Enterprises included in the core of the cluster must have a stable financial position to avoid bankruptcy, since their expediency is determined not only by "direct" indicators of the performance of production activities, such as yield, income, production capacity, sown areas, but also by "indirect" indicators that ensure continuity and the safety of the operation of the enterprise is a sufficient supply of labor and a stable increase in equity capital. According to the views of G. Ellison and E. Glaser, F. Marell and B. Sedillot, the relevance of the concentration of microzone production and the presence of agglomeration contributes to the formation of a cluster. In the future, cluster formations in Russia may become a prerequisite for reducing unemployment, concentrating capital and increasing the profitability of agricultural formations. Based on the accumulation algorithm, an economic assessment of the effective functioning of the cluster system was carried out and the areas of the Saratov region most favourable for the formation of the core of the grain product cluster were identified. The hypothesis of the relevance of the production concentration of the micro zone was confirmed by the indicators of the "strength" of agglomeration - the average coefficients are 0.04 and 0.05 points, which corresponds to an average and stable concentration. It should be noted that these characteristics indicate the possibility of forming separate cluster formations in the grain economy on the right and left banks of the region, which is a positive trend for increasing the level of food security in the region and forming export potential.
In the conditions of global instability, the influence of global trends and the disruption of existing interstate relations, state bodies face two important tasks There are ensuring the effective development of the agricultural industry and the physical and economic accessibility of the population to food products with high quality characteristics and in assortment. The article gives an assessment of the current state of development of agro-industrial production and the agro-food market in Siberia. The rates of development of production and consumption of basic foodstuffs per capita in the regions of the district have been determined. The indicators of the provision of the Siberian Federal District (actual capacity of demand, level of self-sufficiency, potential capacity of demand, degree of saturation of the food market in terms of demand) are calculated for the main food products produced in the regions of the district (grain, potatoes, vegetables, milk, meat, livestock and poultry, eggs). A cluster analysis was carried out using the SPSS program (version 22.0) by the Ward method, the results of which allow a differentiated approach to the effective management of agro-industrial production and the agro-food market. The role of agro-industrial production in solving the problem of providing the population with basic food products is shown. The main problems that have a negative impact on the development of agro-industrial production and the agro-food market in Siberia are presented. The main directions of development of the agro-food market of Siberia in the conditions of improving interregional and interstate relations are proposed.
The article is devoted to the problem typical for the Northwestern Federal District. Where, against the background of the priority development of animal husbandry, there is a shortage of own ingredients of concentrated feed and, above all, fodder grain. The Leningrad region is the leader of the district in terms of production and milk yields of milk and poultry meat, which increases its dependence on the forage base. The purpose of the article is to assess the current dependence of the region's livestock on the purchase of certain types of concentrated feed in terms of the potential for sustainable development of the livestock industry. The article provides an assessment of the need for concentrated feed to meet the needs of livestock. The calculation is given for feed for which the region has the potential to increase production volumes (barley, wheat, oats, and rapeseed). Attention is drawn to the high dependence of the region on the supply of grain from other subjects of the Russian Federation, which is a factor hindering the sustainable development of the livestock industry. The consequences of this dependence are assessed, such as the volatility of prices for grain feed, a decrease in the profitability of livestock farms, and a general decrease in financial stability.
The relevance of a subject of a research is caused by strategic importance of ensuring transition of economy of the Russian Federation (RF) to the new industrial and technological level of functioning. This task set as well before the agrarian sector of Russia, directly concerns branch of crop production as results of activity of a number of regions it is characterized by excess production and export of agricultural raw materials (mainly wheat seeds). For its decision the Government of the Russian Federation approved the Strategy of development for agro-industrial and fishery complexes of Russia until 2030 reflecting the priority directions of improvement of their activity in the medium term, one of which is modernization of the sphere of food and processing industry of the country for the purpose of increase in volumes of production with high added value and expansions of its range in domestic and foreign markets. As tools measures of customs tariff and non-tariff regulation of foreign economic activity of economic entities of Russia which cause a set of a controversy among a number of experts and producers of agricultural products were developed for the mechanism of high-quality changes. In work taking into account the interests of domestic producers correction of the acting mechanism of a grain damper on the basis of calculation of an indicator of admissible volume of selling of raw materials abroad and differences between indicative (world) and internal market the prices and also costs of export logistics is offered. The approaches to subsidizing of the enterprises of primary and deep (industrial) processing of grain (on the example of the Saratov region) directed to stimulation of their development and assuming allocation of criteria of redistribution of the state support on volumes of production, a prime cost covering, profitability level are proved. Formulas of calculation of optimum volumes of the budgetary resources for achievement of an indicator of level of profitability of the industry on average up to 42% are presented.
The article considers current trends in the functioning of the Russian canned fish market and proposes mechanisms for increasing its capacity. This article is aimed at updating the information base of the state of the Russian canned fish market, as well as at developing the theoretical, methodological provisions of its functioning in the conditions of shock institutional transformations of economic relations. The presented material considers a system of mechanisms for increasing the capacity of the canned fish market, based on an analysis of its state and modern consumer preferences, which makes it possible to formulate recommendations for improving the system of measures and mechanisms for regulating the functioning of the canned fish industry. Using as the main method of a comprehensive scientific and methodological assessment of socio-economic relations, trends were identified and proposals were formulated to improve the mechanisms for developing the canned fish market. Novelty and scientific contribution are determined by the provisions that reveal the monitoring of the current state and prospects for the development of the Russian canned fish market. The formulated conclusions and developed recommendations make it possible to improve the system of measures and mechanisms aimed at achieving an increase in the capacity of the canned fish market and increasing the consumption of canned fish by the population up to 3 kilograms per person per year by 2030.
