The study was initiated to analyze the characteristics of the functioning of the market and the relations between participants within the marketing chains, as well as the possibilities and limitations of the honey production system in a typical area of the Belgorod region - Valuisky urban district. The main focus of the study is aimed at determining the structure of costs and profitability of production, analyzing the determinants of honey supply, identifying the main restrictions on the supply of goods to the market, assessing the effectiveness of the structure of marketing in the study area. Analysis of distribution channels showed a very short honey route. A significant amount of it is sent directly from producers to consumers (about 40‰). Based on the results of the study, measures are recommended to increase the inventory of produced honey through the development of a cooperative system and marketing management of small business relationships with other market participants.
The article is devoted to the problems of formation of prices and price relations in the agri-food market of Russia and the development of proposals for their improvement. The authors analyzed the dynamics of prices of the food chain in the markets of sunflower oil and oilseeds, sugar, cereals, milk and dairy products, meat. At the end of 2020, the price situation in the Russian agri-food market began to deteriorate, which was largely due to rising prices on world food markets and a decline in the national currency. High monthly increases in producer prices in agriculture were noted for cereals, sunflower seeds and sugar beet, which led to an increase in producer prices in the food industry. It is noted that over the five-year period, the growth in prices of agricultural producers was significantly less than the growth in other sub-sectors of the agro-industrial complex and retail trade. With the growth of consumer prices for food in 2020, there was a decrease in the real monetary income of the population by 3.5‰. These negative factors have a significant impact on the level of well-being and economic accessibility of certain types of food products for the population. The Government of the Russian Federation adopted a number of legal acts providing for measures aimed at stabilizing the price situation in the agri-food market. With the help of these solutions, the growth of prices was slowed down. The authors emphasize that it is necessary to develop and implement a system of permanent mechanisms, and not to be limited only to situational applied measures to stabilize the price situation. This system should be based on the improvement of price relations between various areas of the agro-industrial complex, foreign and domestic trade.
Official criteria and indicators of food security, primarily indicators of food sovereignty and economic availability of food, are important for realizing the export potential of the agro-industrial complex without compromising food self-sufficiency. The paper calculates the level of food self-sufficiency for certain types of agricultural products and food on the basis of updated balance of food resources. The economic availability of certain types of food is estimated. The possibility of a formal increase in the values of food self-sufficiency indicators due to a decrease in food consumption in the country against the background of export growth is revealed. In this circumstance, it is a formal reduction in the index of economic access to food due to lack of relevant products in the domestic market, regardless of the level of prices and incomes. It is proved that in the Doctrine of Food Security, it is advisable to fix the need to maintain the economic availability of food while realizing the export potential of the agro-industrial complex. When assessing the level of food self-sufficiency, it is advisable to focus not on the actual consumption of certain types of food, but on the maximum of actual and rational consumption. Calculations of the level of food self-sufficiency with grain, potatoes, milk, meat, fish, vegetables, fruits, eggs, sugar and vegetable oil carried out according to the updated methodology.
The scientific review article describes the general and specific features of rural construction that distinguish it from other branches of the agro-industrial complex. The special role of rural construction in the socio – economic development of rural areas is noted. A brief historical sketch of the stages of development of rural construction is given. The methodological foundations of scientific research in relation to practical activities in the field of rural construction are presented. The article shows the foreign experience of contract management in various methods of construction organization. Special attention is paid to the development of contract management in rural construction in the Russian Federation. A comparative analysis of agency relations in the civil legislation of different countries, depending on the types of contractual activities, is carried out. The methodology of methodological analysis of contract management in rural construction is proposed. The need for the introduction of digital technologies in the conclusion of electronic contracts in various sectors of the agro-industrial complex, including in rural construction, as well as retraining of personnel in higher educational institutions under the educational program "contract manager" is indicated. The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 20 – 110 - 50266
The purpose of the work is to build models for the development of the system of land relations in agriculture. The task of the research was to substantiate the methods, techniques, methods, tools that ensure the consistent construction of functional and structural institutional models. A modular-trigger system is proposed that allows implementing a multicriteria approach to assessing the use of lands from agricultural land by affiliation, types, and compliance with land legislation. Ineffective participants in land relations, lack of clarity in the implementation of control, incentive measures, the need to create a single governing body were identified based on the materials of the activities of agricultural organizations of the Saratov region for 2015–2019. The functional institutional model of the development of the system of land relations in agriculture includes subjects, a verifier, a management core, describes direct and feedback links between elements, is focused on obtaining structured information about the current situation and trends in land use, electronic interaction between government authorities and agricultural organizations. The structural institutional model is supplemented by the interaction of subdivisions of the Department of Land Relations in Agriculture at the regional and district levels with the territorial bodies and departments of the Ministry of Agriculture, Rosprirodnadzor, Rosselkhoznadzor, Rosstat, and Rosreestr. The calculation of the coefficient of economic efficiency is formalized as the ratio of the number of effective agricultural land users to their total number, the scope of its variation is established with the specification of each range. According to the results of the analysis of land use of agricultural organizations in the Saratov region, the least effective micro zone was determined – the Zapadnaya one. The practical significance lies in assessing the predictive efficiency of the core of the model for the development of the system of land relations in agriculture. It has been established that in the Saratov region, the coefficient of agricultural land use efficiency can be 0.24 (an acceptable level).
