The country's agri-food complex is in the process of transformation and transition to a new digital way of development. This process requires the development of methodological approaches to change the existing organizational and economic mechanism of food supply to the regions of the country, preventing a decrease in its current potential and efficiency. Digital transformation in the field of food supply occurs unevenly: it is relatively successfully implemented in trade, processing of products and only in some large agro-formations. The majority of medium and small agricultural producers are in the initial stage of implementing some elements (automation of accounting, use of the Internet and mobile banking). In order to digitalize all economic activities, they have to overcome significant barriers, financial constraints, access to them, the lack of domestic competitive software and digital devices for digitizing technological processes. As a result, the effectiveness of the regional food supply system as a single whole mechanism is significantly reduced. All this requires the development of a new organizational and economic mechanism for the digital transformation of the food supply chain, taking into account sanctions restrictions and geopolitical risks in order to increase the country's food security. The main contradictions in the food supply chain have been identified and proposals have been made to mitigate those using digital solutions. The ways of transition of the regional food complex to a new mechanism based on digital technologies, taking into account the economic and social goals of balanced spatial development of all participants in the food supply chain, are substantiated. Proposals are made to create institutional conditions for the formation of effective systems etc. the organizational and economic mechanism of the digital transformation of economic relations.
Despite the adoption of a special Law (No. 260-FZ) in 2011, the agricultural insurance system with state support is not developing effectively enough. Over the years, 10-13 kopecks of insurance claims have been paid per ruble of insurance premiums in the country as a whole, and only in recent years the payment rate has grown to 25-50 percent, which also cannot be considered normal. This became possible, since the "Rules for insurance (standard) of agricultural crops, planting of perennial plantings, carried out with state support," developed by the "National Union of Agricultural Insurers," allow insurance companies to dictate their conditions to agricultural producers, and the "independent" examination, the services of which are paid by the insurer, works in the interests of the employer. Under this situation, the crop insurance system functioned largely due to the coercion of farmers to conclude insurance contracts, since on the basis of Article 11 of Law No. 260-FZ it is allowed to link the amount of subsidies for various types of state support for agricultural producers with their crop insurance policy. This norm of the Law has been actively used for more than 10 years. The article proposes to immediately carry out the following measures: 1 differentiate the criteria for insurance events depending on the degree of risks that insurance companies undertake to cover; 2 to change the procedure for conducting an examination to determine insured events when insuring crop crops with state support, attracting for this purpose a specially created commission under the Government of the constituent entities of the Federation; 3 Remove article 11 from Act No. 260-FZ of 2011, thereby ending the practice of imposing crop insurance policies with State support by administrative methods. Taking into account the specifics of crop insurance, contracts (contracts) for which are incomplete, it is necessary to provide a mechanism for coordinating the interests of the insured and the insurer. To this end, in addition to improving the regulatory framework for agricultural insurance, it is proposed to create conditions for expanding the number of agricultural insurers through specialized insurance companies and mutual insurance companies.
Krasnodar Territory is a key agricultural region in Russia, actively employing innovative technologies to support the sustainable development of its agro-industry. In a world where challenges such as climate change, emerging technologies, and increased competition are on the rise, the issue of innovation in the agro-industrial sphere is becoming a critical strategic objective for achieving stable growth in the agricultural sector. Automated technologies are actively utilized in the region for monitoring the yield and health of livestock. Scientific research is conducted with the aim of improving the quality of agricultural products, minimizing environmental impact, and creating new breeds of animals and plant varieties. Government support focuses on enhancing agricultural productivity and the quality of raw materials through the provision of grants and reimbursements for livestock maintenance and breeding expenses. The implementation of new technologies in crop and animal production enables the automation of processes, improving their efficiency and accuracy, leading to an increase in output. Additionally, the development of digital platforms and analytical tools assists farmers in making informed decisions, optimizing costs, and increasing profitability. These measures contribute not only to enhancing production efficiency, but also to strengthening the position of the Krasnodar Territory on the domestic and international markets.
The article describes promising ways to improve the efficiency of agricultural production using the example of a specific agricultural enterprise specializing in the crop production segment. Based on an analytical review of current trends in the financial and economic state of the production environment, potential foundations for qualitative modernization of technological processes have been identified. The importance of implementing modern means of influencing the formation of production costs to optimize resource allocation for ensuring the normative profitability of agricultural production is demonstrated. A description of a project mechanism for transitioning to an automated system of production process regulation and the implementation of "lean production" technology is presented. Numerous observations on the development of modern support tools for management decision-making systems confirm the relevance of introducing machine learning technology in processing large datasets and automating key technological processes in crop production. An economic description of the feasibility of implementing automated support tools for technological processes in the crop production segment within the studied production system is provided. The practical possibility of transitioning to a closed production cycle and entering the local fruit and berry product market is substantiated.
A key trend in the consumption of organic food is the assessment of the ability of the local population to buy organic products at higher prices relative to traditional ones. The size of the potential price premium in the organic market is taken into account when developing marketing and production strategies for both existing and future organic agricultural producers. The purpose of the study was to analyze the impact of indicators of the socio-demographic profile of consumers on their willingness to buy organic food in several commodity groups: meat and meat products, milk and dairy products, vegetables and cereals. The materials were the results of a questionnaire survey of 370 respondents from Novgorod, Pskov, Leningrad regions and St. Petersburg. The peculiarities of preferences among potential consumers of organic products were determined, among which the following were most often represented: persons with higher education; women under the age of 30 and from 31 to 40 years old; families with one, at least two children; respondents with an average monthly income of 25.1 to 30 thousand rubles and more than 40.1 thousand rubles per 1 person. It was revealed that the presence of various kinds of encumbrances for the family budget (loans, etc.) has the least effect on the willingness of consumers to buy organic vegetables, even at a price 2 times or more high than the cost of conventional products. Among those who expressed a desire to purchase organic products regardless of their price, the largest group of respondents (34%) was observed in the segment of organic milk and dairy products. At the current stage of development of the organic products market in our country, the results of the study can be used by manufacturers of this type in the course of business planning to reduce uncertainty in their activities and reduce risks in the future, including due to incomplete information about the level of consumer demand.
