It was revealed that an important factor influencing the attraction and retention of young specialists in the agricultural sector is the level of income. At the same time, the current state support measures are not able to attract young and ambitious specialists to the agricultural sector. In this connection, it is proposed to improve the existing methodological approach to attracting and retaining employees. It is based on the payment of a differentiated lump sum in the form of "lifting" for young professionals. On the basis of establishing differentiated payments, municipal districts are divided into groups, depending on the ratio of the average wage in the agricultural sector to the subsistence minimum.
In modern conditions, the development of agriculture depends on various factors. The most important factors affecting agricultural production are unmanageable by humans despite the development of science, technology and technology. The purpose of the work is to identify the systemic factors of agricultural development that ensure the priority of the industry, and the degree of their influence on agricultural production. The article presents an analysis of the system factors that influence the location, specialization of agriculture and the optimal size of agricultural organizations and, in general, the economy of the industry. The organizational and economic conditions of agricultural development are revealed. The article proves that the process of automation, digitalization, introduction of scientific and technological progress to solve the problem of managing the system factors of agriculture, unfortunately, is impossible. Therefore, the dependence of agricultural production on natural factors remains.
The Siberian Federal District (SFD) is the largest grain producer in Russia. The conducted research of the grain market revealed a number of organizational and economic problems that have a negative impact on its development. The solution to the problems is seen in the improvement of the organizational and economic mechanism of the functioning of the grain market of the Siberian Federal District. The conditions for the development of the grain market of the SFD are defined, as well as the fundamental regulatory documents regulating it are indicated. The purpose and main tasks, priority directions of development of the grain complex and the grain market in the SFD, the projected production and export volumes until 2025 are defined. The necessity of improving the organizational and economic mechanism of functioning of the grain market of the SFD is justified. The role of the state in the functioning of the agri-food market is determined, and the main levers of the state's influence on the grain market are presented. It is noted that an important direction of the organizational and economic mechanism is the application of the program-target approach. Organizational and economic measures aimed at the development of the grain market of the Siberian Federal District, stimulating supply and demand, regulating prices, developing competition in the grain market, creating conditions for the development of infrastructure, interregional and interstate food relations, and the use of marketing are proposed.
The development of agricultural organizations in the Novosibirsk region, despite a number of positive trends in crop and livestock production, is characterized by a decrease in the efficiency of activities. With an improvement in quality indicators, a decrease in the efficiency of agricultural production may be associated with problems of financial management and the activities of the organization as a whole. Internal control is one of the most important management functions of an economic entity, and its weak organization can have a negative impact on all aspects of the organization's functioning. To study the state of the internal control system, agricultural organizations specializing in the production of poultry products and organizations specializing in the production of grain, milk and meat were selected. The reason for choosing these organizations for the study was the opportunity to analyze the features of the formation of the internal control system, taking into account the size and specialization of the organization. The studied organizations have management problems that hinder development, reduce the efficiency of sales, financial and other aspects of activities, which predetermined the construction of a risk-oriented system that would improve the efficiency of internal control. The aim of the study is to develop directions for improving the internal control system in agricultural organizations. The article discusses the theoretical foundations of the formation of an internal control system in agricultural organizations and presents a set of its elements, reflecting the specifics of functioning. The current practice of forming an internal control system in agricultural organizations of the Novosibirsk region is assessed. The problems of functioning of the internal control system in agricultural organizations are revealed and the directions of their solution are determined. A methodology for the formation of a risk-oriented internal control system for agricultural organizations has been developed.
In the conditions of unstable economic relations and constantly changing external conditions, the primary task of the state was and remains – the health of the nation. This task is solved through a number of directions, one of which is to ensure conditions in which the population has all the opportunities to meet their needs for basic food in the amount not lower than the recommended norms. This important task was set for the regions. The main focus was on increasing production volumes. The authors considered this problem from the point of view of the availability of these food products to the population, based on their monetary income. The study was conducted in several stages: the study of a number of indicators for the district and the identification of the most significant, comparing them using correlation analysis. As a result of the obtained data, we can conclude that the dominant influence of the standard of living of the population of the region (the average per capita monetary income of the population) on the level of food consumption. Indicators of the necessary per capita monetary income of the population to ensure consumption not lower than the recommended norms for each region of the Siberian Federal District were calculated.
The branch of agriculture is almost the only one of all branches that provides the population of the country with food. The country's food security depends on its effective development. Therefore, it is contrary to common sense to adopt some laws and regulations on the bankruptcy of agricultural organizations. During the reform period in agriculture, half of the farms went bankrupt, which significantly affected the decline in agricultural production. In this regard, it is necessary to ensure the bank-free functioning of agricultural organizations. Measures to improve the health of organizations should come to the fore. There are external and internal mechanisms for improving the health of agricultural organizations. Of particular importance is the pricing system for both agricultural products and the material and technical means supplied to it. Other areas for improving the efficiency of agricultural enterprises may include irrigation systems, increasing fertility, and agricultural risk insurance.