The state of acquisition of foreign publications of the scientific special library is considered. There is a shortage of current foreign publications in the library’s collections due to the lack of subscriptions to printed publications and the death of international document exchange. The role of foreign publications in the formation of CSAL information products and informing users is emphasized. The essence and basic data about open access to scientific publications, the main models of open access and its advantages are considered. The role of open access journals at the present stage in obtaining reliable information about the state of world agriculture, about the trends of its development in individual countries, about the achievements and prospects for the development of agricultural science in foreign countries is emphasized. The purpose of the study was to create a list of open-access foreign journals for use in CSAL information products and library bibliographic services. Work has been carried out to search for full-text open access journals on the problems of agriculture, their study, analysis and selection. In the process of researching Internet resources, 784 journals on agriculture and the food industry were selected., including agriculture economics ‑ 64; forestry ‑ 67; biology of agricultural plants ‑ 51; animal husbandry – 120, veterinary medicine ‑ 91, mechanization and automation of agriculture ‑ 64, food industry – 112 journals, plant protection – 215 journals. The study has shown that in the list of 136 journals selected from Internet resources (17.5%) are the key ones, i.e. the most authoritative, prestigious, published for many decades, mostly with a high impact factor.
As the experience of the powerful development of China and Russia has shown, a modern land policy and an effective land management system are urgently needed. In accordance with our Constitution, land and other natural resources are used and protected in the Russian Federation as the basis of the life and activities of the peoples living in the respective territories. The Land Code of the Russian Federation has established the priority of protecting land as an essential component of the environment and means of production in agriculture and forestry before using land as immovable property. These fundamental laws should be the basis of a new land policy and a modern system of state land management.
The article presents the author's method of clustering the subjects of the Russian Federation according to the level of food security, based on the analysis of groups of goods that do not meet the threshold value established by the Food Security Doctrine. The authors have identified and characterized four types of regions: the donor region with export-oriented production, the donor region with an orientation to domestic demand, the recipient region with advanced import substitution, the recipient region with an orientation to domestic demand. A cartographic method based on color marking was used to visualize the data. The results of the study showed that the recipient regions with advanced import substitution are closely adjacent to the donor regions with export-oriented production, which provide the recipient regions with products that do not have their own production. The largest share of recipients is observed in the category of vegetables and fruits. Donor regions with export potential are characterized by the largest share of their own production, a high share of exports and the absence of imports. Donor regions with import potential do not sell products for export and do not attract imports due to self-sufficiency. Recipient regions with export potential produce part of the products themselves, and the lack is compensated by attracting imports in a larger volume from the required, with the aim of further export to recipient regions. The main federal districts in which there is a negative food balance are the Central, North-Western, Ural, Siberian Federal Districts. Within the framework of this study, the proposed approach to the analysis of food security for basic foodstuffs allows us to visualize real and hypothetical changes in indicators in three main areas: production, distribution and consumption, as well as to identify producing regions in the country – donor regions and consuming regions of increased attention - recipient regions.
Digitalization has become an integral part of society's life; it flows into all spheres of the national economy. Digitalization in Russia began its active development in 2017 from the moment of approval of the program "Digital Economy of the Russian Federation". In terms of economic and innovative results of the use of digital technologies, the Russian Federation is currently ranked 38th, far behind the leading countries such as Finland, Switzerland, Sweden, Israel, Singapore, the Netherlands, the United States of America, Norway, Luxembourg and Germany. The development of the digital culture of society is caused by the need for Russia's full-fledged entry into the process of economic globalization. In this regard, the digital development of the agro-industrial complex, as a key outgrowth of the national economy, is a priority. The article analyzes the level of digitalization in the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The range of problems and prospects for the development of the agro-industrial complex of the region in the conditions of digitalization is outlined. The authors propose a set of measures aimed at improving digital platforms implemented in agriculture. In this regard, the authors of the article summed up the effectiveness of digitalization of production at the level of individual enterprises, municipal districts and the republic as a whole.
Food independence of the country, minimizing the consequences associated with sanctions, export-import restrictions, problems in logistics, the policy of developing rural areas, creating a comfortable environment for the life of the rural population, ensuring the technological sovereignty of the agricultural sector of the economy within the framework of the departmental project "Digital Agriculture" determined the most significant areas for improving the efficiency of agricultural producers: the use of digital solutions in the industry, the creation of a system of continuous training of specialists of agricultural enterprises in order to form their competencies in the field of the digital economy. The transition of the agricultural sector to a digital development model is largely determined by the readiness to implement digital solutions. Human capital is a strategic resource for the digitalization of the agricultural sector. The implementation of digital solutions in the field of labor in the agricultural sector motivates domestic agricultural producers to introduce digital technologies into the production process, and specialists employed in the industry to develop digital competencies. In the formation of digital competencies, it is obvious that the basis for the transformation of human capital is the process of mastering professional knowledge, skills and abilities through the implementation of systemic measures of continuous training. The article discusses the areas of digitalization, digital solutions for the agricultural sector, highlights the barriers to the use of digital technologies in the industry, suggests options for digital competencies for training agricultural specialists on the digital platform "Bank of Digital Competences of the Agricultural Sector". The implementation of digital solutions in the field of labor in the agricultural sector of the economy and the formation of digital competencies of specialists employed in the industry increase the competitive advantages of the implemented human resources.