The most dynamic element of the constantly changing structure of the country's economy is small business. The importance of small businesses in the agricultural sector of the economy is difficult to overestimate, in particular: small entrepreneurship forms a competitive environment, contributes to the flexibility of the market economy, and solves the problems of employment of the population. For the successful functioning of the enterprise in the market, assessing its competitiveness is an objective necessity. Currently, for the successful functioning of an enterprise in the market, the assessment of its competitiveness is an objective necessity. The article is devoted to the substantiation of the management mechanisms and tools necessary to ensure the effective development of small businesses in the agricultural sector and the growth of their competitiveness. The main characteristics of small business entities in the agro-industrial complex, the problems of their development and advantages in comparison with large enterprises are determined. Trends in the development of small forms of farming in rural areas are described, and the reasons for quantitative and structural changes in their totality are clarified. The economic potential and the main results of the activities of small businesses in the production and sale of agricultural products are analyzed. The conditions and main directions of successful development of small businesses in rural areas are defined. Based on the results of the research, a set of proposals has been developed, the practical implementation of which will improve the efficiency of managing the development of agricultural business entities at the national, regional and local levels
Over recent years Russian agri-food complex increases production of goods and their export. Production system of the national agri-food complex in the investment and innovative development is inferior to the leading countries of the world and maintains dependency on the import of technologies and production means. This determines the simulation character of the innovative activity, while western companies introduce the advanced technologies. In order to reduce the lag, we need a transfer to the accelerated development. Nowadays, the integrated structures possess the largest investment and innovative potential of development in the production system of agri-food complex. At the same time, production system of agri-food complex in comparison with other production systems is the most regionally focused. This is due to the fact that the significant part of manufactured goods is sent to the regional consumer market. In the process of its production the local materials, labour, land and other natural resources are used, including the territories. Therefore, activity of the economic entities of agri-food complexes has great influence on the development of the territories of the production location. Traditionally, local enterprises of agri-food system take part in the development of the social infrastructure of rural settlements. However, the interests of the integrated structures, especially interregional and federal, often don’t coincide with the interests of the society and other participants of production system. In its turn, forming of attractive conditions for the business, market potential, purchasing power of the population and stability of production system functioning depend on the social and economic development of the region. At the same time, activity of integrated structures contributed to the strengthening of the united economic space inside the country, saturation of national food market, strengthen competitive positions of the agri-food complex production system.
The article considers the involvement of legislative, by-laws and regulations, in particular, in the agricultural sector of the country's economy, including the sectoral aspect, as the basis of the state scientific and technical policy and the principles of its implementation, aimed at the innovative development of the country. Why: the provisions contained in separate documents concerning the development of agricultural sectors have been clarified: the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and Regulation of Markets for Agricultural Products, Raw Materials and Food for 2013-2020, the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture for 2017 - 2025, the Subprogram «Development of breeding and seed production of potatoes in the Russian Federation», Subprogram «Development of selection and seed-growing of sugar beet in the Russian Federation» Program «Creation of domestic competitive cross meat chickens to produce broilers», Subprogram «Development of the production of feeds and feed additives for animals», the Departmental target program «Ensuring the General conditions of the functioning of the branches of agro-industrial complex», the Departmental target program «Scientific and technical support for the development of agro-industries», draft Concept for the development of innovative activities in the agro-industrial complex of Russia.
The issue of developing strategic agricultural planning, which today is associated with solving fundamentally new tasks in the field of food security of the country aimed at ensuring rational consumption standards, is considered. The situation is complicated by the unprecedented pressure of various challenges and threats on the development of the industry and production. Scientists recommend looking for an exit out of it based on a more complete use of the competitive advantages of the agricultural activities of the regions. The author proposes to emphasize those strategic advantages, the intensification of which allows ensuring the production of agricultural products more cost-effective for producers and cheaper and better for consumers. For these purposes, the author has improved the methodology, the essence of which is a comprehensive assessment of the competitive advantages of the regions, their participation in the formation of physical and economic accessibility of products and the optimization on this basis of the structure of location of agricultural production, the volume of which at the federal level is pre-linked with rational consumption standards by type of products. The methodology becomes an effective tool for supporting strategic decisions on the territorial planning of the industry.
The complexity of determining the effectiveness of the information systems is that, firstly, the results of information systems do not always receive economic expression and, secondly, it is not always easy to single out the result of the influence of the information system on the result of the “metasystem” for which the information system is intended and created. Three classes of information systems have been identified: 1) systems of an economic nature, that is, those when the result of a metasystem can be measured by cost indicators (revenue, turnover, profit, etc.); 2) systems of a non-economic nature, when the result of the metasystem cannot be measured by cost indicators; 3) mixed systems. Relevant examples are provided for systems in agriculture and rural development. Further, information systems of an economic nature are subdivided into two subclasses, depending on whether their result can be distinguished from the general economic result of the metasystem or not. For economic systems of the first subclass, the well-known indicators for evaluating an investment project are applicable. For economic systems of the second subclass, a method of comparable assortment and comparable prices is proposed, and the corresponding formulas are given. For systems of a non-economic nature, where the results cannot be measured by economic indicators, but can be measured by a single effective indicator (or summarized into a single indicator using weights), the calculation of efficiency is proposed, that is, the value of the indicator of the results obtained per unit of cost. For systems of a non-economic nature, it is proposed to use the indicator of technical efficiency, which is understood as the ratio of the achieved results to the planned or maximum possible results of the given system at the given costs. The paper describes such methods for assessing technical efficiency as the "data envelopment analysis" and "the method of stochastic frontier production function".
