Increasing exports of agri-food products is an important factor in achieving Russia's national development goals until 2030. The priority markets for Russian products include European Union countries. The key importance for the realization of the export potential of the Russian agriculture is to identify the features and assess the opportunities for the development of Russian agri-food exports to the EU countries, which is the purpose of this study. The degree of compliance of the export profile of Russia with the import profile of the EU countries, as well as the export profile of the EU with the import profile of Russia, were assessed using trade complementarity coefficients. The dynamics of complementarity indices indicate limited opportunities for a qualitative increase in Russian exports to the EU. The list of commodity groups for the export of which Russia has identified comparative advantages is established using the Balassa and Lafey indices. Most of the groups of agri-food products that Russia has advantages in exporting are supplied by our country to European markets. The share of such goods accounts for almost 60% of the current Russian agri-food exports to the EU countries. They also account for the bulk of the unrealized export potential of Russian agri-food products in European markets. Reaching the potential volumes of supplies to the EU will increase Russian exports of frozen fish to Europe by almost 3 times, wheat by 60%, corn by 5 times, and sunflower oil by almost 16 times. The full realization of Russia's export potential will increase by more than 70% the size of the supply of products to the pan-European market and thereby improve the negative balance of agri-food trade with the EU. At the same time, reaching a positive balance in Russia's agri-food trade with the EU in the foreseeable future is unlikely, despite the policy of the food embargo and the reorientation of Russian trade to the East.
In the twentieth century, industrialization and urbanization stimulated rural outflows from rural to urban areas. An increase in the proportion of the urban population was one of the indicators of the development of the country and its individual regions. The reduction of the rural population was stimulated by the state. The outflow of the population from the villages allowed increasing labor productivity and income of the remaining residents. With the adoption of the State Program for the Integrated Development of Rural Territories (SP IDRT), significant adjustments have been made to this policy: the main goal of the new policy is to prevent a decrease in the share of the rural population in its total number, maintain social control over the territory, and contribute to improving the national security of the country. To achieve the main goal, it is planned to ensure a sharp increase in the employment of the rural population, a faster increase in the incomes of the villagers compared to the townspeople, and an increase in the improvement of rural housing. In this article, in the order of scientific discussion, an attempt was made to consider an alternative SP IDRT version of the policy, which provides not for separate measures for the development of rural territories, but for the integrated development of rural-urban territories. To justify the alternative policy option, data were analyzed for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipal areas based on their classification. According to the results of the analysis, it was found that with an increase in the share of the rural population in the territory, employment and incomes of the population, social payments, budgetary security, and social control over the territory fall. The SP IDRT provides for the preservation of the share of the rural population at approximately the modern level by limiting the outflow of the population from rural settlements, which can negatively affect the employment and income of both rural and urban populations. To ensure the employment of the local population and maintain social control over the territories, it is advisable to form 700-800 urban settlements (small capitals) on the basis of existing rural settlements or the laying of new urban settlements in municipalities where there is no urban population (zero level of urbanization).
The article contains a critical analysis of the official system of indicators used to characterize the physical accessibility of food products to Russian citizens. The author's methodological and methodological approaches to the analysis of the implementation of the Doctrine of Food Security in terms of ensuring the physical accessibility of food products to the population are presented. The results of the statistical comparative assessment of the development of commodity-carrying infrastructure in urban and rural areas are presented. Proposals were made to develop a regulatory framework for the development of commodity-carrying infrastructure in the city and in the countryside and to monitor its condition at the settlement level as part of the state monitoring of the implementation of the Food Security Doctrine.
The article is devoted to the issues of economic accessibility of food to the population of the Russian Federation, which is one of the four main dimensions of food security. Issues related to food security are determined by the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation, where special attention is paid to calculating the volume of food production, which should be produced in volumes not less than the established threshold values of its specific weight in the commodity resources of the domestic market. The authors emphasize that economic accessibility, in contrast to the Doctrine of Food Security, implies providing the population with food, regardless of its sources of origin. National food security is considered to be achieved if there is a constant physical availability for all categories of the population of the necessary amount of safe and nutritious food, which allows meeting their nutritional needs for an active and healthy lifestyle, mainly due to the development of the domestic agro-industrial complex.
The article discusses topical issues of assessing the risks of the impact of climate change on the economic availability of the most expensive food products in the modern diet for the poorest segments of the population, which is currently one of the most alarming problems in the world scientific community. The model of the impact of climatic changes on the productivity of agricultural crops, which form the basis of the forage ration, presented in the article, makes it possible to predict the productivity of these crops. Of particular interest are the simulation calculations performed by the authors using the Monte Carlo method, based on probabilistic distributions of random factors, which make it possible to draw conclusions about the level of possible risks of economic affordability of meat and meat products for the poorest population of Russia in terms of income.