Potatoes and vegetables are important food items for humans. The current production volumes of these products do not meet the needs of residents of the Siberian regions in accordance with the recommended medical standards. The lack of its own vegetable products and potatoes is covered by imports from countries near and far abroad, but the incoming products are not always of proper quality in terms of the content of nitrates, pesticides and other harmful elements, which can harm the health of the population. The situation needs to change, namely, it is necessary to increase the consumption of vegetables and potatoes to the level of the recommended physiological norms of consumption, while providing the population with useful, high-quality products. The article considers the current state of vegetable and potato production in the Siberian Federal District for 2015-2020. The comparison of the fund of consumption and production of vegetables and potatoes is made. Studies have shown that most of the production is concentrated in the personal subsidiary farms of the population, which distinguishes our country and the Siberian regions in particular from developed countries. In our opinion, for the sustainable development of vegetable and potato growing in the region, achieving food independence for vegetables and potatoes in the Siberian Federal District, it is necessary to increase the production of these products in large agricultural organizations, which will increase the commercial production of vegetables and potatoes of proper quality. To do this, it is necessary to actively introduce innovative technologies for the production and processing of vegetables and potatoes, to bring new knowledge to agricultural producers. It is important to revive domestic seed production in order to provide the industries with high-quality seeds of vegetable crops and potatoes adapted to local conditions, which will allow achieving import substitution.
The article suggests that the assessment of the scientific and technological development of grain production should be based on the efficiency of the use of production factors: labour, capital, land. Indicators – productivity, capital productivity, productivity-allow you to evaluate the resulting efficiency when introducing new technologies into production. It is shown that the accelerated scientific and technological development of the industry is possible only with high (above the average industry) efficiency indicators of all factors of grain production at the same time. In Russia, this is achieved only in the Southern Federal District. Based on the analysis, it was revealed that in the grain industry of our country there is an increase in the innovative activity of farms in the form of an increase in the cost of technological innovations by more than 6 times in 5 years, an increase in the share of organizations engaged in technological innovations in crop production – by 2 times and the level of innovative activity of organizations engaged in crop production by 14.3‰. Despite the positive dynamics in many indicators of scientific and technological development of the industry, there are a number of problems that hinder it: a low level of innovative activity of agricultural producers; insufficient amounts of mineral and organic fertilizers; underdevelopment of the Russian seed market; lack of highly qualified specialists able to work with modern information technologies in grain production and scientists in the field of agricultural sciences; high cost of grain production. Promising areas of scientific and technological development of the grain industry are the creation of new business models in the selection of grain crops; the development of a " digital foundation "for the digitalization of the industry; the introduction of new" package " solutions to the market (agrochemistry + seeds with varietal technology + digital platforms) and stimulating demand for agrobiotechnologies.
In agriculture, chemical plant protection products are actively used, which can reduce the level of harmfulness of various pathogens, increase the yield, quality and competitiveness of crop production in the domestic and global markets. Pesticides are packed in containers made of materials that ensure the safety of products and prevent the possibility of environmental pollution at all stages of the circulation of these products. Waste from chemicals belongs to the 3rd and 4th hazard classes, so their disposal is increasingly concerned about the general public, is reflected in various regulatory documents. The responsibility for disposal lies with the manufacturer of chemical products and their consumer. However, currently in the Novosibirsk region, according to the results of the survey, most of the packaging is not disposed of legally, which threatens environmental safety. This area requires increased funding and involvement in the mechanism of state support for plant protection measures in order to adjust the growing conditions of agricultural crops, improve the quality of grain, preserve and increase soil fertility. A system of plant protection waste disposal is proposed, which consists of a chain: agribusiness-operator-utilizer. The agricultural producer prepares the container, the operator provides the collection, the utilizer processes it into finished products. The State regulates and coordinates the activities of the system participants. This approach will ensure the legal disposal of containers to agricultural producers, eliminate the possibility of reusing waste of 5-11 hazard classes, smooth out the negative impact of waste on the environment, and create additional jobs in rural areas.
The article is devoted to the study of the phenomena and processes that determined the development of the rural Non-Black Earth Region in the conditions of a planned, transitional and market economy. The purpose of the study is to assess the results of the implementation of the agricultural development program in the Non-Black Earth Region for 1974-1990. (Programs), establish their impact on transformational changes in the period from entering the market to the present day and determine the likely directions for the development of the situation in the future. Research methodology is statistical analysis of the structure and series of dynamics of socio-economic phenomena in rural areas of the Non-Black Earth Region. The productions, economic and social results of the Program have been established. Targets of the Program by 1990 have not been achieved for any type of agricultural product. The main results of social development were a decrease in the intensity of migration of the rural population from the Non-Black Earth Region, and the achievement of a high level of monetary wages in agriculture. The economic and social consequences of the institutional, industrial and structural post-program transformation of agriculture and rural areas have been established. It was revealed that the production of fiber flax and winter rye crops, traditional for Non-chernozem, is in the stage of degradation. The area of their placement is narrowed down to several regions, and the prospects for restoration are not being considered. There is an excessive territorial concentration and localization of production in pig and poultry farming, uneven development of rural areas, the development of processes of their social desertification. The place of the rural Non-Black Earth Region in the Russian Federation has been determined according to the main production, economic and socio-demographic indicators. Taking into account the current trends and key phenomena, a view on the future of the rural Non-Black Earth Region is briefly formulated.