The article compares the average consumption of the main food groups in the Russian Federation, the North-East of Russia and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). According to the results of the studies, it was found that in general, the average per capita consumption of analyzed food products in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is higher than the average in the regions of the North-East of Russia, except for the consumption of vegetables and food melons in 2019 (lower by 4.2%). The features of food consumption depending on the territory of residence are revealed. In the republic, there is an extremely significant differentiation in the level of consumption of food products by the population. When studying average consumption standards, these indicators should be considered in terms of seasonality, territory (types of settlements), and ethnic characteristics. If seasonal fluctuations in consumption are explained mainly by natural causes associated with changes in air temperature and the physiological state of the human body, then territorial ones are caused by reasons that are mainly economic and geographical in nature: the economic specialization of the territory, the degree of its economic development, natural and climatic conditions, etc.
The dairy industry is the most important in ensuring food security of the Russian Federation. Milk production in the Sverdlovsk region is increasing every year. Over the past four years, production growth has amounted to more than 86 thousand tons of milk, or 113%. However, milk consumption by the population of the Sverdlovsk region has not reached the established consumption standards. To achieve this indicator, it is necessary to take measures to mitigate the negative impact of factors on the development of dairy cattle breeding. The negative factors restraining the development of the industry, first of all, include low profitability, limited access of agricultural producers to credit funds, as well as problems of entering the market. The solution of the above problems is possible with a change in the types and conditions of state support for agricultural producers. The aim of the study is to assess the factors influencing the effective use of the potential of the dairy industry. During the study, methods of analysis, deduction, monographic studies were used. Scientific novelty consists in highlighting factors that influence the improvement of the efficiency of the dairy industry, including at the expense of state support. The results obtained by the authors can be used by state authorities in the development of regulations governing state support in the agricultural sector of the economy.
Excessive intensification of grain production has forced the world society to take a new look at organic agriculture, which is designed to maintain human health in the long term. The development of the organic products market is becoming a dynamically developing direction in the global economy. The demand for organic products exceeds the supply. At the same time, commodity groups produced from grain, which can be offered by producers of the Siberian Federal District, are in demand on the market. The purpose of the work is to identify the possibility of developing a market for grain grown using organic farming technology in the Siberian Federal District, which ensures an increase in the quality of life of the population, budget revenues from exports and forms an image at the international level. The article presents the stages of development of organic farming in the world and the features of its development in Russia. The possibilities of increasing the production of grain grown by organ technology are determined.
The article justifies the possibility of using new data sources - digital traces of users on the Internet - to study the quality of life of the population of rural areas of the Russian Federation. The study of various aspects of the quality of life of rural areas based on the analysis of digital traces of users is shown to have both certain advantages and methodological limitations. A methodology for analyzing digital traces of users on the Russian social network VKontakte has been proposed to identify problems faced by residents of rural areas and which are important unfavourable factors in the quality of life. The results of highlighting the problems of rural areas for 10 regions of the Russian Federation, performed using PolyAnalyst software are presented. These include problems of housing and communal services, improvement of rural settlements and transport infrastructure; environmental issues; problems with the availability and poor quality of telecommunications and banking infrastructure; problems with health and education systems; safety concerns; economic problems; problems with homeless and stray animals (dogs); alcohol consumption and inefficiency of rural settlement authorities. The study covers the period from July 2020 to October 2021.
The Arctic regions, being priority geostrategic territories of the Russian Federation, play a crucial role in ensuring sustainable development and concentrate the resource, transport, military, environmental and strategic potential of our country. At the same time, living and working conditions, agricultural activities are incomparably more severe compared to the rest of the country. In this regard, special attention should be paid to rural areas and the population living there. An assessment of the level of poverty in rural areas of the Arctic regions (Murmansk oblast, Nenets autonomous okrug, Yamalo-Nenets autonomous okrug, Chukotka autonomous okrug) showed that rural areas remain a place of concentration of poverty. In the Murmansk oblast, the share of the rural population receiving incomes below the subsistence minimum is 24%, in the Nenets autonomous okrug – 21%, in the Yamalo-Nenets autonomous okrug – 14%, in the Chukotka autonomous okrug – 13%. A comparative analysis of wages in the economy of the region as a whole and separately in agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming allowed us to confirm that disappointing trends about a significant backlog in wages and chronic underfunding of the agricultural sector in the whole country are typical in the Arctic regions, with the exception of the Murmansk oblast.
The article analyzes the functioning of vertically and horizontally integrated structures in agricultural production using the example of enterprises of the Saratov region. It is noted that one of the forms of implementing the strategy of integrating interests in the agro-industrial complex system is the form of an inter-farm association of agricultural and processing organizations, since such an organizational structure makes it possible to simplify interaction between participants in the entire production and distribution chain in order for them to achieve a single final result. The practical effect of the activities of a conventional economy and the selected integrated models is compared. In world practice, the strategic model of the development of the agricultural sector, the solution to the problem of meeting the growing demand for food is based primarily on the use of large integrated structures. Such structures, having more significant, in comparison with medium-sized organizations and farms, production and innovation potential, using the effect of scale, achieve a significant increase in production volumes, an increase in added value and profit. Integration processes affect the variability of production processes, optimization of management, exclusion of low-productive intermediary links from the supply chain. To achieve this goal, organizations unite into cooperatives, alliances, associations, various networks, clusters, agricultural holdings.
