The dynamic development of the grain and grain products market of the Siberian Federal District (SFD) largely depends on the state of development of the grain economy, production and market infrastructure, and the level of state regulation. Insufficient state intervention in regulating the grain market and grain products of the Siberian Federal District has led to a number of problems that hinder the development of the grain complex. Grain producers are limited in controlling its movement, are not able to influence its price and cannot respond promptly to changes in market conditions. The relevance of the research topic lies in the fact that the solution to the problem of spontaneous development of the grain market and grain products of the Siberian Federal District, which does not allow the subjects of the main grain-producing regions to maximize their economic potential, is seen in the strengthening of state intervention in market regulation. The purpose of the study is to determine the main directions of state regulation of the grain market and grain products of the Siberian Federal District. State regulation is understood as a system of legal, economic and organizational-legal measures, including resources, factors and mechanisms for their implementation. The article presents the features of the grain market of the SFO and the principles of its formation, highlights the main directions of state regulation and priority measures aimed at the development of the grain market and grain products of the SFO. The proposed measures are designed to ensure the dynamic development of the grain and grain products market.
The principle of complete regional food self-sufficiency in the difficult conditions of the Far North is impossible due to the limited natural resources, however, the provision of basic food products by local producers in the foreseeable future is an objective necessity. In addition, the stability of the resource component in the regional food market at the expense of local products will make it possible to have a significant decreasing effect on the level of retail prices, prevent the monopolization of local markets by suppliers of imported products, and also solve the problems of social protection of vulnerable segments of the population. The efficiency of agricultural production is predetermined, among other things, by the organization of rational use of productive lands. Analysis of the state of agricultural land use has great importance for the study of the prospects for the development of the agro-industrial complex in the region. The article assesses the structure of agricultural land in the Murmansk region, its types, and their use by different forms of ownership. The dynamics of land use from 1990 to 2020 for agricultural production have been studied. The analysis of the equipment of agricultural producers’ land in the Murmansk region with material and technical means is carried out. It is recommended to improve measures of regional and state support for agricultural producers and create a new agro-service service in the region providing the agricultural producer with a wide range of consulting assistance, affordable conditions for the introduction of innovations into production, for the purchase and service of specialized machinery and equipment, veterinary and phytosanitary services.
AIC is a complex natural-socio-economic system, therefore, and its development potential is also considered from a systemic perspective in the aggregate of its main subsystems - natural potential, social potential, economic potential. The proposed approach to assessing the development potential of AIC is based on the systemic ideology and specificity of agriculture, according to which land is its indispensable resource. Therefore, the consideration of the potential is carried out on the one hand, taking into account its territorial characteristics, and on the other, from the point of view of the territorial human resource of the agrarian economy, its habitat - the environment of residence and the environment of activity. Another important circumstance is the balancing of capacity components in addressing AIC development challenges. In this regard, the assessment of diffuse subsystems of development potential - economic-topical, sociotopic, socio-economic. This approach is consistent with considering the development potential of AIC as a complex dynamic natural and socio-economic system. The directions and parameters of its development should be systematically coordinated with the goals and objectives of the development of the agro-industrial complex. In some cases, it should be preventive development, in others - parallel, in third - adaptive, when making adjustments to goals. Here, the task arises of chronologically harmonizing the parameters of capacity development with the roadmap for the development of agribusiness and assessing the presence of problem zones and ways to eliminate them. The potential assessment was carried out for the agro-industrial complex of the Stavropol Territory. Its fragments are presented in the article.
The agricultural sector is objectively decisive in the development of the domestic economy. In the context of a volatile external environment, the intensification of globalization and integration into the world economic space, the presence of factors that constrained the effective functioning of the industry should be emphasized. The further development of the agricultural sector depends on the logistics of storage, the infrastructure of the agricultural market, the modernization or disposal of equipment, the adaptation of Russian products to the conditions of the international market, and compliance with the requirements for the quality and safety of raw materials and food products. To improve agrarian policies, the innovation component must be taken into account. Effective investment activities required State support. The basis for the formation of an innovative-oriented development strategy for agricultural enterprises is the definition of goals, the formulation of innovative guidelines. The formation of an innovative development strategy will increase the competitiveness of agribusiness products; ensure them a stable market position and effective functioning.
The study revealed an insufficient provision of highly qualified personnel in the Russian agro-industrial complex, the complication of agricultural production due to digital transformation and the introduction of innovations. Foreign experience shows the effectiveness of supporting agricultural producers through agricultural consulting. In Russia, there are various organizational structures that provide consulting services in the agro-industrial complex, both at the regional and district levels. Different structures have both advantages and disadvantages. Over the past five years, financing of consulting organizations has grown due to an increase in the volume from the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as extra-budgetary sources. In foreign countries, there are various formations for the provision of agricultural advisory services. The authors have systematized consulting services in agriculture of foreign countries according to the main institutions and sources of funding. Suggestions are given on the use of foreign experience in agricultural consulting in Russia.
The article analyzes the main problems of transport infrastructure in rural areas of the northern and eastern regions and its influence on the territory in 2020-2021. The national project «Comprehensive plan for the modernization and expansion of main infrastructure» was chosen as the object of analysis. The project is divided into two components: transport and energy. Within the framework of the transport part, two goals were set: creation and modernization of infrastructure for external transit routes through the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as the improvement of internal transport infrastructure. Most of our country, especially rural areas, are located in the Arctic, the Far North, Siberia, and the Far East, are devoid of railways, paved roads, and depend on a short period of summer-autumn sea and river navigation. The second goal, aimed at solving internal infrastructure problems, should become a priority within the framework of the implementation of the NP. It is worth noting the problem of reducing local small-aircraft airports, which are often non-alternative way of delivering goods and people. It leads to a significant decrease in the transport accessibility of rural areas. During the study, it was determined that the implementation of this project is complicated by a number of problems in administration (frequent changes in the structure of the project, the lack of publicly available passports of federal projects), in financing (annual changes in the amount of project financing), in related industries (construction and production of building materials). The paper offers solutions to the identified problems, directions for improving the project, enhancement related industries. Main results of NP in rural areas will be the improvement of transport infrastructure, an increase in freight traffic between urban and rural areas, creation and development of service infrastructure in rural areas and creation of new jobs.
