The article analyzes the technical condition of domestic agriculture and the renewal trend of the machine and tractor fleet. The multidirectional characteristics of the availability and updating of the main types of agricultural machinery are determined. The subject of the study was the development of economic relations between agricultural enterprises and the industry of its technical support, as well as a system of government incentives aimed at intensifying this interaction. The article presents the theoretical justification and significance of inter-industry economic relations as a factor affecting the development of the national economy as a whole. The subject of research in inter-industry relations was the economic interconnection of the agricultural sector and other areas of the domestic economy in the process of technical modernization. The authors proposed a model of the system of economic relations in the process of technical support of the agricultural sector and determined the role of the state in solving this issue. According to the results of the study, 4 blocks of the development of economic relations of the agro-industrial complex with other sectors were identified in the framework of technical support for agricultural production. The results of state measures aimed at the technical modernization of agriculture are analyzed, the economic benefits of agricultural producers are revealed within the framework of the four blocks of economic relations considered. It was determined that state support for the technical re-equipment of agriculture at the federal level is provided through the engineering industry, the banking sector, and the state leasing company. The main studies were conducted on the example of the Rostov region, as one of the leaders in agricultural production in Russia, characterized by a high level of renewal of the machinery and tractor fleet of agriculture. The conclusions obtained as part of the work on this article can be used at macro- and mesoscale levels of state administration of technical support for the agricultural sector in the system of development of intersectoral economic relations.
The study deals with practical examples of the relationship between technology management and other subsystems in a single enterprise management system: cost and business result management systems, production processes, divisions, personnel. Each direction is described on the basis of the action of certain control elements, such as targeting, planning, regulation, organization, coordination, motivation and control. It has been concluded that technology management is at the forefront of the enterprise management system. The efficiency of an enterprise is largely determined by establishing active relationships between the different management subsystems in order to communicate the individual objectives of each subsystem with those of the organization. On the basis of the conclusions, proposals were formulated for large agricultural enterprises: granting the heads of structural subdivisions joint powers, multilateral responsibilities and responsibilities; Enterprise technology should be adapted to market and local conditions; Give units a degree of autonomy and responsibility to meet technology requirements.
The article is devoted to the theory and practice of forming a system of relations in the agro industrial complex, their study and modeling. In modern difficult socio-economic conditions, it is necessary to identify trends and directions of the strategic development of the agro-industrial complex, highlighting the most significant of them. Since the agro-industrial complex is a weakly structured not only economic, but also a social system, to analyze the processes and phenomena occurring in it, there are not enough generally accepted standard methods of cognition. It is necessary, along with economic-mathematical and other scientific methods, to apply the cognitive approach. For these purposes, it is proposed to build cognitive models and schemes with the definition of directions and types of relationships that are developing directly in the agro-industrial complex, as well as with other structures that interact with it: government, research, financial, other. In Addition, it is advisable to take into account that the system of relations is not limited to relations between subjects, but also includes the relations of subjects to objects of ownership, labour resources, and the results of labour throughout the chain: production, distribution, exchange and consumption of tangible and intangible good in the AIC system. Further it is necessary to highlight the most important areas of relationship formation, modeling them both expertly and using assessment indicators to identify the weakest elements of the system and developing adjustment methods, thus ensuring the prospective development of the agro-industrial complex.
In the article, the author identified problems and prospects for the creation of high-tech dairy processing enterprises at various stages of economic development of the region, in terms of the need to finance them, both at the regional and federal levels, taking into account public-private partnership. Today, in the context of the crisis, the development of the agro-industrial complex depended to a large extent on State support. At the same time, state support for dairy processing facilities is practically not provided, and dairy processing enterprises fully carry out their production and financial activities without state financing and are forced to seek an investor independently, attract "from outside" taking into account changing factors of the external environment at various stages of economic development of the region.
Animal husbandry is one of the labour-intensive industries that provides not only food, but is the main source of raw materials for the processing industry. The prospects for its development are largely determined by the state of the material and technical base. The current state of the industry shows that it needs radical modernization, which can be carried out on the basis of new knowledge and scientific achievements of domestic and world science and practice. Without such measures and actions, improving production efficiency and addressing food security issues are problematic. Currently, the use of information and digital technologies in agricultural production is becoming relevant. Agriculture itself is a nature-dependent and conservative industry, but this does not mean that it is impossible to use digital technologies in the industry. Practice shows that enterprises that use such technologies quickly achieve success, which becomes long-term. Now the industry is only at the beginning and further development of agriculture, including livestock, without information and digital technologies is impossible. The article on the example of a separate peasant farm shows what results can be achieved and what prospects are associated with the use of information and digital technologies. At the same time, the further development of the industry largely depends on state support, protection of the domestic market from imported products, and the implementation of protectionist policies. These measures are needed now to consolidate and consolidate the recent achievements. The article shows what role the initial support of the state for private initiative can play through cooperation on the basis of public-private partnership.
Abnormal weather conditions in the form of excess moisture have led to a decrease in the volume of coarse feed harvesting in a number of regions of Russia. The purpose of the study is to determine the amount of lost income on the example of enterprises of the Republic of Komi, and to develop the methodology of its calculation. The proposed methodology provides a real assessment of the threat of income loss, allows developing and applying measures of additional support for agricultural enterprises and peasant-farm farms. The calculation is based on the average annual data on the production of coarse fodders by enterprises in the region. Reduction of production volumes and reduction of feed quality lead to loss of income, which does not allow carrying out extended reproduction. Lack of timely state support leads to reduction of livestock and jobs, limitation of investment opportunities of enterprises. Therefore, when justifying the amount of lost income, it is necessary to take into account the specialization of farms and the established level of prices for their products.
