This article examines the socio-economic factors of development of rural specialization, determining their role in larger territorial systems. Scientific and theoretical analysis has shown that the problems of preserving and developing the potential of rural areas are relevant for most developed countries. The socio-economic degradation of large areas increases the disproportions of territorial potential, strengthens negative migration and agglomeration trends, contributes to excessive concentration of population in agglomerations, increasing the risks of food security and resource deficit in various areas of activity. The Republic of Crimea is characterized by significant potential for agricultural specialization and related service sectors, which require the development of the necessary social and production conditions for the local population and the attraction of an able-bodied personnel reserve. Social and structural indicators of the state of rural areas were studied, including demographic and labor criteria characterizing the population. Positive factors of the stability of internal markets were determined, due to the localization of economies and production, their orientation to providing for the local population and the population of neighboring municipalities. The state, features and limitations of the development of agricultural and alternative specialization of the studied rural territories, which influence the socio-economic dynamics of the Republic of Crimea, are studied. As a result of scientific-theoretical and statistical analysis, the main socio-economic factors were identified, including territorial and structural ones, influencing the state of specialization of rural territories of the Republic of Crimea. Conclusions were made about the need for a program-targeted approach to the development of specialization of rural territories of the region.
The relevance of the study is related to the development of measures to support the development of traditional crafts of the indigenous peoples of the North, the organization of rational land use based on the allocation and protection of particularly valuable lands. The rational use and protection of particularly valuable lands in the Arctic are considered as part of the implementation of the "Concept for the Sustainable Development of the Indigenous Peoples of the North, Siberia, and the Far East of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2036" (2025) in terms of supporting traditional crafts, preserving the unique culture, centuries-old way of life, and ancestral habitats of the indigenous peoples. The purpose of the study is to develop scientific tools for supporting and developing the traditional crafts of indigenous peoples in the production and sale of agricultural products, food raw materials, and the provision of other services, by allocating and protecting particularly valuable lands in the territories of traditional nature management. The object of the scientific study is the traditional crafts of indigenous peoples carried out on particularly valuable agricultural lands in the Arctic zone of the country. The Arctic regions of Yakutia are the most representative in terms of studying the level of development of the activities under consideration. The article analyzes the traditional crafts of the indigenous peoples of the North in the context of the industrial development of these territories, and examines the contribution of traditional natural resource management (reindeer herding, hunting, fishing, gathering, etc.) to the development of agriculture and food security. The interest in identifying and preserving particularly valuable lands is related to their high productivity and significant contribution to the maintenance of traditional crafts, the preservation of ethnic and cultural identity, and the livelihoods and employment of the indigenous population. It is proposed to determine the value and suitability of using natural resources in areas of traditional crafts for such types of traditional economic activities as reindeer husbandry, hunting, fishing and harvesting edible and medicinal wild plants (wild plants), tourism and mammoth tusk collection. The scientific study of traditional crafts in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) focuses on the inclusion of such traditional activities as tourism and mammoth bone collection in the list, as they play a significant role in promoting employment, generating income, and improving the quality of life for the local population. The study proposes measures for economic and legal regulation of the use of highly valuable lands to protect and support traditional crafts of indigenous peoples as part of the implementation of tools for the rational and efficient use of lands in the Arctic territories. These measures are aimed at identifying, assessing, and protecting agricultural lands that are the basis of traditional industries and lifestyles for indigenous peoples, and ultimately, promoting sustainable agricultural land use to improve the quality of life for people in the Arctic.
Based on the available information, this study attempts to assess the prospects for the use of digital financial assets (DFA) in the agricultural sectors of Russia and the People's Republic of China. As the world faces increasing challenges to food security and the need for agricultural modernization, two global giants, Russia and China, have chosen drastically different paths for digital transformation. This new research article provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of how DFA is changing the rules of the game in these countries' agriculture, revealing a fundamental clash between two ideologies: market decentralization and total state control. The article reveals the main economic, regulatory, and practical implications of each approach. On the one hand, Russia is building a regulated but market-based mechanism in search of financial sovereignty and to circumvent sanctions barriers. On the other hand, China is using its state-owned digitalization machine. By banning private cryptocurrencies, China has opted for a sovereign digital currency (e-CNY) and a national blockchain infrastructure (BSN). China is also far ahead in the field of traceability. The contrast is particularly evident in agricultural insurance. In Russia, parametric insurance based on CFA, where payments are made automatically in the event of drought or frost, remains a theoretical possibility without a single implemented project. In China, however, it is already a working reality. However, none of the models is perfect. China's centralized approach provides incredible scale, control, and efficiency for implementing government policies, but it suppresses private initiative. Russia's market-based model is more flexible and innovative, but it currently serves the interests of only large players, deepening the digital divide. The optimal approach is to implement a hybrid model. The article concludes with a specific step-by-step plan for Russia for 2026-2030, offering a roadmap for integrating best practices to create a truly effective and inclusive digital agro-economy.
