The universal strategic planning system does not fully take into account the specialization of individual macro-regions with different levels of economic, financial, environmental and social sustainability and efficiency. Balanced spatial development of macro-regions is based on the rational use of the diversity of economic opportunities of the subjects of the Russian Federation that are part of the federal District, their natural resources, accumulated scientific, technical and human potential, the advantages of territorial division of labour and industrial cooperation with a general focus on the integrated socio-economic development of regions; implementation of special employment programs in labour-surplus regions, measures to raise depressed areas. The analysis shows that the strategic documents existing at the level of the North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD) and at the level of its subjects define the main directions, ways and means of achieving the goals of sustainable development and ensuring national security of the territories, without highlighting the system of the main industries that have a system of unique competitive advantages and can become "points of growth". For the NCFD, economic priorities are related to the agricultural sector of the economy, which is the main one for socio-economic development, the formation of a competitive environment in the regions, and solving the problem of employment in the North Caucasus. In the article, the planning system for the development of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) of the North Caucasus Federal District is structured according to territorial levels of management. Then the blocks devoted to the development of agro-industrial complex strategies of the North Caucasus Federal District and subjects are analyzed, their common and unique are highlighted. The organizational and economic mechanism for the development of a conceptual and strategic document for the development of agriculture at the federal district level and the structure of the concept of sustainable development of agriculture of the North Caucasus Federal District, taking into account the territorial differentiation of conditions and results of activities based on effective interaction and realization of the potentials of the multi-layered agrarian economy of the subjects of the district and selective state support, are proposed.
The purpose of the work is to build a functional model of the system of land relations in agriculture. When creating it, the methodology of systems analysis with a decomposition approach was effectively applied. A scientifically grounded model of the system of land relations in agriculture represents the object under study in the form of highlighted functional and information and communication subsystems, their specific features, a set of elements, connections and relationships between them, has the property of integrity, has a positive impact on the development of the system through various levels of management. Directions of using functionally-oriented accounting resources and development of information and communication subsystems, including actors, species systems, information content, reinforced by a database, computer programs are proposed. The functions in the system of land relations in agriculture (accounting, distribution and redistribution, state control (supervision) over the use and protection of land, the proper use of land) have been systematized, for each of which typical connections with indicators, inputs and outputs of the system, which together characterize its dynamic behaviour. The inputs of the land system are formalized; a symbolic description of the relationship between subsystems, elements, and functional relations of the model is given. A functional model for managing state supervision and control over the use and protection of agricultural land at the federal, municipal and public levels has been constructed from the standpoint of improving functions aimed at improving the quality of land legislation, interdepartmental work, and the use of benchmarking, which create prerequisites for enhancing the efficiency of activities. The area of application of the developed functional model of the system of land relations is scientific organizations, legislative authorities and governing bodies of the agro-industrial complex at the federal, regional and municipal levels.
Changing production objectives and business priorities determines the evolution and diversification of activities in the economy. The relevance of the study is determined by the significance of choice for the region and the development of activities, maximally affecting the economic growth, employment and income of the population, The article assessed the types of activities for the Moscow region using the attractiveness-competitiveness matrix for their contribution to the gross regional product compared to other regions and the average annual growth rate of the real estate for 2017-2019. The analysis of the matrix showed that the leading types were predominantly service rather than wealth-producing activities. The type of activity "rural, forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming» is classified as low-attractiveness and low-competitiveness activities. This is largely due to agglomeration processes in the region. Economic and social indicators of the development of the territories of urban districts depending on the distance from the Moscow Ring Road were analyzed. Agglomeration processes in the Moscow region, greater diversification of the economy contribute to the equalization of socio-economic indicators of the development of rural territories
The article presents the results of analyzing the agricultural sector of the Kaliningrad region in the aspect of ensuring its food security. The authors proposed an approach to the diagnosis of food security; more attention is paid to the development and results of approbation of an algorithm for analyzing the physical availability of basic food types for the population of the region. The developed algorithm includes the following steps: Assessment of the level of physical availability of basic food types, determining the level of self-sufficiency of the population by the main food products, the formation of a prognostic assessment of the level of self-sufficiency of the population of the region by the main foods, determination of the coating coefficient of food imports. The paper presents the results of its use when analyzing the level of self-sufficiency of the Kaliningrad region, the main food products from the position of the food independence. The results of the implementation of each of the steps within the proposed algorithm obtained during the study are described in detail. Based on the analysis of temporary series, trends in the development of the industry are determined; the results of the prognostic assessment of the level of self-sufficiency of the region of agricultural products are presented. Analysis of the dynamics of the level of self-sufficiency of the region The main types of agricultural products was supplemented with an analysis of another coefficient, allowing to assess the level of physical availability of food, namely the coefficient of coverage of food products. The studies have allowed the authors to conclude that the value of the self-sufficiency coefficient on the main food products belongs to the permissible level, but the calculation and analysis of the second coefficient indicates a high degree of dependence of the region from the import of food. The identified trends characteristic of the region agriculture allow the authors to talk about the projected improvement in the physical availability of food through the development of its own production, which will improve the level of food independence.
