An analysis of the cost indicators of agricultural production (in the whole industry, crop production and animal husbandry) for the period 2000-2024 showed the presence of an upward linear trend in the development of indicators and the absence of cyclical fluctuations. Crop production developed at a faster pace, with output increasing by an average of 10.9% per year in actual prices and by 2.9% per year in comparable prices in 2000. During the period under review, livestock production increased by an average of 10.9% per year in actual prices and by 1.9% per year in comparable prices in 2000. In the industry as a whole, on average, over the period 2000-2024, the value of products grew by 10.9% per year in actual prices and by 2.5% per year in comparable prices in 2000. The smallest approximation errors in predicting the cost of production were given by the Holt double exponential smoothing and LSTM network models: for crop production, respectively, 5.7% and 3.9%; for livestock, 1.3% and 0.98%. The forecasts averaged over both models gave the following values for agricultural production volumes in 2025-2027, subject to the preservation of prices in 2024 and trends in the period 2000-2024: in 2025, the industry as a whole – 9200.5 billion rubles, in crop production – 4854.5 billion rubles, in livestock – 4346 billion rubles; in 2026, in the industry as a whole – 9370.6 billion rubles, for crop production – 4958 billion rubles, for livestock – 4412.6 billion rubles; in 2027, for the industry as a whole – 9533.2 billion rubles, for crop production – 5050.6 billion rubles, for livestock – 4482.6 billion rubles.
The aim of the study is to systematize current methods for assessing the economic efficiency of the best available food and agri-biotechnologies in domestic and international science and practice. The research applies methods of comparative analysis, systematization, and critical evaluation of scientific publications focused on the economic and environmental effectiveness of best available technologies (BAT). A classification-based approach was also employed to identify and group methods according to their orientation and application area. The empirical base includes regulatory documents, in particular, methodological guidelines for identifying technologies as BAT, national standards (GOST), and scientific publications on biotechnology, precision agriculture, organic waste processing, alternative protein sources, and more. The study examines methods such as investment feasibility analysis, life cycle environmental impact assessment, life cycle costing, multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), stochastic analysis, cluster analysis, among others. The findings demonstrate that integration of several methods enables assessment of both the financial and environmental viability of technology adoption. For example, in the case of cultivated meat, key indicators include both unit production cost and carbon footprint, which necessitates a shift from narrow economic assessment to eco-efficiency evaluation. The use of stochastic frontier analysis and clustering methods reveals that differences in farm efficiency are influenced not only by technology type, but also by the degree of its adoption. Overall, the systematization of methods for evaluating the efficiency of BAT indicates a clear trend toward transitioning from isolated economic indicators to comprehensive, data-driven approaches that combine economic and environmental metrics and validate results through empirical evidence.
The article examines the problem of regional convergence of production and economic indicators in Russia's dairy farming sector, using data from 80 regions over the period 2010-2024. The study proposes to consider convergence as an indicator of sustainable development in agriculture. The aim of the work is to test hypotheses about the presence of convergence for three key industry indicators: milk yield per cow, profitability of milk production, and wages in livestock farming. Additionally, the study analyzes trends in regional redistribution of milk production to identify signs of polarization or sustainable development. The convergence analysis was conducted using σ- and β-convergence assessment methods. Quintile analysis was applied to evaluate the dynamics of milk production across groups of regions ranked by the studied indicators. For wages and profitability, both β- and σ-convergence were confirmed. However, milk productivity showed β- and σ-divergence, meaning the gap between leading and lagging regions increased over time. The convergence in wages and profitability reflects the influence of market mechanisms, while the productivity divergence calls for targeted policies to reduce technological gaps. Milk production growth varies across quintiles depending on the ranking indicator: for profitability and wages, it is more balanced, indicating catch-up development in weaker regions, whereas productivity shows polarization favoring leading regions. The results suggest the need for differentiated support measures for agricultural producers to ensure sustainable development. The convergence of key agricultural indicators is proposed to be included in the monitoring system of the State Agricultural Development Program to assess its effectiveness.
Milk and dairy products are a key type of agricultural product, which is a source of animal fat and protein. An analysis of the dynamics of milk production and consumption revealed a deficit of this type of raw material, which limits the level of domestic consumption and entails a change in the structure of sources for meeting the need for milk and dairy products. An assessment of the influence of first-order factors made it possible to establish that the growth in milk production volumes is ensured by an increase in the milk productivity of cows while reducing their number. The increase in the intensity of milk production entailed an increase in its cost and the average industry price. At the same time, the rate of consumer inflation for dairy products in 2024 remained lower than the average for food products in general by 6.0 percentage points. It was established that during 2019-2023, the efficiency of raw milk production exceeds the efficiency of its processing, as evidenced by the dynamics of the profitability level. The profitability of drinking milk in 2024 exceeded the profitability of pasteurized drinking milk by 5.6 percentage points. and was 4.6 times higher than the profitability of milk of varying degrees of processing. Analysis of the dynamics of state support for hammer cattle farming by type shows its increase by 4.1 times over the period 2015-2024. The growth occurred due to an increase in support for investment activity by 7.9 times and support for operating activities by 3.0 times. The projected growth in the volume of state support in 2025 will be 0.7%.