In vegetable growing of Kostanay region, which is of primary importance for ensuring the country's food security, the process of redistribution of market shares is taking place. In this regard, the analysis of the process of crowding out large agricultural producers by more flexible peasant (farmer) farms is of particular relevance. The purpose of the article is to determine the most stable and effective model of farming in vegetable growing and to develop a set of practical recommendations for its further development. In the study, the authors analyzed the secondary data of the statistical agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan using methods such as comparative analysis, dynamic assessment, calculation of absolute deviations and relative indicators, system analysis and synthesis. The results of the analysis showed that the reasons for the shift in vegetable production from large agricultural enterprises to peasant (farmer) farms were due to a high increase in the cost of 1 centner of vegetables (415.7%), which led to a decrease in their sales volumes by 68.8% and a drop in profitability to a critical level of 9.3 pp On the contrary, peasant (farmer) farms were distinguished by more restrained dynamics of growth in the cost of 1 centner of vegetable production (248.4%). This allowed them to increase sales by 18.8% and maintain profitability at a healthy level of 30.9 pp, offering vegetable products at competitive prices. Consequently, peasant (farmer) farms have market stability, and the ability to effectively control production costs has become a key factor in their success. At the end of the article, it was determined that efforts to develop the vegetable growing industry of Kostanay region should be aimed at supporting this category of producers. Based on the study of foreign experience, the article offers practical recommendations, including cooperation, the introduction of resource-saving technologies, diversification of sales channels, the implementation of which, as the modeling proves, can increase the profitability of production to 115.6%.
Five years have passed since the approval of the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation and the action plan of the Government of the Russian Federation for the implementation of the provisions of the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation. During this time, the established level of self-sufficiency in basic food products has been achieved, with the exception of dairy products, and the per capita consumption of many of them has either exceeded the recommended standards (bread and meat products, sugar, vegetable oil and eggs) or has come significantly closer to them (potatoes and fish). Average indicators calculated on the basis of production and resource distribution balances provide only a general idea of the level and dynamics of food consumption, while according to the provisions of the Doctrine, physical and economic accessibility of food should be achieved "in all populated areas and by every citizen of the country". In this regard, the regional and socio-economic aspects of studying the food problem using data from budgetary surveys of households are of particular importance. The combined use of balance calculations and budgetary data makes it possible to conduct a complete and comprehensive study of food security. The study of the specifics of the functioning of regional agro-food markets is due, on the one hand, to the search for an answer to the question of the possibilities of reducing the cost of the food basket, including through specialization of the production of agricultural raw materials and food within the boundaries of the Central Federal District and, on the other hand, to the need to replicate the accumulated knowledge on achieving threshold values of indicators of physical and economic availability of food products.
in the face of increasing global competition and stricter environmental requirements, agricultural enterprises are forced to combine technological innovation and organizational solutions to maintain and expand their positions in global markets. The aim of the study is to formulate a substantiated set of competitiveness enhancement strategies for Russian and CIS producers with a horizon extending to 2035. The empirical base includes FAO and OECD-FAOSTAT statistics for 2005–2024, a content analysis of the strategies of 30 leading global agricultural companies, and 25 in-depth interviews with top managers of Russian holdings. The methodological tools combine VRIO assessment of internal resources, comparative analysis of productivity and carbon intensity, and scenario modeling of three trajectories (Baseline, Innovative, and Sustainable). The results show that the four identified strategies - field digitalization (Agri-Tech 4.0), vertical integration, ESG initiatives, and active trade diplomacy-form a coordinated package of measures that can both reduce costs and emissions and expand export opportunities. For the "Innovative" scenario, the increase in export potential by 2035 is estimated at 35%, while for the "Sustainable" scenario it is 28% (compared to 18% in the Baseline), while achieving a reduction in carbon intensity of 18–25%, depending on the pace of implementation. The practical significance lies in the proposed implementation roadmap with KPI monitoring for 2025–2030, suitable for integration into regional and corporate transformation programs. The scientific novelty lies in the integration of the VRIO approach with the "green" agenda and trade diplomacy in a unified model of strategic choice for the agro-industrial complex.
