addition, a correlation analysis of the relationship between indicators of agricultural development and rural areas was carried out.