The aim of the study is to identify the barriers that prevent the introduction of new technologies in the agricultural sector in Russia and to find possible ways to eliminate them. In connection with this goal, the existing foreign experience of implementing digital technologies was reviewed: «crop mapping system» in the United States, the use of advanced technologies in Switzerland, «Smart Farming» in Ireland. There was also an example of the use of the latest digital technologies in Russia in the framework of the development and implementation of the departmental project «Digital Agriculture», which includes several successive stages. To date, the implementation of this project is given special attention in the framework of the development of a comprehensive State program for the development of the agricultural sector until 2025. It should be noted that the use of digital technologies allows agricultural enterprises to reach a fundamentally new level, which is caused by an increase in production volumes while reducing the level of costs associated, for example, with tillage or with the transfer of many technological processes to a remote level of regulation. In this way, agriculture is gradually becoming more accurate and stable. Today, there is a significant shortage of highly qualified specialists in the application of digital technologies in the agricultural sector. In this regard, it is necessary to pay special attention to the quality training of specialists in the agricultural sector, taking into account digital improvements.
The main driver of economic growth and development of Russia at the beginning of the XXI century was agriculture. However, the results achieved in the agricultural sector were achieved mainly through the use of foreign technologies and state support. Unfortunately, the potential of domestic agrarian science, including economic science, was little in demand during this period, which was not without serious errors in the organizational, economic and scientific-technological mechanism of the agro-industrial complex. All this has led to distortions in structural production between large and small agricultural producers. That is why the role of agrarian economic science in the development and implementation of optimal models in all strategic areas is extremely high. In my opinion, for the next decade, the locomotive of socio-economic progress in Russia will be not so much agriculture as a rural lifestyle and the development of rural territories. Mass resettlement from cities will become a powerful factor in the development of rural areas. The goal of the agricultural business should be not only profit, but also the welfare of workers. A new economic model in agribusiness should launch a modern management model based on a digital environment and distributed registry technology. Ecology in a broad sense and related human health, life expectancy should become the main objects of scientific research. The state of the living environment and human health are the main values of the new economy. In fact, we are talking about the convergence of agriculture and health care, aimed at maintaining human health and preventing diseases.
The aim of the work is to develop a theoretical framework for the management of soil fertility and productivity, which will allow more reasonable management decisions in accordance with the goals of production, economic and social development. The work used methods characteristic of theoretical research, as well as methods of specifically economic research. As a result of the work, a theoretical model of the management of the three-unit category "Fertility + pro-ductility + ecology" was built, including, in particular, its functions, principles and driving forces. Some internal relationships between the elements of the system and contradictions were identified; methodological approaches to their implementation were presented. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the theoretical generalization and structuring of knowledge on the management of soil fertility and productivity, taking into account the environmental component. Such an approach to this economic category will contribute to the further development of the theory of the issue, as well as serve as a basis for making informed management decisions at the levels of the economic entity and subject of the federation in order to ensure food self-sufficiency of the regions, and therefore the food security of the country as a whole in the long term.
The article is devoted to the necessity and possibility of forming agro-industrial clusters, the main directions of their development in order to increase the efficiency of agro-industrial production, its modernization based on the introduction of modern scientific and technical achievements, digitalization and strengthening of relations both within the agro-industrial complex and with other sectors and spheres of the economy, state structures and other interested participants in technical-technological, production-agricultural, financial-economics and other areas of interaction. Based on the fact that all foreign and domestic experience of the cluster approach to the development of agro-industrial complex has shown its effectiveness, the authors studied the experience of forming agro-industrial clusters in the regions of Siberia, identified their shortcomings and considered the prospects for development. The results of the study showed that agro-industrial clusters are being created in each region of the Siberian Federal District, but this experience is not successful everywhere. The system of relationships between cluster participants has not been worked out, long-term technological connections have not been established, the possibilities of modern information technologies are not used enough, etc. Studies have also shown that, taking into account the peculiarities of the Siberian regions, their location and others, there are favourable opportunities for the cluster development of the agro-industrial complex, the formation of innovative and specialized industry clusters at the regional, interregional, inter-municipal and interstate levels, as well as multi-industry clusters at the local level. The authors propose the main directions of development of agro-industrial clusters in the regions of the Siberian Federal District, including for the production of environmentally friendly products, strengthening relationships between cluster participants, innovative development of production, taking into account the possibilities of modern information technologies and digitalization of the agro-industrial complex.
The article considers the anti-crisis potential of integration processes in the agricultural sector of the economy. The analysis of the essence of the main types of integration of socio-economic systems is carried out. By means of critical generalizations, the conceptual and categorical apparatus of integration is clarified. The main elements of the integration potential of the agro-industrial complex and some effects that confirm the feasibility of its implementation at the regional and national levels are presented. The central link is defined as economic integration, which is a multi-level system that connects the individual stages of production processes. The typology of integration in the agricultural sector of the economy is improved, which is based on the forms of socialization of production, takes into account the level of the economic system, the purpose of cooperation, the nature of relations and the order of capital movement between the participants of integration relations. The main directions of integration interaction of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex are considered.
