In most developed and developing countries, rural areas occupy the bulk of the territory. As a rule, they remain outside the main focus of public policy, while having a unique endogenous potential for sustainable development. The article explores the concept of a "smart village" as a means to achieve the sustainability of rural areas. The theoretical basis of the study was made up of articles by Russian and foreign authors on this issue. Empirical sources are represented by international, supranational and national regulatory documents in the field of sustainable development, materials of specialized websites. As a result, threats, effects and prospects of sustainable rural development in the context of the Sustainable Development Agenda for the period up to 2030 are systematized. The specifics are revealed and the factors of sustainable development of rural areas are characterized. The genesis and evolution of the "smart village" concept as a new approach to sustainable rural development are investigated. Approaches to the definition of a "smart village" in regulatory documents and scientific discourse are summarized. In general, the parameters, components and technologies of the implementation of the "smart village" concept are described. A level-based dynamic conceptual model of a "smart village" is proposed, describing the structural relationships between its main parameters and components. In conclusion, it is concluded that the concept of a "smart village" can be widely used in the development of policies and development strategies aimed at increasing the sustainability of rural areas. At the same time, various forms, methods and tools used in the development and implementation of this concept require further research.
New opportunities for remote work, as well as new challenges associated with the loss of attractiveness of cities as a safe and environmentally friendly place of residence, have created a new image of the countryside as a comfortable place to relax and live. During the pandemic, the interest in rural areas was most noticeable among the urban population. As a result, the Association of the Most Beautiful Villages and Towns in Russia initiated a study of the motives and types of immigrants and it was the first stage of a sociological study. Now, more focus is given during domestic tourism, including in small territories with the beginning of the introduction of anti-Russian sanctions and the closure of many countries to Russian tourism. This facilitated the second stage of the study in order to test the results of the first stage and reveal new aspects in modern conditions. The purpose of the study was to assess the attractiveness of rural areas to attract new residents and tourists, including in settlements – members of the association of the most beautiful villages and towns in Russia, during a period of global challenges and changes. The results of the study allowed us to draw a number of conclusions, among which the following were noted: the trend for moving to rural areas for urban residents has indeed become more pronounced, but its full implementation is slowed down by the infrastructural backwardness of rural areas. The motives include ecology, space, freedom, silence, lack of information noise, and a calm rhythm of life. At the same time, the second stage allowed us to note that the ruralists and tourists interact well with the local population and administration. However, the population is not always friendly with new residents, but they are more supportive of tourists, as they believe that they contribute to the development of the territory
One of the priorities of state policy in order to ensure food security in any country is to create conditions for the development of the domestic agro-industrial complex by increasing the efficiency of crop production, breeding and seed production. The development of the seed breeding industry is impossible without effective socio-economic activities of organizations in this area, ensuring the competitiveness of domestic breeding, increasing the volume and quality of seeds and products made from them. The key place in the current issue is given to regulatory measures by the state, including legislative acts, various programs, etc., the application of which will ensure the sustainable development of agriculture, in particular the breeding and seed industry. The analysis of the specifics of foreign and domestic experience made it possible to identify the peculiarities of public administration in various countries of the world. Despite the uniform procedure for the implementation of state regulation within the EU, some countries have their own peculiarities. For example, in Germany, research organizations are engaged in obtaining seeds of higher reproductions, which are used for subsequent reproduction and distributed by state funds, in Sweden joint-stock companies are responsible for the reproduction and subsequent sale of seeds, in the USA – private seed companies, in Canada – the Seed Association, which unites breeders and seed growers and is engaged in a full seed cycle, In the Republic of Belarus, state regulation in the field of breeding and seed production is carried out by the State Seed Inspection. In Russia, the body responsible for compliance with varietal tests is the FSBI «Gossortcomission», the «Rosselkhoznadzor» is responsible for veterinary and phytosanitary supervision, active work is underway to improve legislation in the field of agriculture, so the most important areas are: seed production, traceability of land turnover, improving the efficiency of agricultural land use, the development of scientific and the human resources potential of the industry, reducing the administrative burden on seed producers and others.