The article presents an analysis of the dynamics and trends in the production of the main types of agricultural products since the beginning of the sanctions pressure on the Russian economy. Despite the fact that the agricultural sector of the Russian economy has significant potential, but due to the insufficiently effective use of resources, innovations and investments, it is not fully implemented. At the same time, in modern conditions, agri-food policy in conjunction with the export component should ensure the consumption of food by the population according to rational standards and the implementation of an export-oriented model for the development of the economy, which in turn should be aimed at the implementation of the export of food of medium and high redistributions to friendly countries. The paper contains analytical material indicating the need to increase the production of agricultural products for domestic consumption, which requires, first of all, a change in the course of the innovation and investment policy pursued by the state - the development of new measures and an increase in the volume of state support for agriculture. The presented results allow us to conclude that the implemented state agricultural policy is quite effective in the crop industry, but does not contribute to a significant increase in the production of livestock products, which in turn characterizes the agricultural sector of the economy as a raw material sector that is not able to receive high value-added products in the current conditions due to lack of investment and domestic innovations. The analysis of the dynamics of agricultural exports confirmed the conclusion of an ill-conceived export policy aimed primarily at the export of agricultural raw materials, which damages the country's economy. This requires a review of export incentive tools for agricultural and processing businesses.
The article, based on the generalization of the results of scientific research, materials of authoritative international organizations, government statistics and other information from open sources, reveals the impact of agriculture on the national security of modern Russia, which is carried out by providing the population with quality food, the impact of the situation on the food market on the overall inflation rate in the country, the participation of the agricultural sector in the formation of gross domestic product. Domestic product and export income of the country, providing employment for a significant part of the population. It is established that a large share of imports remains in the commodity resources of beef, cheese, and animal oil. A significant deviation of per capita production from the consumption norms recommended by the Ministry of Health of Russia was revealed for the following food products: fish, milk, vegetables and melons, fruits and berries. This dictates the need to introduce additional measures of state support for the missing types of food. The standard of living in rural areas remains low, which poses a threat to the stable development of agriculture, as it causes an outflow of population to cities, which weakens the labour potential of the agricultural sector. This requires making decisions aimed at strengthening the economic potential of agricultural and industrial centres, including the creation of modern jobs for young people, which will contribute to the growth of living standards and the consolidation of the population and personnel in rural areas.
The article provides some economic arguments to the methodology for assessing the effectiveness of scientific research and development to the current State Program "Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation". The assessment of the achievement of goals is carried out through target indicators and indicators, which are a mandatory element of any government program. The purpose of the study is to adapt the existing methods for assessing the effectiveness of scientific research and development: not including discounting (static methods) used in a single investment of budgetary allocations, as well as methods that take into account the discounting of races and income from scientific development (dynamic methods) - with a time-distributed investment of funds. It has been shown that the reliability of assessing the effectiveness of research and development depends on the correctness of the amounts of federal budget expenditures and possible revenues from the implementation of technology in the real sector of the economy. This methodological approach can be successfully used to paragraph 1 of the instructions of the President of the Russian Federation to the Government of the country following a joint meeting of the State Council of the Russian Federation and the Council under the President of the Russian Federation on Science and Education on December 24, 2021. (Pr-290 dated 10.02.2022). The proposed methodology is applicable to the evaluation of budgetary allocations to programme activities, both for the evaluation of scientific developments and technologies, taking into account different levels of readiness. The need to use an integrated mechanism in assessing the scientific and technological development of the industry, which includes three main elements: monitoring and forecasting, managing the research and development process and commercializing technologies in the real sector of the country's economy, which is especially important in the context of large-scale Western sanctions, is justified.
Issues of import substitution, the development of integration ties, as well as the modernization of the agro sphere are important components of the strategic development of the agro-industrial complex of the region. Therefore, strategic planning for the development of innovations in the agricultural sphere is one of the key resources of the modern agro-industrial activities of the region. The article examined a number of economic indicators of the regional agro-industrial complex of the North Caucasus Federal District, which, due to a slowdown in economic growth, currently does not allow more actively solving its systemic problems - reduce significant regional differentiation in the standard of living of the rural and urban population, provide institutional conditions for the implementation of state programs for the digitalization of its industries, overcome the inertia of thinking of agricultural producers, form a system for introducing scientific research of domestic developers into practical activities, contribute to the coordination of regional ministries and departments in the implementation of state agrarian policy, etc. The purpose of the work is to study scientific approaches to modern strategic planning of innovations in the agricultural sphere of the regions. The work uses aspect, analytical and empirical approaches to solving problems. The work is based on scientific and analytical studies of domestic scientists and specialists on the use of information and advisory assistance in the agro-industrial complex. Long-term approaches have been identified and priority areas for strategic planning of innovative development in the agro-industrial complex of the North Caucasus Federal District have been identified, This makes it possible to ensure the technical and technological renewal of the industries and spheres of the agro-industrial complex of the problem region and increase its socio-economic efficiency, by creating economic conditions for the intensive development of the regional agricultural complex based on the use of innovative resources of other sectors of the economy, in particular the tourism sector, for the development of such a direction of production of goods and services in rural areas, as agro tourism, as well as actively apply the principles of environmental friendliness in the agro-industrial complex.