In a market economy, business success depended, first of all, on the ability to effectively use the advantages of public forms of production organization. Significant opportunities for the successful development of agricultural organizations and their financial sustainability were available in taking advantage of diversification of production, effective interaction and complementarity among the various sectors of the economy. The study used methods: statistical, abstract-logical, expert assessments. A model for the development of agricultural farms based on diversification of production had been developed and their economic and social effectiveness had been shown. The experience of advanced farms confirms the expediency of improving the spatial development of productive forces by creating a closed technological chain within farms: raw material cultivation - processing - production of finished products - sale. A new concept of farm management is needed. It should be based on the principle of ensuring the effective use of land.
The set of the tasks for management of the complex economic system development can be grouped into the following aggregate tasks: based on the objective assessment of the development trends of the management object and its current state, set the system development goals, formalizing them using the set of quantitative indicators, ground the optimal way for their achievement, and ensure the system’s functioning within the limits of permissible deviations from this way. As a tool for substantiating the optimal parameters for the development of the regional agro-food complex, it is proposed to use an aggregated economic-mathematical model to optimize the combination of agricultural sectors of the block-diagonal type, in which various categories of farms are represented as separate blocks, and the balance of food resources in the connecting block. As a criterion for the optimality of the first (basic) development scenario, the maximization of the value of the final product of the agro-food complex in the region excluding products aimed at intermediate consumption is used, in the second scenario the maximization of the difference between the value of commercial products and the costs of its production excluding households. When implementing the parameters of the first scenario, the cost of the final product of the agro-food complex of the Voronezh region (in 2018 prices) may reach 265.1 billion roubles, and the attributable profit for agricultural organizations and peasant farm enterprise (excluding subsidies) - 45.6 billion roubles. In the second scenario, the cost of the final product decreases to 260.3 billion roubles, and the conditional profit increases to 49.9 billion roubles, while the level of profitability of the products of the agro-food complex reaches 35.9‰ (according to the first option - 32.3‰).
Within implementation of "May Decrees" of the President of the Russian Federation and "The strategy of social and economic development of agro-industrial complex of Russia" the important task is set for the agrarian sector of economy: to increase a role of the country in the industrial market of food for the purpose of ensuring food independence of the country. This task has multidimensional character and can be solved only by an integrated approach of formation of the innovative environment in agriculture on the basis of effective, real innovations. In article theoretical approaches to essence of the innovative environment in agriculture are considered. Innovations were present at all stages of the public relations and in all spheres of activity of society. Authors believe that the system of necessary conditions of formation of the innovative environment is built at four levels of the public relations and is characterized by their directions (economic, political, and public). The offered periodization of history of innovative management includes two stages which distinctive feature is different degree of efficiency.
The influence of the pricing system on the investment development of agricultural producers is considered on the example of domestic and foreign practice of agricultural production. It is revealed that the successes achieved in recent years in agricultural and agro-industrial production are the result of the modernization of advanced agricultural producers and the development of high-tech projects in agro-industrial formations. The thesis that one of the key directions of investment development of the domestic agricultural sector is to increase the profitability of agricultural enterprises of various forms of ownership is confirmed. It is concluded that the market-oriented pricing mechanism without other regulatory instruments and, in particular, without strong state support can not provide equivalence in the relations of agriculture with other related enterprises in agriculture. The generalized conclusion is presented that, since the mid-90s, in the countries of the European Union (EU) in the system of stimulation of agricultural producers there have been significant changes. The transition from the regulation of the mechanism of prices for agricultural products – raw materials and products in the domestic market to subsidizing farms using the so-called "unrelated support" of farm income, it is proposed to develop and adopt a special state investment program for agricultural producers producing and selling milk-raw materials for processors.
Transition of agro-industrial complex to a way of sustainable development demands large volume of both the standard and specific information including aspects of operational and statistical accounting, skills of budgeting, planning and the analysis. It assumes formation of the individual integrated reporting of the organizations showing not only financial results of activity of the organization but also giving an opportunity of assessment of their importance. In article approaches to formation of a system of the integrated reporting and its elements taking into account temporary concepts are considered. As a result of a research transformation of national models of accounting reports taking into account globalization processes is reflected; the system of formation of the reporting is presented in the concept of cyclic time; essentially new set of elements of the integrated reporting of the agrarian and industrial complex organizations is offered. The presented system of the integrated reporting with cyclically connected elements is capable to provide its users not only basic, but also expanded information necessary for adoption of the justified management decisions in the organizations of the aerosphere, providing their sustainable development.