Specialization of an organization is essential for ensuring its economic efficiency. Global hop-growing companies are becoming more specialized every year, increasing the area under hops per farm. On average, in the USA, the concentration of hop gardens per farm is 350 hectares, in China - 78 hectares, in the Czech Republic - 42 hectares, in Germany - 20 hectares, etc. At the same time, the number of farms engaged in hop growing is decreasing. In Russia, operating hop gardens are mainly located in agricultural organizations; in 2024, they accounted for about 98% of all areas under the crop. According to the results of our study, modern hop-growing farms in Russia can currently be combined into two large groups: the first is narrow-profile enterprises that fully specialize in hop production. Examples of such farms are newly created hop-growing farms in the Chuvash Republic and Krasnodar Krai. Most often, such organizations are formed by larger parent companies that are competent in matters of the hop market, financially stable and actually or potentially have the ability to launch a full cycle of production, processing and storage of hops and hop products. The second group is traditional hop-growing farms that combine the cultivation of mass crops and hops with the maintenance of dairy cattle. Thanks to these farms, it was possible to preserve hop production in the Chuvash Republic. According to our estimates, the drivers of industry growth will be highly specialized enterprises that can potentially quickly increase the area under hops, and traditional hop-growing farms will contribute to the stable development of the industry.
Due to natural climatic and geographical factors, Russia has favorable opportunities for efficient agricultural production, which allows satisfying not only domestic needs for agricultural products, but also taking a worthy place in the global market. One of the main conditions for the development of agricultural production in the Russian Federation is to increase the efficiency of agricultural water use in rural areas of the Russian Federation. Among the main factors that determine the specifics of agricultural water use in rural areas of Russia, the following should be highlighted: gradual reduction of anthropogenic impact of agricultural water users on water bodies; significant seasonal fluctuations in the load on hydraulic infrastructure facilities; a large number of ownerless hydraulic infrastructure facilities; high wear and tear of rural hydraulic infrastructure facilities; lack of funds in local budgets of rural municipalities for the proper maintenance of hydraulic infrastructure facilities. According to the scientific point of view of the authors, the powers of local government bodies should be supplemented by legislative codification of the right of rural municipalities to develop and participate in inter-municipal agreements concerning the formation of the operating regime of local water bodies used for agricultural water supply. The authors substantiated proposals for the creation of inter-municipal water management complexes of agricultural water supply. The predicted socio-economic effect arising from the practical implementation of the above proposals consists of accelerating administrative processes in the sphere of agricultural water use in rural areas; increasing the speed of response of subjects of the management process to changes in various factors; improving the quality of monitoring the condition of hydraulic infrastructure facilities in rural areas; increasing the efficiency of spending budget funds associated with the development of water management infrastructure in the agro-industrial complex.
This study applies a classical theoretical approach to analyze efficiency of financial state support for the development of the agriculture, which involves comparing the achieved results and the volume of the resources used. Efficiency indicators, including companies’ revenues, gross agriculture outputs in terms of finance and tax revenues to the budget of the Russian Federation, were applied. From the state’s perspective, measured by the growth of tax revenues, the efficiency of support increased in 2019-2023. In 2023, for every Russian ruble invested in the agriculture, more than one Russian ruble was returned to the state in the form of tax incomes. Statistical analysis confirms a positive effect of state support on the agriculture results. It is revealed that the impact of financial support differs across regions. For example, the Leningrad Region was used as a case study. The study revealed that the effect of financial state support is differentiated and depends on the type of activity and size of the agricultural enterprises. Each of these groups of agricultural enterprises has its own pattern. A general pattern found both at the national and regional levels that the elasticity of economic results, such as revenues and gross agricultural output, is higher than the elasticity of tax revenues from financial state support.
This article provides up-to-date information on the specifics of the development of the organic fertilizers industry at the present stage, analyzes the structure and dynamics of the provision of organic fertilizers in the Russian Federation by federal districts. The performed modeling of the effect of the amount of organic fertilizers on crop yields using the Fisher and Darbin-Watson criteria demonstrates the effectiveness of the use of organic fertilizers for a number of crops in the context of federal districts. The systematization of market financing instruments that can be used by agricultural producers for the purchase and production of organic fertilizers has been carried out, such as: a program to stimulate lending to small and medium-sized businesses, subsidies to support priority areas of the agro-industrial complex in the field of animal husbandry and to ensure the costs of agrotechnological work, support for priority areas of the agro-industrial complex and the development of small businesses, and others. It is noted that the traditional lack of financing for the production and use of organic fertilizers by peasant farms can largely be solved through the more active use of government support and subsidies. The study highlights the main problems and trends, as well as the reasons for the increase (decrease) in the supply of organic fertilizers to the federal districts of the Russian Federation.