The modern factors of instability and uncertainty in the economy are aggravated the problem of unexamined mechanism of program and target management in agriculture. The absence of territorial and sectoral division of labour the principles is a one of its problems. An attempt to solve this problem was the development of a Strategy for the spatial development of the Russian Federation until 2025, which is identifying agro-industrial centres in particular. There is no methodological basis for determining the agro-industrial centre in this strategic planning document. The global financial crisis, caused by the combination of the coronavirus pandemic and the growing geopolitical confrontation, has created a real threat of reducing the volume of state support for the industry and investment in it. The current situation requires finding ways to improve the economic efficiency of agricultural production. This determines the relevance of the topic of the scientific article aimed at developing an index of strategic development of agriculture, which will allow identifying an agro-industrial centre characterized by a high level of economic efficiency of production. The study was conducted on the example of the Central Macroregion. The purpose of the study is to develop an index of strategic development of agriculture, which should become a methodology for determining the agro-industrial centre, its economic justification. This goal was achieved through the use of the economic and statistical method of scientific research. The main attention in the formation of the strategic development index is paid to the problem of intensification of agricultural production, which was not solved during the Soviet Union, and it remains urgent to this day. On the basis of the conducted research, it is proved that the role of the agro-industrial centre is claimed by the Oryol region. The results obtained are not only of scientific importance, improving the methodology for assessing the development of agriculture and identifying the agro-industrial centre, but also of practical significance. The strategic development index can be used in the implementation of agricultural planning at different levels of management, ranging from an individual economic entity to the region and the entire country as a whole.
The sovereignty of the State and the effectiveness of agricultural production were largely due to the state of the crop industry. The development of the industry directly depends on the level of use of resources and the capabilities of agribusiness. The intensification of crop production, which ensures sustainable growth of yields, resource saving and environmental safety, needs to increase funding and involve state support for plant protection events in the Mehanism in order to adjust the conditions for growing crops, improve grain quality, preserve and increase soil fertility. The article describes the features of subsidizing grain production in the Novosibirsk region, plant protection products. Subsidies are provided to livestock organizations, their level is directly proportional to the amount of mother stock of cattle of the dairy direction of productivity. A mechanism for forming a subsidy, a methodology for calculating it taking into account the greening of production, has been proposed and justified. This approach will allow using budget funds to a significant number of agricultural producers; ensure the legal disposal of pesticide packagings; stimulates the manufacturer to use biological means of plant protection. At the same time, the risks associated with the negative impact of chemical means of plant protection on the environment are leveled. This approach to the organization of subsidies will make it possible to supplant the unreasonable use of chemical means of plant protection, to target the agricultural producer to change biological means against the same spectrum of pathogens. Compensation payments will make it possible to use the means of plant protection against pests of cereals to a larger number of agricultural producers, which will increase both in quantitative and qualitative terms, and will increase the competitiveness of the industry both in the domestic and foreign markets.
The authors emphasize the need to develop the integration in seed production to create other scientific, technological and innovation-investment processes. The article pays special attention to the current results in seed production, which are relatively modest compared to foreign colleagues. In Russia, the development of integration processes in seed production has the form of local interaction. The system works for negative growth, both in terms of seed quality and quantity. The modern development of integration processes in the domestic industry of the agro-industrial complex is an integral system and a rather complex mechanism of interaction. Agrarian enterprises and agricultural producers are trying to enter into integration ties, while risks may arise due to a certain specificity of the agricultural sector. Agrarian enterprises in their activities consider it necessary to maintain their stable income; this is due to the availability of a raw material base, competitiveness and the presence of sales markets. All of this, to a large extent, creates the necessary conditions for the implementation of the formation of strong integration processes in the agro-industrial complex and interaction between its subjects. The authors propose considering the development of integration processes from the standpoint of strengthening government support measures and creating joint selection-genetic and selection-seed-growing centres with countries with similar climatic conditions based on research institutes and agricultural universities.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the export results for 2018-2020 by group of products of animal and plant origin. In the period 2016-2020 the volume of the ex-port increased by 16.8‰, and the share of exports of food products and agricultural raw materials increased by 3 percentage points. The main commodity export groups are "frozen fish" (54.7‰) and "cereals" (81‰). An analysis of the relationship between the production of crop and animal products and the export of products of plant and animal origin shows a differentiation in the placement of agricultural producers and exporters. Based on an analysis of exporters of plant and animal products, it had been concluded that export operations were carried out primarily by intermediaries rather than agricultural producers. An analysis of the placement of exporters of plant and animal products showed advantages in sales in the border regions. The price advantages of export of deep processing products are shown. The use of export promotion measures, as well as the Government's proposed damping mechanism, will help to increase export volumes and create a basis for sustained export growth in the future.
In the article, the difficulties in meeting the strategic guidelines for innovative agricultural development, recorded in a number of State programmes, were explained by the insufficient consideration of the social component of the factors of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex and the high level of poverty of the rural population. The timeliness of consideration of these factors is dictated by the strategic task set by the President of Russia to reduce poverty in the country. By presidential decree, overcoming poverty is recognized as one of the main social problems of Russia. The first in the list of national goals is: preservation of the population, health and well-being of people. One of the main criteria for achieving this is to reduce poverty by half by 2030 compared to 2017. The aim of the presented study is to update the preservation of the population in rural areas, determine the level of rural poverty, identify the peculiarities of the impact of social problems of the village on the innovative potential of the regions, and evaluate the role of state participation in the processes under consideration. Based on the information of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, logical and statistical analysis and synthesis of data was carried out, the poverty level among rural residents in the regions of Russia was calculated, which in the whole country reaches 25.4‰. An assessment of the level of organizational and methodological development of the mechanisms for the implementation of some documents that affect the reduction of the poor among the rural population and the transition of agriculture to an innovative development path was given. Measures are proposed to reduce rural poverty as an essential condition for the modernization of the rural economy and the transition to innovative development of agribusiness.