Specific features of the regions of the Siberian Federal District are specified by the geographical conditions of the area, social structure of the population and economic external and internal conditions. Agricultural policy of the District sees grain production development as an element, which is the basis for consumption, livestock production and exports development. The area of grain crops is quite sustainable and varies from 9.5-10.2 million ha. Gross grain yield varies from 9.0 to 15.3 million tons. Livestock farming is the leading sector of agriculture; it takes about 53‰ of the gross output of the agricultural sector in the Siberian Federal district. In recent years, the development of animal husbandry in the macro region experienced significant changes. Milk production in recent years is steadily equal to 5.5 million tons. The structure of meat production has changed. Pig production and poultry farming could take prominent part at the meat production market. At the same time, there were no radical changes and efforts in improving economic situation in concern of agricultural production in the Siberian Federal District. Development of agricultural production in the regions of Siberian Federal District has multidirectional tendencies and certain features that should be considered when designing the strategy of agricultural development. The competitive opportunities in each region are different; this is explained by real participation of the regions in trade and economic relations where the regions use their specific resources, production capacities and conditions. Competitive advantages of agricultural producers contribute to the amount and structure of export and import as well as interregional food relations on export and import of food products of each region.
The analysis of structure changes of the agricultural organizations at various stages of agrarian reform and during the post-reform period shows that despite expectations of scientists and experts of the most different economic and political views agricultural cooperation in the country developed rather poorly. The situation was changed even by active use of an administrative resource and the state money. Moreover, the agricultural production cooperatives created with the state support on ruins of the ruined enterprises in the bulk haven't shown necessary financial stability and have been forced to stop the economic activity. The following data, in particular, demonstrate to it. If in the 90th the share of cooperatives in the general structure of the agricultural organizations constantly grew and by 2002 has reached 48.7‰, then today she hardly exceeds 20‰. And it, we will notice, has occurred those years when the economic situation of agricultural branch in general, certainly, improved, quite good growth rates of agricultural production of and livestock production were observed. Need of modernization of the agricultural production providing decrease in energy consumption on a unit of production and increase in labour productivity contradicted the requirement of preservation of jobs which is one of the main economic interests of members of agricultural production cooperatives. It is important as well the fact that the cooperative form of the organization of production doesn't stimulate inflow of private investments from other spheres of economic activity that constrains development of branch even at substantial increase of level of its profitability. Noted shortcomings are characteristic, first of all, of agricultural production cooperatives. Therefore it is quite natural that at this conjuncture the cooperation development vector gradually changes towards the accelerated growth of number of consumer cooperatives. It is important that the structure of interests of members of consumer cooperatives is much simpler, than production. Therefore the organization of effective work of consumer cooperatives is less difficult and that is very essential, doesn't impose special requirements to personal qualities of the members.
In the context of the thorny road of the cooperative movement in Russia, the article is devoted to the scientific foundations and modern legal support for a genuine revival of the cooperative movement in Russia. A serious lag in its theoretical development was noted, taking into account qualitative changes in the principles and world practice of cooperative activity. The reasons preventing this revival and increasing the effectiveness of cooperative activities and causing deformation of a rational agrarian structure are revealed. The necessity of forming a scientifically grounded cooperative policy and radical improvement of cooperative legislation is grounded. Definition of any cooperatives as commercial subjects of market business, in particular agrarian business, with active social orientation and the state support of members - owners of cooperative associations, providing them tax benefits, other measures of economic protection, especially at a stage of their formation will be scientifically based.
The relevance of the study is due to the dependence of domestic agriculture on foreign varieties of breeding, imported fertilizers and machinery. It is no secret that plant breeding is one of the foundations of food security of the country, therefore, the further development of the domestic market of scientific and technical products of plant growing, including selection achievements, acquires a crucial role in the development of not only the industry, but also the entire agriculture of the country. The market of scientific and technical products of crop production is a system of organizational, economic and legal relations between the participants of the selection and seed-growing process. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to develop proposals for improving the organizational and economic mechanism of the market of scientific and technical products of crop production. The methodological basis of the study was a review, analysis and generalization of the works of domestic and foreign scientists on the development and functioning of the organizational and economic mechanism of the market of scientific and technical products in crop production. As the main methods of research, we used the system and logical approaches, the method of theoretical knowledge, monographic, as additional: historical and scientific abstraction method. The main results of the study is the author's generalization of the views of leading domestic and foreign scientists on the functioning of the organizational and economic mechanism of the market of scientific and technical products in crop production. According to the results of the study: the author presents the definition of the organizational and economic mechanism of the market of scientific and technical products of crop production; considers the organizational and economic tools of the market of scientific and technical products of plant production; developed proposals for improving the organizational and economic mechanism of the market of scientific and technical products of plant.
