With the adoption of Federal Act “On Organic Products and On Introduction of Amendments to Individual Legislative Acts of Russian Federation” statutory and regulatory framework regulating production and turnover of organic products in Russia formally could be classified as largely implemented. The paper deals with positive aspects of the adopted Act including consideration of organic products distribution. Introduction of an article on conversion period, definition of organic agriculture as well as introduction of the articles associated with necessary amendments to individual legislative Acts of the Russian Federation. Major drawbacks of the adopted Act have been investigated. The main options of their crossing taking into account international practices were determined too. Among drawbacks: deficiency of regulation covering wild culture, ecological characteristics of the organic areas, specification of federal competent body in the organic market, loose formulation of state support, organic export and import, et al. The problem of improvement of the legislation regulating production and turnover of organic production in Russia is quite feasible if to her decision experts of scientific community are involved from outside.
The article substantiates the necessity of using the methods of economic and mathematical modeling in planning production programs of agrarian formations in the current conditions of the development of market relations. It is shown that it is necessary to use a system approach that allows substantiating scenarios for the development of rural territories for the future when making models for the development of agricultural production. It is proved that the rational establishment of the optimal production structure of the crop and livestock sectors of agricultural organizations can significantly improve the economic efficiency of agricultural production. The main results of optimization of the production structure of agricultural organizations on the example of rural territories of the Non-chernozem zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan are presented. It is shown that increasing of the efficiency of agricultural production is a key factor expressing the positive development of rural territories. It is summarized that the use of methods of economic and mathematical modeling helps to ensure promptness and increase the degree of validity of management decisions.
The purpose of article consists in development of the organizational and economic mechanism of formation and development of the market of seed potatoes in EEU member countries. The existing situation with cultivation of potatoes in all countries of EEU, threat of spread of viral infections of culture predetermine creation of the common market of seed potatoes of high reproductions. For determination of its volumes, high-quality structure in a section of each country creation of market infrastructure on the basis of the information and logistic centre with use of technology a block chain is offered. Implementation of the offered scheme of the market of seed potatoes of the countries of EEU will allow to grow up quality potatoes in necessary volumes and to optimize the structure of sown areas in the Commonwealth countries.
In the article on the basis of data of the all-Russian agricultural census of 2016 in comparison with data of the all-Russian agricultural census of 2006 the tendencies of technological development of agriculture are considered. The processes of land reclamation, the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides, the state of agricultural machinery, the use of elite seeds, and the provision of industrial infrastructure are analyzed. There is a differentiation of the level of accessibility to the means of intensification and innovative technologies of large agricultural organizations, small enterprises and peasant (farm) farms. The main directions of improvement of scientific and technological in agriculture are considered.
Consideration of land resources as object of the real estate and spatial basis has led not only to distortion of functions of strategic management, but also to violation of balance of interests of subjects of the land relations, has caused the low level of efficiency of state regulation of processes of land use. The author accentuates the separate issue of deformation of the information provision subsystem of the land resource strategic management system. The developed mechanism of maintaining the inventory of the real estate provides a possibility of realization only to a part of functions of ensuring strategic management with them. At the level of economic entities strategic management of land resources is focused on formation of the steady agro landscapes providing the level of efficiency of agricultural production. The purpose of strategic management of land resources of the agrarian sphere consists in ensuring effective use of productive lands in the long term. Functions of strategic management of land resources are within the competence of the state which within land policy defines the strategy of use of productive lands and their reproduction.
The article provides a statistical assessment of the level and dynamics of income of agricultural producers. The contribution of the industry in the formation of GDP as a whole across the Russian Federation is still insignificant and does not exceed 4.5‰, however, a significant differentiation of this indicator is observed in the territorial section. Economic and statistical analysis has made it possible to identify groups of regions that differ in size, resource potential, level and conditions of development of agriculture and the economy as a whole. The study showed the need for a differentiated targeted approach to support the industry. Groups of regions with the most favourable economic conditions, making a significant contribution to the formation of regional incomes and ensuring food security, at this stage of development require a minimum level of state support since they are attractive to the private investor. The most numerous group of regions with significant resource potential need development in the framework of export-oriented policies aimed at increasing the volume of products. In regions unfavourable for agricultural production, where the industry is subsidiary, and there is acceleration in the processes of depopulation, it is required to improve the policy for the development of rural areas and support for the households of the population.
The statistical analysis of the efficiency of investment in regional agriculture of Russia is conducted for the period from 2006 to 2016 using Russian agricultural census data in the published research. In order to take into account the natural and climatic differences between the regions of Russia, as well as significant differences in the rate of change, size, composition of crop farming and animal husbandry resources, the method of factor cross-classification are used. As a result of the statistical analysis, groups of regions characterized by high efficiency of investment activity and regions it is necessary to improve investment policy are distinguished. The investment in the framework of the approach is viewed as a multidimensional process that has a significant impact on all aspects of society.
Working capital management plays a significant role in improved profitability of firms. Firms can achieve optimal management of working capital by making the trade-off between profitability and liquidity. This paper analyzes the effect of working capital management on profitability and probability of bankruptcy firms in Russia. Regression models were used to establish the relationship between working capital management and firm’s profitability. The study finds a negative relationship between conversion cycle and firm’s profitability: turnover of current assets has a significant impact on the return on assets. Based on the key findings from this study it has been concluded that the management of a firm can create value for their shareholders by change in volumes of working capital. Moreover, the management can also reduce the likelihood of bankruptcy by increasing current liquidity. Firms are capable of gaining sustainable competitive advantage by means of effective and efficient utilization of working capital of the organization. In so doing, the profitability of the firms is expected to increase.
In the formation of human capital in agriculture used on the farm the leading role played by the state, because it is thanks to investment from his side there is a preparation and retraining of specialists in higher educational establishments of agrarian profile, and also created the conditions for further securing of professional staff in rural areas. Today in the agricultural sector there is a negative trend, which consists in the "aging" of the existing professional staff and the lack of qualified replacement for them. First of all, the outflow of workers from agriculture is associated with low material interest, difficult working conditions and weak development of production and social infrastructure. The existing measures of state support for workers in agriculture are fragmented with insufficient funding and do not have a significant impact on the renewal of personnel in the industry.
In the scientific and technical sphere are distinguished from problems of development of business: spontaneous transfer of results of intellectual activity between the countries, a lack of monitoring of transfer, a need of formation of the legal environment and favourable conditions for investment climate, a creation of the corresponding infrastructure, a definition of models of scientific and technical business. In the scientific and technical sphere of EEU the following forms of business are possible: a performance of concrete research and development, consultation, drawing up an image of the future on the basis of expert estimates, publishing in combination with advertising and marketing, etc. Further development of the agrarian sector of EEU is connected with improvement of the organizational and economic mechanism of functioning of the market of science results of the EEU.