Approved in February 2019, the "Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2025" connects the development of agriculture of border geostrategic territories with consumer cooperation. State support and limited own means of producers lead to the creation of consumer cooperatives, the distinctive characteristics of which are, in addition to the purpose of the activity (meeting the material and other needs of the members of the cooperative), joint subsidiary liability, voting on the principle: one member - one vote, distribution of the result and restriction in the activities of associate members. The prevailing interests of associate members lead to an orientation towards investors, that is, capital gains. The creation and functioning of cooperatives should not be formal; true cooperatives could and should improve the efficiency of the production and financial activities of small forms of management of frontier geostrategic territories. In the process of creating a cooperative, it is necessary to strive for homogeneity of its members, since the performance and life expectancy of the cooperative are significantly influenced by the interests of its members and the constantly changing conditions of the external environment. Cooperatives arise only under the influence of urgent need; they cannot be created "from above" using administrative resources. When joining a cooperative, potential members should be clear about what problems can be solved by participating in the cooperative. The principles of the creation and functioning of cooperatives, as reflected in the current federal law, do not fully reflect the specifics of cooperative organizations. The joint subsidiary responsibility of the cooperative members for its obligations and law enforcement practices in this area limit the spread of cooperatives in the industry. Foreign experience demonstrates the possibility of limiting additional responsibility, as well as the presence of cooperatives without additional responsibility.
The article investigates the dynamics of world production of various types of meat (Wild game, Duck, Horse, Camel, Goose and guinea fowl, Sheep and Goat, Beef and Buffalo, Pigmeat) from 1961 to 2018 by main countries and regions (Russia, Oceania, Africa, Central America, South America, North America, Europe and Asia), as well as – global maps (for 2018) of meat consumption per capita in general and by type of meat. Based on the results of the OECD agricultural statistics databases (a collection of agricultural statistics that serve as the basis for quantitative assessment and analysis of the agricultural economy), forecasts of world meat production for the period 2021-2029 were analyzed, taking into account actual and expected changes in consumption by groups of countries (developed countries and countries that are developing). Based on actual data on the development of the world meat market and forecasts of agricultural statistics from the OECD, the probable risks and uncertainties affecting world meat markets in the next decade have been identified.
Peasant farms (PF) belonging to small forms of farming are equal subjects of agribusiness, since they are engaged in the food sector of the agro-industrial complex. They account for 10‰ of agricultural output. Effective management of the peasant (farm) economy is possible only if there is complete information characterizing all aspects of economic activity. The main source of operational and objective information in the development of production, the performance of business operations is accounting and reporting. Peasant (farm) farms independently determine the forms and method of accounting. The legal form of peasant farms will determine the difficulties associated with choosing the form of accounting. In order to identify areas for improving the quality of analytical support for PF activities, the authors assess the modern level of accounting organization and analyze the activities of peasant (farm) farms in the Saratov region. On the basis of the evaluation, the shortcomings of the existing accounting procedure were formulated and recommendations were made on the organization of accounting, which made it possible to increase the analyticity of the generated information. It was concluded that the composition of the reporting forms on the activities of PF has an impact on the analysis of the economic activities of farms.
The authors analyzed the economic efficiency of the primary and deep processing of flax, oilseed flax and technical hemp. Since 2010, there has been an annual increase in the acreage of bast crops, and the list of subjects of the Russian Federation that sow these crops is also increasing. However, flax growers have difficulty finding markets. Some enterprises export their products, while others diversify their production. There are also those who, having not found a market, do not work at full capacity, reducing the volume of processing. In the second half of 2020, due to a sharp drop in prices for long and short fiber, there was another deterioration in the financial condition of flax mills. Taking into account the difficult economic situation, the state of the industry and the material and technical base of processing enterprises, the article determines which bast crops are effectively grown, in what volume, on what technological equipment they are more efficiently processed, as well as what type of fiber will be profitable in modern economic conditions. Primary processing of flax into long and short fibers and deep processing of short fibers are profitable, with full provision of enterprises with raw materials. Deep processing of short flax fiber into cotonine significantly increases the profitability of production. Processing of technical hemp into the same type of hemp with its subsequent cotonization at existing sales prices is unprofitable, and the profitability of processing oilseed flax into the same type of fiber depends on the amount of capital costs for production.
A modern agro-industrial complex is represented as a complex agro economic system containing fundamental and interrelated spheres - agriculture, industries, closely related to agro-industrial production, and social sphere. The effectiveness of all rural areas will depend on their optimal and proportional development, the return of young people to the village, an increase in the employment of the rural population. The goal of the work is to develop the concept of regulating the employment of the rural population of the region, attracting youth to the village. The article discusses the problems of employment of the rural population and its regulation, presents the concept of regulating the employment of the rural labour market in the region. It is forcing the interconnected system for increasing the level of employment of the rural population.