This study is devoted to solving modern problems of the agricultural sphere of Russia. This is due to the fact that the economy of the agrarian sphere of our country currently requires new approaches and tools for its transformation. This was served by the economic relations that have changed in recent years, the strengthening of the influence of geopolitical factors, the development of digital technologies, online trading platforms. In such conditions, trust has become the most important factor in successful business, and should be the basis of a new economic model for the agricultural sector. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of the agro-industrial complex, the features of the functioning of the trust economy model, determine fundamentally new approaches to the development of this industry, and form a model of a symbiotic economy for the agricultural sector, based on a system of universal implementation of imitation of natural processes. The article contains a brief analysis of modern trends in the development of the agricultural sector. The main institutional elements of the confidence economy are highlighted, and their relationship is shown. A typology of symbiotic economics models is described. Disclosed is a mechanism for using biomimicry, which makes it possible to simulate natural mechanisms and algorithms in all processes of economic activity, synchronizing the agricultural economy with the laws of nature. An author's model of a symbiotic economy for the agricultural sector has been developed, built on the principles of mutual trust between all its participants. By introducing symbiotic relationships and biomimicry principles into the phases of the cyclical system of agro-industrial production, we get a completely new partnership based on trust, mutually beneficial, modern technologies, rational use of natural resources, and harmonious development of the agricultural sector. The article is aimed at managers and practitioners-economists in the fields of agricultural production, as well as at researchers and students in these areas.
The purpose of the article is to develop a concept, describe the mechanism and a comprehensive economic assessment of a pilot project for the introduction of a digital platform for predictive management in the regional agro-industrial complex, aimed at overcoming these problems. The hypothesis of the present study is the assertion that the use of a digital platform as a predictive management tool in the regional agro-industrial complex makes it possible to overcome the restraining factors affecting the development of the industry. Results. The authors proposed a classification of the stages of formation and development of the tools of the basic digital platform of agroanalytics. The analysis of the formation and development of the tools of the basic digital platform of agroanalytics allowed the authors to propose the concept of a digital platform containing promising modules for agribusiness on the example of grain production. The article presents the development and economic justification of a practical project to introduce a digital platform for agro-analytics to improve the forecasting and planning system in the regional agro-industrial complex. The project is seen as a response to the identified shortcomings of traditional forecasting methods and systemic restrictions, primarily logistical bottlenecks that hinder the realization of export potential. On the example of the Krasnodar Territory - a key agrarian and export region - the concept, architecture (modules for predicting yields based on artificial intelligence and logistic optimization), implementation stages and organizational and financial mechanism of implementation are described in detail. The conclusion is formulated that the introduction of such digital solutions is not a technological experiment, but an economically feasible tool for the transition to a predictive management model that forms synergistic institutional, personnel and technological effects to increase the competitiveness of the regional agro-industrial complex.
In this paper, the author evaluates production patterns for the main segments of the agro-industrial complex, namely, meat, milk, and grain production per capita, both in Russia as a whole and in individual federal districts. An analysis over long periods reveals multidirectional dynamics in changes in per capita agricultural production volumes across Russian regions. For example, a long-term positive development trend can almost always be discerned in production volumes, while the Southern, Siberian, and Ural Federal Districts are characterized by stationarity in the production volumes of certain products. The author also conducts a comparative analysis of changes in the dynamics of these productions during the Soviet, post-Soviet, and modern stages of agro-industrial complex development. The trends identified in the paper show the highest per capita agricultural production volumes during the Soviet period from 1961 to 1990; a decrease in production volumes of all agricultural products under consideration between 1991 and 2005; and an increase in the rate of meat and grain production since 2006. The time series assessment tools presented in the model allow us not only to track the dynamics of changes in per capita production volumes, which underlies the assessment of Russia's food security, but also to evaluate the agricultural sector's response to the state's policy of supporting the agro-industrial complex.
