The study presents four main problems hindering the development and implementation of domestic innovations in agricultural production. The factors and trends that do not contribute to the efficient and advanced development of the agrarian economy in terms of its innovative development are identified. The necessity of increasing domestic expenditures on research in agriculture by 5-7 times is substantiated. The negative trends in the reproduction of scientific personnel revealed. There is a lack of financial motives for work in the scientific sphere, the ineffective work of the system of postgraduate and doctoral studies. The inconsistency of the impact of grant support on the level of research funding, which is not more than 6.2‰ in internal research expenditures, has been proved. To solve the problem of innovation activity of economic entities, it is necessary to develop a targeted agrarian innovation policy, defining goals, objectives and mechanisms for its implementation, taking into account the priorities identified by the President and the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as foreign experience.
Accident on the CNPP seriously narrowed the activity of agriculture in a number of Russian regions. However the caesium-137 radionuclide half-life period already expired therefore there are questions of long-term plans in the agrarian sphere in these territories. Article contains assessment of a state and the prospects of economic development of the agrarian sector in the regions affected by accident on the CNPP. Authors systematized effective counter-measures on return of contaminated land to an agricultural turn. They suggest not to force events, and to carry out a complex of consecutive, multistage and differentiable measures to ensure the maximum safety of agricultural products which is made by agrarian formations in affected areas. Authors suggest not to force events on return of lands to an agricultural turn due to use of potash and phosphoric fertilizers, and to carry out a complex of consecutive, and differentiable measures to ensure the maximum safety of the agricultural products made by agrarian formations in affected areas. Authors carry to their number: individual assessment of level of radiation pollution of land grounds with the subsequent development of the corresponding plan for clarification, use of special crop rotations which will promote smaller absorption of radio nuclides from crops, application of a physical and chemical way of clarification of lands with the largest level of radiation pollution, strict radiation control in the course of implementation of measures for clarification of land grounds.
The conditions and features of the market development, as well as macroeconomic characteristics that affect its sustainable development are highlighted. The definition of the agro-food market is presented. In the development of the regional agro-food market as a system, the prevailing trends are highlighted. It is noted that the Central, integrating role in the market is played by the principles of "sustainability and cyclical development" "balance" and "equilibrium". In the process of development of the agri-food market there is a change in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the structural elements. The conditions for the formation of competitive advantages are specified. Balanced development determines the conditions of existence and the structural organization of the agro-food market as a system, its properties. The essence and functions of marketing in the agri-food market are defined. The author mentions the key methods of marketing analysis that contribute to the development of a competitive market development strategy, as well as the feasibility of using the point method of PEST-analysis and SWOT-analysis. The weight of the Siberian regions in the production of agricultural products presents. It is noted that the regions of Siberia are characterized by significant differentiation in agro-resource potential, the presence of large areas with difficult conditions for the development of agricultural production. Groups of regions in the directions of development of agro-food markets are allocated. The data revealing the role of Siberia in the gross agricultural production are presented.
The article examines the features of the competitiveness of the industrial regions' agro industrial complex. The assessment of the levels of competitiveness at the producer price and at the sale price of the main types of agricultural products was carried out. An assessment of the closeness of the connection of competitiveness levels at the producer price and at the selling price is given; established the presence of a direct relationship between these indicators. It was noted that the closeness of the relationship between indicators for different types of agricultural products varies from weak to very high. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that in the Kemerovo Region there is a need to support the production of certain types of agricultural products; other types of products require the creation of conditions to reduce distribution costs. The possible growth factors of competitiveness of the agro-industrial complex of the Kemerovo region are highlighted.
The article discusses the problems of the development of the agricultural machinery market in terms of the policy of import substitution and the transition to an export-oriented economy. The market is characterized, both from the demand and supply side. Analyzed the park of agricultural machinery; provision of agricultural organizations with tractors and combines; acquisition and disposal of agricultural equipment; main producers in agricultural machine building are determined; conditions for providing agricultural organizations with technical resources are identified. The analysis of state support measures for agricultural producers aimed at stimulating the renewal of the material base and the acquisition of domestic agricultural ones is carried out. Recommendations are given on the modernization of the agro-industrial complex of the country and the development of import substitution policies in the field of agricultural engineering.
The purpose of article is an identification of the problems caused by asymmetry in the market of organic products and definition of the necessary measures for its decrease. The methodological base of work were used the researches of the Russian and foreign scientists devoted to development of the market of organic products and the theory of asymmetry of information. In article the short review of the market development of organic products is carried out and lag of the Russian market from western is shown. Information problems of market development are revealed, in particular: difficulty of determination of quality of organic products by the buyer, the confidential nature of its acquisition and the developed ideas of the population of environmentally friendly products. Such measure of decrease in asymmetry of information as the state system of certification of organic products is considered. Conditions of efficiency of its work are defined and need of costs of its advance for transformation of "organic" marking into a popular brand is shown. It is suggested about a possibility of transfer of the main part of costs of marking advance on producers of organic products. The conclusion is drawn the importance of support of development of electronic marketplace of organic products for decrease in asymmetry of information.
Definition of spatial development perspectives in the development of programmes of socio-economic development of regions has helped to increase interest in the transformations occurring in the system. In this paper, an attempt is made based on the example of the Amur region, as the largest agricultural region of the far East, to analyze the process of transformation of the agrarian part of rural settlements in conjunction with the development of agriculture and identify possible directions of improving the management system of rural resettlement. In the work, it is noted that regional resettlement system largely evolved under the influence of the process of agricultural development and development of agricultural enterprises, determining the extent and nature of the occupation of the territory, size and structure of rural settlements. In the work analyzed the stability of agricultural settlements to the crisis in agriculture in the region processes and dynamics of restoration process.
The agri-food sector of the Russian economy is currently characterized by a qualitatively new paradigm of interstate interaction in the conditions of emergence, formation and development of supranational principles caused by intensive processes of integration of environmental factors. In a very short period of time, by the standards of world practice, individual states of the former Soviet Union made a serious breakthrough in combining their efforts to form integration structures and their subsequent institutional and infrastructural, economic, legal, and organizational and managerial evolution. The concept of “Eurasian economic integration” emerged, which is complex, multidimensional and interdisciplinary in its essence, manifests its duality through formats and implementation mechanisms that create a whole range of complex methodological scientific problems, the solution of which largely determines the development of the agricultural and food sector of the economy Russia, the effectiveness of its functioning and the depth of integration into the Eurasian agri-food system. The article attempts to develop a scientific and practical concept that systematizes the influence of external environment integration factors on the agri-food sector of the Russian economy through the mechanism of customs effects resulting from a significant change in the conditions and processes of customs regulation of the agrarian markets of the Eurasian agri-food system. Customs effects, allows you to highlight scenarios of their manifestation and justify the consequences of their impact on the agricultural sector of Russia, focus on the emergence of new risks and challenges for the state regulation of commodity exchange of agricultural products on the Russian agri-food market.
In article authors proved need of development of public-private partnership for the agrarian sector of the Russian economy. Positive and negative aspects of use of the mechanism of public-private partnership for national economy and also the main reasons constraining development of state-private development in the Russian agrarian and industrial complex are considered. The further directions of development of public-private partnership in modern conditions are defined. The conclusion is drawn on the leading role of public-private partnership in formation and development of the knowledge-intensive and hi-tech production in the agrarian sector of the Russian economy.