The purpose of this study is to substantiate the volume of production of the main types of agricultural products to ensure food security of the Russian population by 2035 under the conditions of sanctions restrictions. The forecast was made in accordance with the methodology developed at the Federal State Budgetary Budgetary Institution FNC VNIIEKH, which takes into account a set of factors affecting the production of agricultural products and the provision of food to the population. The impact of a decrease in the supply of imported agricultural machinery on production volumes in crop production and animal husbandry is analyzed. The forecast of production of the main types of agricultural products in crop and livestock production is calculated according to two scenarios: optimistic and pessimistic. An optimistic version of the forecast assumes production of: grain over 152 million tons, sugar beet 50 million tons, sunflower 21 million tons, vegetables 18 million tons, fruits 10 million tons, livestock and poultry in live weight 22 million tons, milk 53 million tons, eggs 56 billion pieces. The pessimistic version of the forecast assumes production of: grain over 122 million tons, sugar beet 47 million tons, sunflower 16 million tons, vegetables 16 million tons, fruits 10 million tons, livestock and poultry in live weight 19 million tons, milk 36 million tons, eggs 56 billion pieces.
Food supply to the population plays an important role in the socio-economic system of any state. Being one of the basic physiological needs of a person, the provision of an individual with a sufficient amount of consumed food is one of the cornerstones of social well-being, including that subjectively felt by the population. At the same time, it is important to note that at the present stage of technological development, approaches to ensuring the sufficiency of food consumption require revision. On the one hand, the development of the biotechnological industry in many countries makes it possible to significantly increase the total volume of food production and provide people with a quantitatively sufficient and even excess amount of food. At the same time, the use of genetically modified products, trans fats, as well as cheap and low-quality raw materials such as palm oil, etc., creates a situation of significant hidden domestic social stratification. Of course, with the same calorie intake, the difference in the standard of living, social well-being and health of people who consume farm steak made from marbled beef as a source of protein, and those who replace it with cutlets made from cricket paste, will be very noticeable. There is also a significant stratification in the volume and quality of food consumed between states. These circumstances indicate the need to forecast food supply based on an integrated approach, including not only the use of economic and statistical processing of data from previous periods, but also the analysis of other indicators that influence this area. The most significant groups of factors, in our opinion, include: climatic, resource, demographic, technological and international economic. To do this, it is necessary to use foresight analysis, as well as methods for identifying weak signals, joker events and similar techniques. We believe that only a comprehensive analysis of production dynamics, taking into account the designated groups of factors, can give a fairly objective picture of the forecast for the state's food supply.
This study is devoted to solving modern problems of higher agricultural education. This is due to several circumstances. On the one hand, at present, the issue of ensuring food security is very important for our country, and it is the agricultural sector that is the basis for ensuring it. Modern trends in the development of the agro-industrial complex largely determine the competencies that graduates of agricultural universities should own, and the model of agricultural education should be formed in an inextricable relationship with the model of ensuring economic security. This is due to the fact that geopolitical processes and sanctions pressure are unpredictable in terms of the duration of the course. On the other hand, a persistent stereotype has developed in society that agriculture is not interesting, not fashionable; there is little innovation in it. And accordingly, young people are reluctant to study and work in this industry. However, modern agriculture is a very innovative and exciting activity. The purpose of the study is to identify the development vectors of higher agrarian education based on the analysis of modern agricultural development trends, and to propose an optimal sustainable model of an agrarian university that meets the current economic conditions. The article structurally contains a brief literary review on the problems of higher agrarian education and the transformation of agricultural production. Modern development trends characteristic of the agro-industrial complex of Russia have been identified and analyzed, the needs of the agro-industrial industry in personnel have been analyzed, and the level of digitalization of agriculture has been assessed. Key areas for the modernization of higher education were identified and the author’s model of an agricultural university with a dynamic organizational structure in the system of kaizen transformations was developed. The article is aimed at managers in the fields of higher agricultural education and agricultural production, responsible for the transformation of this industry, as well as for all researchers of the problems of higher education.