The purpose of the study is to determine the efficiency of the organic crop production based on a combination of traditional and organic methods of agricultural production. The advantage of the applied optimization approach is revealed. This advantage consists of the fact that the areas where the organically oriented system is used will not overlap in crop rotations with the traditional system of sowing crops. The conclusion is made about the need for active development of simultaneous use of organic and traditional agricultural production technologies. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the assumption that organic and traditional farming systems can effectively function simultaneously, gradually transforming into such an agricultural technology that can meet the current and anticipated needs of the population for high-quality and environmentally safe food. The practical significance of the study is determined by the fact that its results are appropriate for use by current and potential agricultural producers for planning and implementing the developed universal economic and mathematical model for optimizing parallel crop rotations, by the management bodies of the agro-industrial complex at the federal, regional and municipal levels in order to expand the boundaries of organic agricultural production.
The article considers the economic efficiency of the use of chemicals in agricultural enterprises of the Kurgan region. The increase in the use of fertilizers and plant protection products in the period from 1976 to 2023 did not lead to an increase in grain yields, but affected a decrease in profitability, especially in 2022-2023. Partially, the lag in yield growth from the cost of chemicals may be due to a decrease in moisture availability, which is reflected in a decrease in the hydrothermal coefficient. On the other hand, the decrease in the profitability of crop production is associated with a decrease in prices for crop products, primarily for grain and an increase in prices for means of production. In the economic assessment of the use of chemicals, groupings of agricultural enterprises were carried out according to the level of costs per hectare of sowing grain crops. The method of chain substitutions was used to determine the main factors of profitability reduction. With the help of a web application developed by the authors, an analysis of the economic efficiency of the use of fertilizers in the experiments of the Kurgan Research Institute was carried out. The data of experiments on testing fertilizers in the existing economic conditions (low grain prices and high prices for chemicals) confirm the low level of economic efficiency of fertilizers in production. The experience of conducting effective farming of agricultural enterprises of the region is summarized. One of these enterprises is CJSC Kolkhoz Novy Put. In order to create appropriate conditions in most other enterprises, the State should take measures to increase revenues by significantly increasing their financial support.
The changed geopolitical situation requires a reorientation to the current needs of rural areas. For the development of these territories, it becomes necessary to train, improve the skills and employ agricultural personnel in the acquired specialty, and create conditions for their retention in rural areas. The objects of the study are regions with agricultural specialization. The authors assessed the contribution of individual regions to the gross pressed value of both the economy of the whole country and in the structure of individual regions; considered the structure of the average headcount of employees in the studied industry in the regional section, analyzed the shortage of personnel for individual categories of agricultural workers, analyzed the contribution of the industry "Agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming" to the creation of Gross Added Value at the level of the whole country and individual regions. This approach allows focusing the study on agricultural areas. The analysis of statistical data revealed low retention of agricultural personnel, which is due to such factors as: low prestige of agricultural professions and specialties, insufficiently developed social infrastructure of the village, etc., at the same time, in the conditions of personnel shortage and intensive import substitution, there is an increase in labor productivity and wages. The work shows the presence of professional and qualification disproportions in the agricultural labor market. The authors proposed to develop cooperation between agricultural universities and rural schools, develop the social sphere and infrastructure of agriculture, which will allow retaining young people in rural areas.
Law indicator of "life expectancy at birth" in rural areas is especially noticeable in the Far Eastern Federal District and in the Republic of Buryatia, in particular. One of the reasons for this negative phenomenon is poor nutrition of the population. The article examines the peculiarities of nutrition in urban and rural areas of the Republic of Buryatia, analyzes the related socio-economic factors. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the socio-economic situation of the Republic of Buryatia is such that the region does not fully provide itself with any of the most important food products; that in both rural and urban areas "harmful" simple carbohydrates predominate in the diet of the population. As a result of the study, the following main measures are proposed: it is necessary to develop educational projects about benefits of gardening, as well as to provide a subsidy to rural large families of the Far East to buy a freezer – this will allow to keep berries and vegetables fresh with a freezing technology that is harmless to health, compared with preservation with salt, sugar and vinegar. Thus, it will be possible to preserve and multiply human capital, without which all other types of economic resources become useless.
Among the leading areas of production in the Altai Territory stand out deep processing of milk, the production of flour and cereals. In the dairy industry, during the period under review, growth was observed in almost all directions, which allowed the region to take first place among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the production of cheeses and dry whey and maintain a leading position in the production of butter. There is also a positive trend in the meat industry, where an increase in the production index was recorded. In the milling and cereal industry, despite the preservation of the region's leadership, a negative rate of production was noted, which is associated with a decrease in demand and increased competition with neighboring regions. Particular attention is paid to state support, which has a positive impact on the increase in production volumes. It is expressed in subsidizing short-term lending to food and processing industries. It also provides data on the fulfillment of the main indicators of the development of the industry and analyzes the reasons for non-fulfillment of some of them. It is concluded that the provision of subsidies, benefits and other forms of support to enterprises in the industry, including export support, plays an important role in the development of the food and processing industry.