The intensification of sanctions pressure and the growth of foreign trade restrictions increase the vulnerability of the Russian agro-industrial complex (AIC). This necessitates a quantitative assessment of technological sovereignty, considering the complex inter-industry linkages and high import dependence in a number of key segments. The aim of the study is to develop a methodological approach for assessing the AIC's technological sovereignty based on input-output analysis. This approach allows for identifying vulnerable elements of production chains and evaluating the resilience of final consumption to external shocks. The methodology employs an input-output table with explicit accounting for imports. A matrix of output sensitivity to changes in imports was constructed, and a system of quantitative indicators was developed, including intra-industry import dependency, sensitivity of industries to a general import restriction, and the impact of specific imported products on the aggregate output of the AIC. Scenario modeling of import reduction and production increase was conducted. To assess technological sovereignty, intra-industry import dependency was evaluated. The highest values of this relative indicator were found in the production of agricultural raw materials, the tobacco industry, the production of oils and fats, and dairy products. The highest sensitivity to a general import restriction is characteristic of agriculture, the oil and fat sector, meat products, and feed. Scenario modeling revealed that a 10% reduction in imports without an increase in domestic production reduces final consumption by up to –5.74% (processed vegetables and fruits), –3.01% (feed), and –2.62% (oils and fats). A 5% increase in domestic output compensates for the decline in a number of segments; however, technologically complex industries remain vulnerable. The proposed methodology enables the identification of critical vulnerability points within the AIC, provides a quantitative assessment of risks to technological sovereignty, and forms evidence-based priorities for import substitution and state support for the agro-industrial complex.
The article discusses the scientific and practical aspects of the formation of conditions for the implementation of mechanisms of state support for the subjects of the agro-industrial complex. The central place in the article is given to the study of the features of the provision of state support measures to agricultural enterprises, taking into account the use of the tool «Agreement on increasing competitiveness». Within the framework of the implementation of the Program for increasing competitiveness in the agricultural sector, it is advisable to develop the most effective methods of control and regulation of agricultural enterprises. At the same time, in order to obtain a preferential or investment loan within the framework of the use of the tool «Agreement on increasing competitiveness», sectoral enterprises must develop and periodically evaluate key performance indicators. According to the authors, the key indicators of the effectiveness of state support measures include both quantitative and qualitative assessment indicators: the amount of the need for an investment loan; the volume of agricultural products; the minimum volume of agricultural products; the amount of investment costs; and the risk of financial liability. In this regard, the article presents an algorithm for calculating the indicators of the effectiveness of preferential lending under the Agreements on Increasing Competitiveness.
In the context of the global imbalance of the global agri-food market and the increasing sanctions pressure from Western countries on the Russian agricultural sector, the issues of finding the most effective "growth points" of the agricultural export are becoming relevant. The change of marginal drivers in the global food market towards oilseeds necessitates the development and justification of forecast parameters for the development of the domestic market of oilseeds and fat-and-oil products (using the example of the sunflower oil market) in the system of international economic relations in order to form the most effective mechanisms for their regulation in the context of current trends. The article presents a forecast of the gross harvest of oilseeds, developed on the basis of trend modeling methods, which made it possible to substantiate the target scenario for the development of the domestic oilseed market, suggesting an improvement in natural and climatic conditions in the south of the country, the presence of foreign breeders on the seed market, improvement of technologies for growing export-oriented crops such as rapeseed and soybeans, an increase in the share of oilseeds in the structure of crop rotations, including through new territories, the development of logistical links, maintaining existing barriers to customs and tariff regulation. Based on the balances of sunflower and sunflower oil food resources, in combination with trend and simulation modeling methods, a target forecast scenario for the development of the sunflower oil market in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 has been developed, indicating the presence of its significant export potential and resource provision. The forecast of sunflower oil exports is calculated and justified taking into account the volume of domestic consumption, as well as the capacity of the global sunflower oil market. Potential sales markets are identified based on an assessment of prospective consumer demand, the level of export and import prices in target markets, and instruments of customs and tariff regulation.
The purpose of the study is to identify leading enterprises, perform a comprehensive assessment of economic indicators as a result of modernization and commissioning of fixed assets of pig farms, and justify the prospects of investment, using an original methodology for justifying investment projects. Pig farming is a capital-intensive industry, requiring a large amount of specialized equipment, buildings for housing animals, storing feed, etc. The practice of operating modern large pig-breeding complexes shows that achieving high work results depends on the most efficient use of the fixed production assets available to the enterprise: buildings, machinery and equipment, the totality of which forms the technical potential of production. A methodological approach has been developed to substantiate the feasibility of reconstructing and constructing new pig-breeding complexes. This approach consists of interconnected stages that, based on a comprehensive analysis, allow for the diagnosis of current production development trends, the calculation of the investment attractiveness of non-current assets, the generation of integrated indicators for substantiating priority areas for the technological development of fixed assets, and the forecasting of modernization results based on a polynomial construction method. The leaders in the production of pigs for slaughter in live weight in the Saratov region are large pig-breeding complexes LLC "Svinokompleks Khvalynsky" of the Engels district (an operating enterprise), JSC "Agrokompleks Kalininsky" of the Kalinin district (a new enterprise). The profitability of the region's pig farming industry demonstrated positive dynamics and amounted to 28.1% in 2023. Reimbursement of funds for reconstruction in a functioning enterprise and in new construction at the expense of accumulated depreciation amounted to 63.00% and 24.38%, respectively. Investment in the development of pig farming is characterized by a high degree of investment attractiveness on average over the period of project implementation. The results of the comparison of the integrated indicators of “capacity” and “effectiveness” of capital investments indicate the main priorities for increasing the efficiency of using production potential. A key priority for the development of pig farming at the federal and regional levels is the choice of direction for industrialization of the industry: reconstruction for the purpose of modernization or construction of a new enterprise. The proposed approach can be adapted for any constituent entity of the Russian Federation based on the specifics of the industry.