The analysis of the dynamics of livestock and domestic production of cattle meat was carried out and Russia's contribution to the global output of this type of product was determined. The influence of the transformations of beef cattle breeding on the level of meat supply to the population, including the quality and balance of diets in the country, has been established. The current trends in the development of the livestock sub-sector under consideration are analyzed, taking into account the economic, technological and environmental conditions of production in countries with a fairly large population, arable land and cattle. A comparison of productivity indicators has been carried out and the features of production technologies in beef cattle breeding in these countries have been established, taking into account the actual availability of land and biological resources. A methodological approach to comparing the productivity of arable land and natural pastures in countries located in different climatic conditions of cattle meat production is proposed, and the author's estimates of the land potential of Russian beef cattle breeding are given. A comparative analysis of the market conditions for the development of this sub-sector in the leading countries has been performed, taking into account the difference in per capita consumption and price conditions for meat of different types. The analysis of the distribution of beef cattle in Russia has been carried out and recommendations for the development of meat clusters in the country have been given. The results obtained in the course of the study are compared with the results of research in a similar subject area published in Russian periodicals.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the state of bast crop production in the Russian Federation for the period 2014-2025. A review of foreign countries leading in the cultivation of flax and industrial hemp has been conducted. In 2024, there was an increase in the number of regions growing bast crops in Russia. Most of them showed an increase in acreage compared to the previous year. In the whole country, the area of long-lived flax increased by 11.8%, oilseed flax by 18.7%, and hemp by 39.5% over the year. During the period under review, there was a dramatic increase in acreage under oilseed flax and industrial hemp. In general, the area occupied by long-standing crops tended to decrease, with slight increases in 2015 and 2020. In 2024, compared with 2023, the gross harvest of flax fiber increased by 30%, and industrial hemp by 70%. The increase in acreage under oilseed flax led to an increase in the estimated gross fiber harvest by 18.4%. The annual increase in prices for technological equipment in 2024-25 amounted to 15%. From 2014 to 2024, the price of battered flax increased 4.7 times, short flax 4 times, and hemp of the same type 2.3 times. For the development of the industry, modernization of the processing base, a revision of subsidies in favor of quality, deep processing and a solution to the personnel issue are needed. Foreign countries demonstrate successful examples of the integration of bast crops into production chains, which contributes to the development of environmentally friendly building materials, the textile industry and the food industry.
In the context of global economic changes and the need to transition to sustainable development of the agricultural sector, human capital management is becoming a key factor in improving the efficiency and competitiveness of agriculture. The result of the study was an assessment of the human capital management system in the agricultural ecosystem of the Republic of Tatarstan. The authors have identified the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and risks of the current human capital management system of the Republic of Tatarstan. The article presents the main directions of improving the human capital management system - the introduction of new technologies and digital solutions in agricultural production; the development of education, infrastructure of life in rural settlements, cooperation between the state, science, education and agricultural enterprises; the use of rural opportunities of nearby industrial centers, the formation of programs to attract labor capital from nearby regions. The application of the proposed recommendations will ensure the improvement of working conditions and increase the social sustainability of the agricultural ecosystem of the Republic of Tatarstan.
The incorporation of nations into the BRICS+ international association is driven by a multifaceted rationale, encompassing not only political and economic considerations, but also the objective of implementing consensus solutions within the realm of environmental affairs. A central concern is the development of a unified system of decision-making and implementation within the context of climate change regulation. The accumulated experience of individual countries in implementing climate projects may become a prerequisite for the successful dissemination of appropriate technologies and methods of climate project management among all BRICS+ participants and, in particular, in Russia. The objective of this article is twofold: first, to provide a concise overview of the leading BRICS+ countries' experiences in implementing agro-climatic projects; and second, to identify the opportunities and barriers to the dissemination of these projects throughout the BRICS+ countries, with a particular focus on Russia. The objective of the present study is twofold: firstly, to identify the characteristic features of agro-climatic projects, and secondly, to generalize the experience of the BRICS+ countries and identify the prospects and barriers to their development in Russia. The article demonstrates the role of the BRICS+ countries in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in agriculture, identifies the leading emitting countries, and recognizes the leaders in the implementation of agro-climatic projects, which primarily include China, India, and Brazil. Despite the limited experience in implementing agro-climatic projects in Russia, opportunities exist to draw from the experience of BRICS+ countries in implementing coordinated policies and developing infrastructure for effective technology and knowledge dissemination. The article under scrutiny herein underscores the following salient points:
Scientific support to the development of the Agro-Industrial Complex is provided by various research institutions and their activities are evaluated using bibliometric indicators reflecting the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the effectiveness of scientific research. The effectiveness of scientific activity at 216 agricultural research institutions was studied by the publication activity of the organization, the availability of databases of staff publications on the websites of research institutions, information on inventions and patents. There is information on research activity on the websites of 156 scientific organizations of the agro-industrial complex, and there are 84 websites with data on scientific publications. The bibliometric indicators were analyzed for 78 organizations, as many research institutions are branches or separate subdivisions of a superior institution and have a less informative website. The largest number of publications (9092) and the highest citation impact were noted in the Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (28604). Full texts of scientific papers of the staff are available on the websites of 46 research institutions, 38 research institutions publish scientific journals and provide open access to them on the website. The patent documents are posted on the websites of 49 research institutions.
The production of competitive products and the building of agricultural potential are largely determined by the availability of optimal regional sectoral specialization based on the rational division of labor, taking into account the available land, labor and production resources. Priority development should be given to those industries with the most favorable bioclimatic potential. The optimal combination and selection of industries in the regions, in accordance with the use of favorable natural, climatic and economic conditions, with the advanced development of the leading industry, ensure a significant increase in the profitability of the entire agricultural production. Agricultural production in the Siberian Federal District is aimed at implementing the main principle of agrarian policy - ensuring the country's food security and import substitution of agricultural products and foodstuffs. The main food resources of Siberia that contribute to national security are grain and its processed products; meat of livestock and poultry; milk and dairy products; potatoes and vegetables. The solution of the tasks assigned to the agro-industrial complex largely depends on the priorities chosen and measures of state support.