To forecast midterm possibilities of increasing agricultural production due to the involvement of unused arable land in agricultural production, authors studied changes in the volume of land resources involved in this production from 1990 to 2017. Special attention was paid to regional aspects. To determine the potential increase in agricultural production, the usability indicators for land use in agriculture were taken as the basis. As a result, assumptions were made about the possible directions of the development of agricultural land use at the regional level with the implementation of the extensive method of farming throughout the country and the involvement of unused arable land into agricultural production with the current intensity of agricultural technologies. The calculations show that in general in the Russian Federation, the use of the available land potential through the involvement of old arable lands in agricultural production, preserving the current ratio of the crop and livestock industries, the structure of cultivated areas and the level of management, may increase agricultural production by 30‰. In regions with favourable agro-climatic conditions, growth might be up to 12‰. In regions with low agro-climatic potential and located far from large markets for agricultural products, agricultural production can be increased many fold, 2-3 times or more. A group of regions with 30‰ or more of the highly productive lands of the first and second class has the potential to increase the production of crop and livestock by 35-55‰. Moreover, regions with a large proportion of valuable productive lands of 1-4 classes are able to increase production by 30-80‰.
The dynamic economy of the agro-industrial complex does not always show good results in terms of social efficiency, in particular, the level of wages and the purchasing power of the rural population. This contributes to an increase in social tensions in the countryside, the search for work, which is different from the sphere of the agro-industrial complex, which creates certain personnel tensions in the countryside. This aggravates the fact that the level of wages in agriculture is 35‰ less than in the whole economy. Moreover, the proportion of the poor in the countryside is several times higher than in the city. All this significantly affects the purchasing power of the rural population. Over the past 7 years, the purchasing power of the population has decreased in such products as beef, by 2.4 kg, drinking milk by 38.5 kg, cottage cheese by 25 kg, sunflower oil by 10 kg, butter by 27.9 kg, and wheat flour by 14.6 kg per month. The situation with the consumption of basic foodstuffs in rural households is more prosaic. The dynamics of the consumption of basic foodstuffs by rural households are not stable for products such as bread, potatoes, sugar and confectionery. Obviously, this can be explained by potato production in rural households and baking bread from purchased flour. The consumption of bread products decreased by 17 kg or 12.5‰, the consumption of potatoes decreased by 30 kg or almost 30‰ compared to 2005, in quantitative terms. Thus, despite an increase in nominal monetary incomes, both in the economy as a whole and in rural areas, a decrease in the purchasing power of the population is observed.
The article provides an assessment of the level of implementation of the development of agro-food exports in Russia and a comparison of the parameters of the current forecasts with the current indicators of implementation of national projects. A retrospective review of the quantitative parameters of scenarios and forecasts of the development of Russian exports of agro-food products in state planning documents and proposed by domestic researchers was carried out from the point of view of their correlation with the established goals of the state agro-food policy. The quality of forecasts in indicative planning of agro-food exports and in the period of transition to program-targeted planning in 2018 was evaluated. The analysis of trends in the volume of agro-industrial exports was carried out, including the construction of a general trend model for 2001-2018, the testing of the hypothesis on the uniformity of the sample and the presence of the point of intervention of the time series in 2010 and the extrapolated for the period up to 2024. The trust limits of the export forecast do not include the target value specified by the national project passport. An analysis of the intensity of change and concentration of the structure of agro-food exports was carried out, including a retrospective analysis for 2001-2017 and an estimate of the forecast change of the structure by commodity groups in 2024. Using the Ryabtsev coefficient, the presence of more intensive and significant target structural changes in 2024 was proved, Compared to actual changes in the periods 2001-2009 and 2011-2017. That the target diversification of agro-food exports in 2024, estimated using the Herfindal-Hirschman index, exceeds the values achieved in 2001-2017 due to the concentration of grain exports.
The article addressed the reasons for the economic growth of agriculture from 1999 to 2000, as compared to industry and the economy as a whole. The main method of research is analysis of scientific data. In 2000-2017, the production growth rate in industry, according to the Russian Statistical Agency, was generally lower than the growth rate in agriculture and, in particular, lower than the growth rate in production in agricultural organizations, despite fluctuations in natural and climatic conditions. While, in general, the principle of minimum economic interference in the post-Soviet period were used by the Government in agriculture? This economic policy of the State was significantly differed from policy towards other industries. Agriculture was one of the few industries to introduce credit subsidies in the early 2000s. Agricultural producers are exempt from income taxes, and VAT on agricultural products was set at 10‰. For agriculture since 2006 there has been a national project on agro-industrial complex, as well as two successive state development programs with the volume of financing of about 200 billion roubles in the period 2013-2018. It is shown that this advance is mainly related with some facts. 1) The investments at affordable prices were relatively more affordable due to government subsidies. 2) More efficient technologies were more accessible to manufacturers. 3) Tax burden was lower. 4) Elasticity of food demand by income is higher. 5) Imports sharply reduced in 2013-2014 as a result of devaluation of the Russian rouble. 6) Agro-industrial integration started to develop. 7) The agrarian policies were more effective than state macroeconomic and industrial policies.