The article describes the state of the Russian cargo transportation industry in 2017. It was found that in all types of transport, freight turnover grew by 5.5‰; the main drivers were the increased export volumes of wheat and mineral fertilizers. The segments of grain transportation by rail, the transhipment of mineral fertilizers in the ports of the Baltic basin, the transhipment of grain in the ports of the Azov-Black Sea basin showed the greatest dynamics. In the medium term, the continuation of the main trends of 2017 - the beginning of 2019 and a further increase in the volume of exports of wheat and mineral fertilizers are expected.
The activities of environmental supervision authorities contribute to the identification of violations in the implementation of these processes. On the example of the production activity of the CJSC Collective Farm Sovetinsky of the Neklinovsky District of the Rostov Region, the effectiveness of the control of the supervisory authorities has been considered, which serves as an incentive to improve the technological processes of production and the use of organic fertilizers. The aim of the study is to substantiate the technologization of the processing of organic livestock waste at the enterprises of the agricultural sector to improve their economic efficiency and ensure the environmental safety of production activities. The main elements of the implementation of technologization into the processing of organic waste according to the developed process documentation and the requirements of the regulatory framework in this area have been substantiated. It has been established that the developed technological regulations for the preparation of cattle manure into a product with its introduction as an organic fertilizer on the field provides for environmental control over the production of the product (organic fertilizer), on the basis of which a certificate of conformity is issued. It has been revealed that the technological project for the processing of organic waste on the CJSC Collective Farm Sovetinsky provides for the implementation of an innovative technology for processing bedding manure of cattle into high-quality solid concentrated organic fertilizers. During the implementation of measures for the technologization of the processing of organic waste into organic fertilizers and their further use in the cultivation of crops, soil fertility increases, crop yields increase, the cost of their cultivation is reduced, the environmental situation in the area of the livestock enterprise and waste storage sites improves.
Comparison of official statistics with the parameters of the state of the consumer fruit market indicates a significant overstatement of data on gross domestic fruit production. Russian stat data show the growth of domestic production of fruits and berries, but the actual prevalence of foreign production in the market raises doubts about the success of domestic gardeners. On closer examination, it turns out that this growth is due to an increase in the area of perennial plantations and the yield of fruits and berries in the households of the population. Import dependence is therefore not declared 58 ‰, but much higher. Taking into account the virtual fruits and berries of domestic production, the average per capita consumption is significantly lower than the declared 73 kg/person. Meanwhile, the Ministry of Health recommends increasing the annual consumption of fresh fruits to 100 kg/person, including 50 kg of fresh apples. An important factor in the consumer market of fruits and berries is the low purchasing power of the population – not everyone can afford to buy fresh berries and fruits. As a result, domestic products do not compete with imported ones, and our horticultural organizations have their niche only in the low price category. For a radical change in the situation in the market of fruits and berries, the author believes, it is necessary to change the foreign trade policy: exit from the WTO, increase import customs duties on potentially substituted fresh fruits and semi-finished products. These measures are necessary to encourage domestic competition and improve the effectiveness of state support measures implemented under the national agricultural development project.
The research objective consists in development of evidence-based offers on further increase in cost efficiency of grapes and wine-making sub complex of agrarian and industrial complex of the Republic of Dagestan. The grapes and wine-making sub complex market functions in the conditions of the adverse macroeconomic situation connected, first of all, with disparity of the prices of grapes and industrial output for its production, liberalization of the foreign trade activity at smaller competitiveness of domestic production. Economic regulation of the market of grapes and wine-making sub complex products on the basis of the state protectionism, subsidizing of production of grapes and also tax and investment incentives is necessary.
The article analyzes the main factors of Russia's influence on the food security of some Central Asian countries, which include: the attractiveness of the Russian agri-food market in terms of sales; the critical dependence of the region's countries on imports of Russian agri-food products; Russia's leading position in the supply of individual resources and means of production for agriculture; investment cooperation; employment of labour migrants; providing countries of the region with official development assistance. Thus, the presence in Russia of attractive markets for agro-food products such as fruits, vegetables and roots, berries and nuts, allows many countries of Central Asia to realize their competitive advantages and ensure the viability of rural areas due to income from the supply of agricultural products. Many Central Asian countries are heavily dependent on imports of agri-food products, especially bread, pasta, flour confectionery, chocolate, supplied from Russia. Russia is a leader in the supply to Central Asian countries of many types of resources and means of production used in agriculture: breeding chickens and horses, veterinary vaccines, premixes, disinfectants, means for rodent control. With the participation of Russian capital, large-scale projects are being implemented to develop infrastructure, energy, industry and agriculture in Central Asia. Remittances of labour migrants from Central Asian countries located on the territory of Russia largely ensure food security at the household level, increasing the well-being of their family members, contributing to an increase in their income level and improving the economic availability of food. Special attention should be paid to the role of Russia as a donor of financial and other resources for the countries of Central Asia.