Modern conditions of functioning of agriculture is characterized by the fact that finally the country began to carry out a protectionist policy towards the industry, which gave domestic producers relative freedom and support from the state. The policy pursued by the state has allowed agriculture to increase domestic production, but the efficiency of agricultural production is still lagging behind the indicators of advanced countries. In the new environment, the issues of competitiveness management have not faded into the background. On the contrary, the level of competition between producers, but now between domestic ones, is increasing. There are still important problems of saturation of domestic food production of the domestic food market, which would have a high competitiveness, the ability to displace imported products, which will begin to enter the market again, to ensure food security. In the article, on the example of enterprises producing dairy products, the state of the regional market and competitiveness management are analyzed, the expert assessment of product quality is carried out and the leading enterprises are determined. The factors that allow leaders to take the leading positions are revealed, it is stated that the most important resources that allow them to be the first are the use of digital and information technologies.
Despite the same conditions of economic activity, enterprise structures in the sphere of agricultural production have also distinctive features that cause essential differences in the level of agricultural production. The differentiated level of development of enterprise structures in agricultural production acts as a prerequisite of comparison of subjects of agrarian business on the level of development of agricultural production. The level of development of production of agricultural production can be characterized not only the physical volume of production, but also a set of other criteria, such as cost of fixed assets, work costs of production, etc. Therefore for a tipologization of subjects of agrarian business methods of multidimensional comparisons have been used. As a result of a research the agricultural organizations of the region have been divided into groups with very high, high and average level of production of vegetables of the open ground. The highest level on all set of classification criteria the Gold Field Agricultural firm of Novoaleksandrovsky district has.
The development of small business in agriculture over the past few years has been hampered by the outflow of people from rural areas and the low profitability of agricultural production. Regional programs aimed at changing this situation, copying the structure and main activities of the Federal level, poorly take into account the specific features of the natural and economic conditions of the regions. In this regard, the current mechanism of support for small businesses demonstrates low efficiency due to the lack of a balanced strategy for the distribution of state subsidies to various subjects of agricultural entrepreneurship. The research carried out by the authors made it possible to make adjustments to the existing steps of subsidizing small forms of management. The proposed measures are aimed at improving the regional model for the implementation of their state support in the allocation of subsidies on the basis of the recommendations of municipal units.
Complex cooperative legislation in Russia is the case in the confusion of Soviet and post-Soviet regulatory norms. The existing classification of cooperatives, both agricultural and non-agricultural, does not contribute to their development and government support. Agricultural cooperatives are not always involved in agricultural production and its maintenance, and vice versa. The group of cooperatives has shown that 46.7‰ of the registered cooperatives are garage and construction cooperatives, 19.3‰ - housing co-operatives, 14‰ - production cooperatives from which a little more than 10‰ are presented by agricultural production cooperatives, 6.4‰ are the share of consumer societies. Improvement of the regulatory and statistical basis of agricultural cooperation is extremely important.
The North Caucasus has a natural competitive advantage for agriculture. But at the same time, in general, in the NCFD, the level of labour productivity is lower than the average Russian almost twice. And not an abbreviation is observed, but an increase in this gap. As a result, the agriculture of the North Caucasus has a low level of competitiveness, despite the fact that in many subjects it is a system-forming branch of regional farms. The article analyzes the state of labour productivity in the agriculture of the North Caucasian Federal District and its subjects. The differentiation of the level of labour productivity in the subjects of the NCFD has been established, the causes have been identified, the influence of various factors has been calculated on the level of labour productivity, the strength of communication (using correlation coefficients) between labour productivity and the factors influencing its level has been calculated. Based on the generalization of the identified dependencies and problems, proposals are formulated to improve the level of labour productivity for various subjects of the NCFD.
The offered methodological approach to assessment of efficiency of the economic mechanism of development of branch communications is based on certain principles, the reasonable system of indicators and criteria for evaluation of efficiency. For assessment of efficiency of the economic mechanism of development of branch communications in a sub complex of meat production using of the concept "economic rationality" as the generalized quality standard of efficiency of the activity directed to achievement of the goal at the available restrictions and resources is offered. By means of method of expert evaluations diagnostics of system of branch communications in a meat production sub complex on the basis of which the main criteria of optimization of activity of the enterprises of branch are developed and proved is carried out. The technique of identification of inefficient business processes is developed. Methodical approaches of creation of the rational model of business processes differing from the links which are earlier existing smaller quantity in a chain and the coherence of processes with business functions of each stage leading to cost cutting, increase in level of consumption of meat production to medical reasonable norms at the existing purchasing power of the population are defined.