The problem of rational distribution and territorial specialization of agricultural production is of a spatial global nature, which should take into account qualitative changes in agricultural production due to the need to ensure the country's food security, as well as the growth of Russia's export potential in the world food market. As you know, the irrational distribution and specialization of agricultural production do not contribute to an increase in profitability and highly efficient use of resources. At present, agricultural organizations are focused not so much on the rational distribution of production and specialization, as on the maximum profit, without taking into account the scientific foundations of location and specialization. The state is also not interested in the rational location and specialization of agricultural production due to the need to increase the quantitative indicators of the functioning of agricultural production. The problem of the location and specialization of agricultural production at the present stage of development of the agrarian economy does not allow the maximum use of the available resources of agricultural organizations, does not contribute to the optimization of interregional exchange, as well as regional food security. Meanwhile, according to experts, Russian agriculture is capable of providing food to 500 million people. This requires the implementation of scientific approaches to organizing the location and specialization of agricultural production, it is necessary to optimize interregional exchange, thereby reducing the costs of agricultural and processing industry products, and increasing the purchasing power of the population. Based on the available statistical material, this paper analyzes the location and specialization of agricultural organizations in federal districts, and also calculates the provision of basic food products. The study provides arguments for the additional introduction of agricultural land into circulation, solely to ensure food security and ensure rational nutritional standards for the population of the Russian Federation, without taking into account the increase in food exports.
The aim of the work is to analyze trends and factors of corporate venture financing of innovative technological projects in the agro-industrial complex, where the object of research is the system of financing innovative projects in the agro-industrial complex. The subject of the research is the factors influencing the development of corporate venture capital of agricultural enterprises. During the study, the following tasks were solved:- Analysis of the conditions and prerequisites for the development of corporate venture capital in the agro-industrial complex;- Study of problems in the system of financing innovative projects in the field of agro-industrial complex;- Analysis of trends in the development of corporate venture in the agricultural sector;- Determination of key indicators of corporate venture financing required in the development of an effective system for financing innovative projects. The research used methods of analysis and synthesis, statistical methods of analysis (correlation analysis).The paper shows the conditions and prerequisites for the development of corporate venture capital in the agro-industrial complex. Four key factors of corporate venture financing have been identified that significantly determine the innovative performance of the parent organization.
The reduction of spatial heterogeneity (differentiation) creates more favourable conditions for the development of the national market, the harmonization of socio-economic transformations, the formation of an all-Russian mentality at a qualitatively higher level, and the strengthening of the unity of the Russian state. On the contrary, increasing heterogeneity makes it difficult to carry out a unified policy of socio-economic transformations and the formation of a national market, increases the risks of regional crises and interregional conflicts, the disintegration of the national economy, and the weakening of the integrity of society and the state. The use of the program-target method of forecasting socio-economic indicators is currently the most effective, since the formation and execution of budgets of different levels of the budget system is also carried out by the program-target method. Ensuring the effectiveness of the system of budgetary relations is one of the most important state tasks. The unstable economic situation, which is typical for the present time, causes a shortage of financial resources at all levels of the budget system. Therefore, the issue of the competent organization of the allocation of budget resources is of particular relevance for ensuring socio-economic development. The study summarized the practice of local self-government development and identified the need for further improvement of legislation to strengthen the role of local self-government in solving socio-economic problems through financial mechanisms, combining the powers of local self-government bodies and the program-target method of budget formation. So, using the example of a specific municipality - the Kishertsky Municipal District of the Perm Territory, it was revealed that the relationship between the implemented programs and the indicators of its socio-economic development is quite close. In addition, many indicators of socio-economic development are reflected in several programs at once. It follows from the above that the process of regional development must be regulated and predicted.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the results of cadastral assessment of the average value of agricultural land at the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that are part of the Non-Black Earth Economic Zone, and comparison of land rents with the yield of the land user. General and private factors influencing the cadastral value of land have been investigated. Formal and informal rules and rules for the organization of the agricultural land market have been identified. Advantages and disadvantages of methodological approaches and methods of cadastral assessment are considered. The average value of land rents for non-Black Earth entities as a whole is calculated based on two methods: capitalization of rental income and market rent. The average value of land rents of the landowner is compared with the profit of the land user, taking into account government subsidies, per 1 hectare. It was established that the use of two calculation methods makes it possible to smooth out the overstatement of the current cadastral value in most regions of the non-Black Earth region. Economic instruments for regulating the profitability of the landowner and the land user are proposed by establishing at the legislative level a rent rate calculated from the cadastral value and a minimum lease period for land plots under state and municipal ownership.
In Russia the agrarian and industrial complex and the defense industry complex are two non-oil export-oriented diversified leaders who serve according to more than 140 and 100 industries. In third place in export leadership are IT technologies. The world is dominated by grain-potato nutrition and there is a clear trend in growing potato yields. Today, most domestic agricultural organizations and peasant farms do not have modern storage facilities and workshops for the processing of non-standard tubers for starch, cattle cleaning, equipment for washing food potatoes, packing and packaging, including vacuumizing a purified "hogweed" set. As a result, numerous intermediaries and resellers, processors and traders at the expense of poverty-stricken agricultural producers (up to 15-20‰ of agricultural property and agricultural property become unprofitable annually) increase their income by 2-3 times. The article considers organizational elements of the work of modern agricultural production and trade cooperatives (SPTC), created on the basis of small forms of economy, as well as agro-industrial enterprises (AP) and associations, organized on the basis of medium and large agricultural enterprises. It is possible to restore domestic seed production within 3-4 years, when industry research institutes (originators of varieties and hybrids) will transfer their breeding achievements to farm specialized seed-growing SPTC, which promising zoned varieties will be sold in all regions of Russia in their own trading network.