The relevance of the topic of the study is confirmed by the significant impact of food prices on the social situation of the majority of the Russian population. According to RIA-Novosti, 71% of Russians spend more than 50% of their income on food and put it in a dependent position on food price conditions. According to FAO research, if in 2020 the increase in world food prices amounted to 3%, then in the Russian Federation 6.7%, including the price of dairy products increased by 7.3%, for meat products - by 3.7%, fruits - 34.4%, vegetables - 15.6%, potatoes - 38.9%. The outstripping increase in prices for sugar, sunflower oil and other products in 2021 caused concern of the Government and the President of the Russian Federation. The State Duma held parliamentary hearings on the topic: "Improving the legal mechanism of state regulation of pricing for essential food products" (10.03.2021). The Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation was forced to urgently develop and adopt a number of administrative measures restricting the export of individual food products. However, the measures taken may be temporary. In order for the food market to be stable and sustainable, an economic mechanism for its effective regulation must be developed and applied on the basis of a balance of interests between producers and consumers. As part of the study, distinctive approaches to the methodology formation of food market regulation were considered; proposals were made for its segmentation and the development of a set of regulatory measures for each segment and period of time. Data on the average monthly consumption of products for 2010-2018 per capita were obtained. An indicator of growth of retail prices in terms of products, caused by an increase in monetary incomes of the population, was calculated. It was noted that the increase in food prices at the level of growth in monetary incomes of the population meets the balance of interests of the producer and consumer of food products.
As a result of the research, the authors revealed that the conceptual idea of a significant part of the currently available approaches to assessing the innovative potential and innovative activity of social ecological and economic systems (SES) at the regional level is the study of the ability, capability and readiness of the territory to form an innovative economy. Social ecological and economic systems are characterized by cyclical development, which is determined by the nature and relations of the receipt and consumption of energy, substances and information. By its composition, the social ecological and economic system consists of internal and external elements and resulting indicators. Internal elements are resources, social and organizational-economic relations; external elements are the activities of the state to finance R&D, tax incentives for innovation, the existence of a state innovation policy. The resulting indicators reflect the specific weight (share), profitability of innovative products, the number of types of innovative activities, the economic effect of innovation, etc. To assess the internal components of the social ecological and economic system, including the innovative potential and innovative activity of agricultural organizations in the region, appropriate indicators can be allocated from the list of resources: financial, logistical, human, intellectual. The selected indicators can be used to assess the components of innovation activity. With innovative investment, the organization's income increases. Thus, potential investors will have the opportunity to increase profits, which in turn determines the investment attractiveness of innovatively active agricultural organizations. Applying an integrated approach at the regional level, it is possible to adjust the strategic directions of its innovative development, as well as predict the results of innovative activities.
In recent years, in the functioning of rural areas, there have been trends of increasing differentiation between rural settlements, as well as increasing, in dynamics, separation from urban agglomerations in terms of socio-economic indicators of development. This indicates the presence of significant flaws in the implemented organizational and economic mechanisms for the functioning and development of rural areas. In this regard, it is necessary to conduct research on the formation of effective organizational and economic mechanisms for rural development. It is necessary to identify the main problems and contradictions between the elements in the structure of the organizational and economic mechanism, to analyze the impact of rental factors, resource provision, institutional conditions on the OEM functioning and development of rural settlements. In the article, according to the Leningrad region, the population density, investment attractiveness of rural settlements, migration inflow and outflow depending on the distance from the center of the region are investigated. The basic industry of most rural areas is agriculture. The efficiency of resource use largely depends on the level of its development and integration of economic entities along the product creation chain. The types and main elements of organizational and economic mechanisms of economic entities in rural areas are identified.
In modern economic conditions, cluster structures are one of the most suitable options for the development strategy for agricultural sub complexes. The analysis of the current state of the agricultural sector of the Amur region has shown that a significant share of the gross agricultural output of the region belongs to crop production. In 2020, the volume of agricultural production at current prices amounted to 48.3 billion, the share of crop production – 71%. In this connection, in the conditions of agriculture in the Amur region, which is the breadbasket of the Far East, the development of a cluster strategy for the development of crop production on the basis of a comprehensive strategic analysis of the industry is of particular relevance. Based on the comprehensive strategic analysis of the current state of the crop production industry of the Amur region, the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of development are identified, as well as the existing prospects for the implementation of cluster policy in the region's industry are identified. The analysis of the cluster potential of crop production in the Amur region for the period from 2010 to 2020 determined that against the background of the unambiguous leadership of soybean production in the direction of strategic development, potential product clusters for the production of potatoes and cereals are distinguished on the basis of clustering. Based on the results of the strategic and cluster analysis, as well as taking into account the analytical review of documents regulating the strategic development of the agricultural sectors of Russia, the Far East and the Amur region, the mission, strategic goal, tasks and main priority directions of the cluster strategy for the development of the crop industry of the Amur region are determined. The next stage in the implementation of the designated priority directions of the development of the cluster strategy of the crop industry is the development of forecast development indicators and program measures that ensure the achievement of the strategic goal and the fulfilment of the designated tasks of the developed cluster strategy of the crop industry of the Amur region on the basis of scientifically based innovative approaches and technological solutions.