The article is devoted to the relationship of development and state regulation measures used in the food and processing industries of the Altai Territory, the main areas of activity of industry enterprises, the total number of enterprises engaged in the processing of agricultural raw materials and the production of food products are listed. According to the indices of food and beverage production presented in the article, the positive dynamics of the industry can be judged in the region. The leading areas of production of Altai Krai products, which are deep processing of milk, the production of flour and cereals, have been identified. During the analyzed period, the index of production in the dairy industry showed growth in almost all areas, the region took first place among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the production of cheese and dry whey and retained a leading position in the production of butter. Positive dynamics in the meat industry was noted, data on the growth of the production index were given, directions were indicated that ensure positive results in the industry and industry leaders. Considering the indicators of the flour-and-cereal industry, there was a negative rate of production, which could be associated primarily with a decrease in demand for these products and increased competition with neighboring regions. The volume of food produced outside the region amounted to about 80% of the total volume of food produced. The positive impact on the growth of state support production, expressed in subsidizing short-term lending to enterprises of the food and processing industry, is emphasized; the dynamics and structure of subsidies are indicated. Data on the implementation of the main indicators of the development of the food and processing industry are presented and an analysis of the causes of non-fulfilment of some of them is presented. The conclusion was made about the factors of further development of the industry.
Currently, the activities of all sectors of the economy can no longer be imagined without information and communication technologies (digital services, products using information technology, big data, etc.). A necessary condition for the digitalization of agricultural economy branches is their achievement of a high level of informatization and automation in order to increase the economic efficiency of production. This requires a constant search for ways to manage the economic and social changes caused by digital transformation. The topic of agricultural informatization has been discussed at various levels for many years: companies developing information solutions declare bold and far-reaching plans. However, in practice, there are few cases of the introduction of "smart" technologies in the agro-industrial complex of the Novosibirsk region - these are rather point projects than a trend has taken shape. And they are most often implemented by large agricultural conglomerates that have resources; the bulk of the sector's enterprises are not in a hurry to digitalize yet. Today, the agriculture sector of the Novosibirsk region is one of the largest and most significant sectors of the Russian economy. The industry meets the needs of the region in grain and grain products, potatoes and vegetables, eggs, dairy and meat products. Robotization of agricultural production in the Novosibirsk region is a key condition for its digitalization, first of all, it is the introduction of mobile and stationary robotic complexes that can be used in various fields (crop production, animal husbandry, closed soils, the creation of artificial ecosystems similar to natural ones and in many other areas).The use of digital technologies in the management of the agro-industrial complex of the Novosibirsk region is characterized by the active use of specialized databases and software in the agricultural sectors of the region.
The relevance of the topic of research is due to the need to address the issues of food security of the region, as the most influential factor in the quality of life of the population, especially those living in rural areas. The article is aimed not only at reflecting negative trends and identifying problems in the agro-industrial complex of the region, but also at developing conceptual approaches to solving them. The article draws attention to the possibility of changing the situation in the agro-industrial complex of the region due to the transition from medium-term horizons to synchronous long-term planning of sectoral development together with the dominant economic entities, thereby ensuring unity and integrity in achieving the goals and objectives set for the industry. In addition, the improvement of the situation in the agro-industrial complex can be facilitated by a change in state agrarian policy in terms of measures that ensure an accelerated scientific and technological breakthrough. An integrated approach to solving the problem will ultimately lead to the formation and development of the food market of the region, contributing to a qualitative change in the lives of people living in the north-Arctic regions of Russia.
