The article discusses the problem of increasing investment in agriculture in Russia. Investment activity in the industry was evaluated by a system of indicators in dynamics in the period 2014-2018. The following main trends were identified: there was a slight increase in the physical volume of investments in fixed assets (103.3‰), the share of investments in fixed assets in agriculture in the total investment increased from 3.8‰ to 4.4‰; there is a tendency towards an increase in the share of producers' own funds and a decrease in the share of borrowed funds in fixed capital investments, which is a consequence of difficulties in attracting borrowed capital. Currently, special attention is paid to the problem of increasing the efficiency of capital investments, in connection with which the following indicators were studied: return on assets, return on assets, coefficients of renewal and retirement of fixed assets. The article notes that at present one of the main constraining factors for the development of agriculture is the low level of accumulation in industry. To ensure growth at a rate exceeding the global one, it is necessary to increase the share of fixed capital accumulation up to 28-30‰. To achieve these indicators, it is necessary to create conditions for investment growth, including the formation of a favourable investment climate, improving monetary policy, increasing the financial stability of producers, ensuring the demand of the population, and building up export potential. The conditions for opening and running a business directly affect the flow of investment and economic growth; therefore, it is necessary, first of all, to improve the institutional environment for the development of investment activity.
The article considers the problem of the withdrawal of cropland from agricultural use in Russian Federation. The authors attempted, using the tools of statistical analysis, to make a forecast of changes in cultivated areas for the period up to 2025, as part of the strategic planning process for the development of agricultural land use in the Russian Federation for the medium term. The model for the forecast was selected by cross-validation taking into account the time factor, and a combination of three best models was chosen as the resulting model: random walk, theta model and exponential smoothing model. According to the forecast, by 2025 it is possible to expect an increase in crop area in the amount of 0.6 million hectares or 0.13‰ per year. The largest reduction in area is expected in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Kemerovo and Chelyabinsk regions. The largest increase is in the Bryansk and Amur regions.
The article contained a brief overview of the application of the programme-oriented approach to rural development in the pre-and post-electoral period, Including an analysis of the Federal Rural Social Development Programme for 1991-1995, Programs of revival of the Russian village and development of agro-industrial complex for 1991-1995, Federal targeted programs of rural social development for 2003-2013 and sustainable development of rural areas for 2014-2017 and for the period up to 2020. Showing that in many directions the social boundaries with which the village approached the reforms of the 1990s have not yet been restored. At the same time, agricultural production is growing faster than the Russian economy as a whole, imports and exports of food and agricultural raw materials are decreasing, which indicates an imbalance between the main national function of rural areas, which is to ensure food security and independence of the country, and their internal function aimed at life support, preservation and development of their own population. Further conservation of this imbalance poses a threat to the realization of the national goal of creating in the agro-industrial complex a high-productivity export-oriented sector, developed on the basis of modern technologies and provided with highly qualified personnel. The content of the State Program of the Russian Federation "Comprehensive Development of Rural Areas," developed in accordance with the Decree of the President of Russia, to solve systemic problems of the Russian village, and its resource provision, was evaluated. Proposals to improve the programme-oriented approach to rural development are presented.
The article discusses the state and ways of development of agriculture in Pridnestrovie. The lag in the scientific development of methodological and applied aspects of its reform was noted. The analysis of the state of the sectoral structure of agriculture in the PMR, the reform of rural ownership was carried out. Special attention is paid to organizational changes. A low level of land renter’s competence in farming production organization issues, financial management and also insufficient methodical and financial government’s support makes negative impact on effective land using, on activity in important industry generally. This leads to a degradation of socio-economic development rural regions, of republic in general, their food safety. The author proposes to strengthen the state role in the transformation of agriculture and the organization of economic entities on the basis of public-private partnership. In rent contracts the government’s goals have to be amplified while using a land under rent and also the tenant’s responsibility has to be amplified too. The leading role of the state in economic structures, which is guaranteed by the ownership of land, will allow to develop a strategically adjusted sectoral structure of agriculture in the interests of the state as a whole, its food security and individual business. The article also recommends the expansion of the technological chain of use of agricultural raw materials through their deep processing, the production of food items for the population, forage for livestock production, the departure from the role of a raw material donor, and thus the reduction of the dependence of the state on imports. Taking into account the agrarian orientation of the economy of the republic, the proposed measures will contribute to the preservation and effective use of the most important land, labour resources for it, as well as social and economic development and food safety in general.
This article analyzes the organizational and managerial aspects of water supply to agriculture. The strategies for reducing water scarcity are presented. Of particular importance is attached directions effective water use in conditions growing climate change. The risks and threats of the water supply of world agriculture are systematized and ways to overcome them are proposed. The importance of water availability for agricultural production is difficult to overestimate. The world agrarian sector consumes 69‰ (2722 km3 / year of water), in a number of regions agricultural water use makes up 80-90‰. For poor developing countries with rapidly growing populations and depletion of water sources, water scarcity is becoming a major problem. Water is the main factor limiting the increase in agricultural production: productivity on irrigated lands is on average 2-4 times higher than on the rainfed land. On irrigated lands, whose area is 17‰ of the global total, 40‰ of all food is produced. Water shortages in many regions of the world for irrigation are already covered by pumping water from rivers and aquafers, half of the irrigation water comes from non-renewable and non-local sources. The “development” of rivers for irrigation has become a very serious problem. According to FAO experts, 24‰ of the area of river basins in the world is characterized by a ratio of runoff to reserves of more than 0.4, which is considered an indicator of a “serious water shortage”. According to forecasts, in the period until 2025 the river flow will increase by 59‰ of the area of the river basins of the world, even taking into account the introduction of future new water-saving technologies.