The agro-industrial complex, being one of the key sectors of the Russian Federation's economy, requires constant modernization and improvement to achieve sustainable development goals. The practical implementation of the principles of economic growth, social justice, and environmental sustainability can be achieved through a cluster approach, which allows for the creation of synergistic effects of interaction, ensuring economic growth and development. However, in the modern realities of the digital age, sustainable development is impossible without sufficient information support for the activities of agricultural machinery clusters, allowing them to demonstrate the progress achieved and their commitment to achieving ESG goals, improve business processes, ensure information transparency, attract new partners, and support the brand and image. The author supplemented the methodology with a scoring system for evaluating the information support of clusters, which made it possible to comprehensively compare clusters with each other. The objects of the study were the National industrial cluster of agricultural machinery manufacturing (Rostov region), the Agricultural machinery manufacturing cluster (Tambov region), and the agricultural machinery manufacturing cluster (Omsk region). Analysis of the information support for the sustainable development of agricultural machinery clusters showed that, despite the presence of a developed production base and stable cooperative ties, the clusters remain underrepresented.
The problems of sustainable rural development and the stable development of the agricultural sector, as the main condition for ensuring food security, have been discussed by scientists over the past decades. Concepts, programs, a Rural development Strategy, and a Food security Doctrine have been developed, but problems remain and need to be addressed, and the regulatory framework for sustainable development needs to be adjusted. However, it is impossible to adjust rural policy without defining a spatial development strategy, taking into account the resource potential and other regional characteristics of rural areas. The rural territories of the Republic of Kalmykia, where the majority of the region's population lives, are the basis for agricultural production. Agricultural production is a leading industry and plays a significant role in the development of rural areas, which determined the focus of our research. The authors present the results of a spatial and sectoral analysis of destructive factors in the development of rural areas in the region, according to which strategic directions for the sustainable development of socio-ecological and economic systems are identified. Pilot agricultural enterprises have been identified, for which the level of financial risks and the degree of sustainability have been considered. The conducted studies of socio –ecological and economic systems of rural territories allowed the authors to propose approaches to improve the spatial organization of rural territories in order to ensure food security.
Using the Republic of Buryatia as a case study, this article analyzes current challenges in the development of the agro-industrial complex and rural areas. Acute social and personnel problems in the development of agriculture and rural territories are linked to a decline in the rural population due to natural decrease and the outmigration of young, active residents. Constraints of a natural-environmental, economic, and infrastructural nature also exist. The study employs institutional and statistical methods. The information base includes government reports, documents, and materials of the Republic of Buryatia available in the public domain, as well as the authors' own research findings. The article presents the experience of the Republic of Buryatia in diversifying the rural economy through the development of rural tourism, considering changes in the regulatory framework and the impact of federal and regional state support measures. Additional sources for diversifying the rural economy and increasing employment in rural areas are examined, specifically through the implementation of the "Far Eastern Hectare" program. The studied experience of the Republic confirms the diversification focus of its regional policy for developing the rural economy, supporting farming, and alternative forms of employment and self-employment. However, it is concluded that under conditions of prioritized resource concentration to improve the living environment in key (anchor) settlements at the regional level, a differentiated approach is necessary to stimulate the diversification of the rural economy through the non-agricultural sector in rural territories not included in the list of key settlements. The research contributes to the literature by analyzing the potential and additional tools for diversifying the rural economy and increasing rural employment. This contributes to the generalization of experience and critical understanding of current trends in the sustainable development of rural territories.