The article tests several hypotheses about the impact of climate contrast on Russian agriculture. Scenario analysis is performed with the help of the VIAPI model – acomputable model built on the PF+PE architecture and reproducing partial equilibrium in the wholesale markets of agricultural products located in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Two scenarios of the future climate are compared, which are defined via the spatial location of natural agricultural zones and the level of world food prices. The scenarios differ in the scale of output divergence caused by the conditions of a specific year. In the basic scenario of the future climate, this divergence corresponds to the actual climate contrast in the period 2015–2019, as observed in each natural agricultural zone; in the “contrast” scenario, the divergence is increased. Hypotheses are accepted that a contrasting climate reduces production volumes and the share of open field crop production in gross agricultural production, and leads to an increase in prices. Hypotheses about a decrease in the profitability of agricultural production and an increase in the turnover of agricultural foreign trade are rejected. All the identified effects are too small to entail development of compensatory adjustments in agricultural policy at the federal level.
The Arctic is becoming the most important sector of the Russian economy, having a synergistic effect on its growth rate. It should be noted that the development of new mineral deposits, the creation of transport infrastructure in extreme climatic conditions, including the development of the Northern Sea Route, is impossible without a thoughtful and balanced personnel policy. It should be taken into account the fact that according to sociological surveys, over 40% of residents would like to change their place of residence from the European north to the more southern regions. The severity of the problem is also aggravated by the fact that in previous years there has been an intensive outflow of the population for thirty years, at the level of 1% per year. Analytical evidence shows that among the reasons the most important factor influencing the negative trend is a decrease in the level of economic availability of food. Practice shows that in order to solve the problem, along with improving the logistical channels of food supply to the north, it is necessary to return to the experience of supporting agricultural production on the spot. Such a measure will provide high-quality food to unprotected segments of the population, on the one hand, and on the other, create competition, and reduce the monopoly influence of suppliers on the formation of market prices. Unfortunately, it should be recognized that the modern mechanism for managing the industry not only does not solve such a problem, but also deliberately puts agricultural producers of the north in worse conditions. Note that, for example, in the EU countries, on the contrary, support for agricultural enterprises operating in difficult climatic conditions is provided in an increased amount. Moreover, the procedure used by us for calculating northern allowances as an instrument of economic management, borrowed from the practice of the Soviet period, on the contrary, extinguishes entrepreneurial activity. Therefore, making adjustments to the current methods of managing agricultural production in the north will solve the problem of economic accessibility of food, and thereby contribute to resolving the personnel issue in the Arctic zone, which is of exceptional importance for the Russian economy as a whole.
The federal project "Export of agricultural products", which is part of the national project on international cooperation and export, sets the task of radically increasing the export potential of the agro-industrial complex. This is one of the strategic priorities of the socio-economic development of the country. To solve this problem, it is necessary to create an effective staffing system, and not only at the level of diplomatic and trade missions, but also at the level of personnel training of export-oriented enterprises, the development of competencies of agricultural specialists. The purpose of the study was to substantiate approaches to improving the staffing of the federal project "Export of agricultural products". The methodological and theoretical bases of the research are the works of domestic and foreign scientists. Abstract-logical, analytical, expert research methods are used to solve the tasks in the work. In connection with the implementation of the federal project "Export of agricultural products", in addition to employees of embassies and trade missions, a significant number of specialists in foreign trade operations in export-oriented organizations of the agro-industrial complex throughout Russia will be required. Moreover, both people professionally engaged in foreign trade activities and employees with competencies in these matters throughout the technological chain. We consider it expedient to consider the issue of training such specialists in professional retraining programs on the basis of institutions of additional vocational education of the agro-industrial complex at the expense of the federal budget. The main task, we see, is to master the meta-competencies that allow students to adapt their professional activities in the conditions of market competition and a dynamically changing context.