The pork production is represented in most countries of the world and is a significant segment of the global food production. In this connection, developed countries are developing an effective system of state regulation of this industry. The article is devoted to the problem of state regulation of the pork production in Russia and abroad. Groups of countries are distinguished depending on whether their market for pork products is oriented towards import, export, or self-sufficiency. The main requirements and limitations of the World Trade Organization, which are related to the regulation of the pork market of the participating countries, are examined. The article outlines the main guidelines for the pork production in developed countries. The main instruments for influencing the industry and the corresponding market in countries of the world such as Brazil, China, EU countries, Russia are considered. The main global trends in this area are also indicated. Along with foreign experience, Russian practices of regulating and supporting the pig industry are given. The discussion compares Russian and foreign experience and highlights the main problems faced by the domestic pig industry. And also the priority directions of its development, which should be taken into account in the selection of instruments of state regulation, are indicated.
The agro-industrial complex was the most important economic economy in Russia, where vital products were produced, and huge economic potential was concentrated. The problem is that agriculture is less efficient than other sectors of the economy. In recent years, in order to restore and develop agriculture in an unstable economy in order to increase economic and food security in Russia, a Strategy for Support of Agro-Industrial Complex has been developed, which is being implemented through state support of investment projects in the regions; Goals and targets up to 2024 are set, the complexity of which consists in lack of funds, disproportionate distribution of finance among regions, inefficient evaluation of investment projects, etc. The article is devoted to the analysis of specific problems of state support and development of agro-industrial complex through investment projects as the main factor of increasing their efficiency due to reduction of investment costs. The aim of the study is to find reserves for the growth of added value of agricultural projects. The methodological basis of the study was the methods of theoretical analysis, study of materials of scientific and periodic publications on the problem, documentary analysis, and observation.
The existing economic and mathematical models of industrial development and the proportions of development of the agro-industrial complex did not sufficiently take into account macroeconomic factors. The article considers the model of long-term development of industries, which optimizes material and cost proportions of agro-industrial complex at the level of the country according to the criterion of maximization of food consumption by the population of Russia. The model includes a system of linear equations: resource and product balances, material and cost and reproduction balances. On the basis of the calculated volumes of production according to the basic model, a separate linear model determined the possible volumes of consumption by decile groups of the population and the volumes of food exports for 2030, taking into account the solvent demand within the country. The work analysed macroeconomic indicators of production and consumption; Trends in food consumption by country as a whole and by decile group (value and in kind); Dependence of consumption on the dynamics of real-disposable incomes of the population and other factors have been identified. The forecast of consumption and exports for 2030 is presented in two scenarios: the first - in conditions of growth of consumption per capita in accordance with the basic scenario of Russia, the second - while maintaining current trends in income and consumption. Conclusions were drawn on the possibility of achieving internal consumption according to rational standards and meeting the tasks of exporting products of the agro-industrial complex.
Statistics show that the mobilization of domestic resources for import substitution contributed to positive dynamics-Russian agriculture has reached a new level of sustainability and has a significant potential for integration into the world agri-food system. Qualitative changes are taking place in the domestic agro-industrial complex, but all the problems accumulated over many years have not been solved. The consequence of inefficient labour organization is a lag in productivity, profitability and quality. In the modernization of agricultural production, the main emphasis should be placed on the introduction of digital innovative technologies, with a focus on resource conservation, which would lead to savings in both material and labour resources, while ensuring intensive development. This requires a transition to the development of the principles of lean production in the agricultural sector. This will require the transformation of both external-export policy, state support, and internal factors of development of the industry, which are no less important. This is due to the specifics of agricultural production and technological losses of products at different stages. It is necessary to rethink the entire system of production, processing and sales of products to minimize or eliminate all types of losses. And this requires scientific study of the concept, methods, tools and mechanism of transition to lean production. The implementation of the principles of lean organization of production in agriculture will allow obtaining competitive products in quality and price, in demand from the point of view of self-sufficiency, and corresponding to the strategic prospects of earning on agricultural exports.
The article assessed the promising directions of development of the digital economy, as well as identified the directions of scientific research in which Russian scientists are leaders. In order to intensify the processes of implementation of information and communication technologies in Russia in recent years, the relevant normative and legal acts have been adopted, which involve the implementation of the relevant measures and their financing. At the same time, terminology, goals, objectives and partly the organizational mechanism are not sufficiently aimed at improving the efficiency of Russia’s economy. The main problems on which it is necessary to focus attention for active growth of the information component of the economy are considered in the work. In particular - training, specialization of scientific directions, costs of scientific research in terms of development and introduction of elements of digital technologies in the real sector of the economy.