In accordance with the legal requirements, livestock agricultural organizations are obliged to have at least two organic effluent accumulators on the balance sheet and store manure for up to 12 months, depending on its origin (cattle, pork) and fraction (solid, liquid). The management of agricultural organizations, by building and operating a larger number of storage devices, but with a smaller specific (and total) capacity, has the opportunity to obtain significant savings on capital and subsequent current operating costs. The discounted value of the designated costs is the economic effect received by the agricultural organization. Savings on capital expenditures are achieved due to the fact that they are mainly based on earthworks, which are (conditionally) variable expenses in their economic essence. The construction of a larger number of storage units with a smaller dedicated capacity significantly expands the possibilities of operational management of the formation and distribution of organic effluents, significantly reducing the likelihood of penalties from the controlling authorities (Rosprirodnadzor).
The economy as an institutional system function thanks to a built-in mechanism that ensures optimal decision-making and implementation according to specified criteria. In this regard, all changes in the system and the external environment require adjustment of the economic mechanism. The article considers its conceptual model for the sectoral economy of the fisheries complex in the conditions of the political and economic sanctions that have fallen on Russia. As a promising way out of the current situation, a proposal is made to use the opportunities for the formation of locally integrated markets - to begin with, in the innovation sphere, which is gaining key importance in ensuring the scientific and technical sovereignty of the country. In constructive terms, the development of organizational forms of the economic mechanism is considered and the implementation of cluster policy is considered in relatively detail. Specific recommendations are made for their implementation in the practice of managing the complex of the fisheries industry.
The modern agricultural sector of the Russian economy is characterized by low wages relative to most other industries and types of economic activity. For dynamically developing domestic agribusiness, there is a need to develop scientific and methodological approaches to justify the costs of paying employees, allowing them to provide them with a decent level of wages while maintaining the profitability of business entities. This article demonstrates the results of a comprehensive analysis of the influence of the share of labor costs in the total costs of farmers on the earnings of employees. A comparative assessment of the efficiency of using labor costs in agricultural organizations and farms is provided. Using the example of the Saratov region, the author's methodological approaches to substantiating at the regional level the standard for the minimum share of costs for wages of employees in the structure of total expenses of farms are demonstrated. The obtained results of groupings of individual enterprise Head of peasant farm inregion by the size of the average monthly wage and by the share of labor costs in the structure of total expenses clearly demonstrate the reasons for the low level of wages of farmers. In order to ensure a decent level of wages for employees, the authors have developed and proposed for use an algorithm for planning labor costs on farms, taking into account the minimum share of labor costs established at the regional level in the structure of the total expenses of an economic entity.
The article considers agricultural cooperation as one of the key forms of management in agriculture in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Highlighted problems which hindering the development of agricultural cooperation. Presented analysis of the current state of agricultural cooperatives according to the main indicators. Particular attention is paid to state support, in particular, for agricultural consumer cooperatives. About a third of the financial resources of the state program for the development of agriculture in the republic is directed to the development and support of agricultural cooperation, in particular consumer cooperation - a quarter of the allocated funds. This makes the development of agricultural cooperation the main tool to support small forms of management in rural areas, which in turn leads to the fact that the development of agricultural cooperation is the main tool to support agriculture. This comes from the fact that in Yakutia there is a relatively high proportion of the rural population and an atypical structure of agricultural production, where the production of small forms of management strongly predominates over the production of agricultural organizations and is generally ahead of other indicators. Therefore, this is a formal role, but in fact, agricultural consumer cooperation has literally become a measure for providing state support and fulfills this role, pushing the very essence of cooperation somewhere into the background, as evidenced by a small share of participation in agriculture, without taking into account the amount of allocated funds.