Based on previous research, this article shows the promising markets for innovative technologies and products produced with their help for the Russian grain industry. The implementation of priority areas of scientific and technological development of domestic grain production will lead to the formation of the following markets: organic grain with a capacity of about $10 billion by 2022, agrobiotechnologies - $13.5 billion by 2024, precision farming technologies-25.7 by 2025, Russian elite seeds-5.4 by 2026, "package solutions" - 20 by 2028, big data-5 by 2028. and phytomeliorative technologies-17 by 2030, the markets are the link between the field of research and development and their commercialization and implementation in the production of grain crops. To enter these markets, appropriate mechanisms are needed to manage research and development in the industry, commercialize and implement technologies in grain production. Promising areas of commercialization and implementation of these technologies are the creation of new business models in the selection of grain crops; the development of a "digital foundation" for the digitalization of the industry; introduction of new "package" solutions to the market (agrochemistry + seeds with varietal technology + digital platforms) and stimulating demand for agrobiotechnologies. The implementation of the proposed tools will speed up the process of commercialization and introduction of advanced scientific developments into the production of grain crops, and eliminate the gap between science and business in the industry.
This article discusses the issues of increasing the economic efficiency of the functioning of the sub-branch of dairy cattle breeding in the Belgorod region. As you know, the sub-industry of dairy cattle breeding is involved in the implementation of the Food Security Doctrine in terms of providing the population with milk and dairy products. Unfortunately, until now, the sub-industry of dairy cattle breeding provides less than 50‰ of the needs of the Russian population for milk and its processed products. In this regard, the successful experience of the functioning of the sub-industry of dairy cattle breeding can be useful in a number of regions of Russia. It should be said that the sub-industry of dairy cattle breeding is characterized by a long production cycle, which makes it unattractive for investors and, in this regard, requires significant volumes of government support. In addition, the sub-industry depends on a significant number of non-material factors, including those related to the exploitation of the labour force, animal diseases, etc., which are difficult to account for and predict. This, in turn, determines a number of risks and threats to which dairy farming is exposed. Such risks and threats require increased attention of the state, which in practice does not always happen, and the volume of state support is not stable and not sufficient for the introduction of new technologies and our country becoming a leader in milk production. The article examines the trends associated with the structure of costs for milk production, the use of labour and material and technical resources, the formation of financial resources in the sub-industry of dairy cattle breeding, etc.
The consumption of milk and dairy products by the population of the Siberian Federal District, as well as in the Russian Federation as a whole, has been steadily declining over the past years. You can look at this problem from different points of view. Usually, this problem is considered from the point of view of the activity of dairy cattle breeding, the inability of domestic production to fully provide dairy products to the population of the country. However, based on the data of Rosstat, even the presence of sufficient volumes of the product (whether through import or own production) does not guarantee the growth of its consumption. On the other hand, this problem can be considered from the point of view of the availability of this food product for the population of the territory. Since even approximately the same retail prices for dairy products do not yet speak about the equal purchasing power of the population of the region. The authors consider another factor (indicator) related to the availability of the product for the population – the amount of income of the population of the regions. The method of correlation dependence of these factors on the indicator of consumption of milk and dairy products by the population of the Siberian Federal District was applied.
The article presents an assessment of the state of dairy farming in the Arkhangelsk region. The positive dynamics of the growth of dairy productivity of cows in agricultural enterprises of all forms of ownership of the region is revealed, but at the same time there is a decrease in the profitability of the dairy industry. The main reason lies in the ill-considered actions of the management of a number of agricultural enterprises when making a decision on the replacement of domestic breeds with imported ones. The analysis showed that all previously achieved results in dairy farming have significantly decreased, with the exception of productivity growth: the yield of calves per 100 cows from 92 heads fell to 67-70 heads, the production use of cows decreased from 5.6 calving to 2.1 calving, the protein content in milk decreased from 3.3 to 3.0 ‰, the introduction of heifers into the main herd increased from 27‰ to 50 ‰, the cost of 1 litre of milk increased to the purchase price by processors. Two possible options for dairy farming are shown: crossbreeding of the Holmogorsky breed with the Holstein breed at a blood content of 75 ‰ and complete absorption of the Holmogorsky breed of the Holstein. The purpose of the research was to determine the economic feasibility of dairy farming in the farms of the Arkhangelsk region with the replacement of domestic breeds with imported ones.
Currently, in rural areas of Russia, there is a difficult socio-economic situation: low income compared to the city, unemployment, poor condition or lack of social and household infrastructure. This situation has led to a deterioration in demographic indicators – a decline in the birth rate, an increase in mortality and migration outflow of the population. Insufficient knowledge of the impact of socio-economic factors on the demographic development of rural areas, as well as the high scientific and practical significance of the development and implementation of models of socio - demographic development in rural areas served as the basis for the study. Modeling of the socio-demographic development of rural areas will help identify the factors that are most important for these processes, and with the help of competent management decisions, level out their impact on the situation in the villages of the region. The aim of the study is to develop a simulation model of the socio-demographic development of rural areas. The theoretical, methodological and information base of the research was made up of the works of domestic and foreign scientists devoted to various aspects of socio-economic and demographic development in rural areas, data from Rosstat, materials of the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation and the Volga regions, federal, regional and municipal regulations, programs. The simulation of socio-demographic processes in rural areas of the Saratov region, taking into account the differentiation of socio-economic factors that affect the increase in the birth rate and the decrease in the death rate, was performed in the Ithink application using the Statistica package for constructing regression equations. The original model showed a decrease in the population by 41 thousand people over 7 years. Changing factors such as the average per capita income and the number of objects with stationary sources of pollution in accordance with the current regulatory documents of the region, allowed us to simulate a situation in which the birth rate will increase and the mortality rate will decrease, which will slow down the rate of population decline.