Export orientation of production has positive and negative sides. In these conditions, special attention should be paid to the economic access to meat. Dynamics of production and consumption of main types of meat is considered. Revealed substantial structural changes in meat consumption show a discrepancy with recommended rational standards. The results of the econometric model indicate a serious impact of imports on the total meat consumption. The indicators are proposed to measure the economic affordability, which can be used to identify regions that are particularly in need of stimulating demand for meat. The main mechanism should be a program of internal food aid.
The relevance of the research is due to the fact that the increase in the efficiency of farming has been declared the priority direction of the economic policy of our country at the state and regional level, which is fixed in the relevant legislative acts determining the development of the agricultural sector in the near future. Creating conditions for sustainable development of traditional agricultural landscapes, ensuring environmental management is one of the main tasks of these documents. To solve them, resource-saving technologies are recommended, which include measures for the forest reclamation of arable land - generally accepted, both in our country and abroad, a highly effective means of promoting sustainable land use of agricultural enterprises, ensuring their successful adaptation to natural anomalies. In the Volgograd Region, as a result of periodic manifestations of wind erosion and dust storms, tons of fertile arable lands are lost, crops and crops are destroyed, and agricultural production is destabilized. The article reveals the role of forest reclamation in preventing these processes and ensuring the sustainable development of the local aerosphere. For comparison, a detailed analysis of its effectiveness is proposed for various types of placement of forest melioration plantations in the agro landscape with a high risk of wind erosion - a typical version of their creation and optimum, which provides for sustainable land use. Estimation of costs and benefits showed that, first of all, they depend on the quality of soil and climatic conditions, the way of creating forest cultures, the protective forest cover of fields. The conducted studies allow to draw a conclusion about the feasibility of ameliorative arrangement of arable lands of the Volgograd region and are sufficient grounds to stimulate an increase in protective forest cover in the region and to receive funds from the federal budget to create forest belts in problem areas. For reliable preservation and improvement of land fund of the country by means of a forest melioration according to the Strategy of sustainable development of rural territories until 2030 it is expedient to increase design woodiness of problem agro landscapes not less, than twice.
Potatoes in Russia are one of the most popular crop products. Potato consumption in Russia per capita amounted to 119.8 kg per person per year. In our country, the main production of table potatoes is concentrated in the households of the population, in 2018 in this sector 69‰ of all grown potatoes were produced, although the yield of this crop in smallholders is much lower than in agricultural potato-growing enterprises. In the backyard little used technique (because of its absence), practically do not apply fertilizers (expensive), rarely used change of a grade and strain renovation of the planting material. Therefore, in the harvest, most often, there are infected tubers. And as storage of potatoes is made, as a rule, in bulk in rooms under the house where there is no ventilation, losses by spring reach 60‰. Therefore, improving the efficiency of potato farming in the small-scale sector is one of the conditions for improving its efficiency in the whole sub-sector. In recent years, attention to this sector of the country's economy has weakened; there are almost no publications on the problems of smallholders. This paper discusses the technological and organizational innovations in the cultivation of potatoes in the backyards of rural residents. ABSTRACT. In our country, the main production of table potatoes is concentrated in households. Therefore, improving the efficiency of potato farming in the small-scale sector is one of the conditions for improving its efficiency in the whole sub-sector. The technological and organizational innovations in the cultivation of potatoes in the backyards of rural residents proposed.
The article on the materials of the Tver region shows the actual situation with the use of arable land, which is typical for most non-chernozem regions of Russia. The purpose of the study is to show the actual disposal of high-value agricultural land from circulation, which is not clearly seen in the Rosstat data, and to suggest a number of urgent measures to resolve the current situation. We believe that the problem of involving unused arable land in non-chernozem regions into circulation is not yet relevant. Resources must be directed to stopping its further degradation, otherwise in 5–7 years arable land, where at present there is no cultivation and harvesting of any agricultural crop, can no longer be considered as a reserve for increasing production of agricultural products. The introduction of these lands into circulation will not be possible without significant costs for recultivation. Due to the lack of investment resources required for a more complete and intensive use of farmland, it is extremely difficult to resolve the issue of the structure of crop production in arable land still usable. The scale of fodder production is limited by the low number of cattle, which, compared with 1992, has decreased by 6 times. Production of marketable grain, without restoring the fertilizer system based on the development of cattle breeding, is unprofitable. Economically justified is the production of spinning flax by intensive technologies. To do this, it is necessary to provide economic support to the enterprises of the flax subcomplex and to ensure the possibility of profitable lease of plots of arable land with highly fertile soils.
Rural development policy is an integral part of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the EU and aims to address a wide range of economic, social and environmental issues in rural areas. The article describes the current stage of development of the agrarian policy with regard to rural areas, the main priorities and features of financing, as well as the role of the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) in its implementation. The basis for the implementation of the agrarian policy in the development of rural areas are programs developed by EU states and approved by the European Commission for a seven-year period, taking into account the established priorities: promoting the transfer of knowledge and new technologies in agriculture and forestry; improving the viability and competitiveness of all sectors of agriculture, promoting innovative technologies in farms and developing sustainable forest management, restoring, preserving and improving ecosystems related to agriculture and forestry, promoting resource efficiency and supporting the transition to a low-carbon and climate-resilient economy, supporting social adaptation, economic development and poverty alleviation in rural areas. A major role in the successful implementation of programs is played by strict regulation of the procedures for the implementation of the main activities indicated in the programs, the conditions of their financing and control over their implementation. Special attention is paid to financing issues, in particular, the distribution of funds between individual events and the conditions for their payment, as well as benefits provided by the European Commission for the implementation of individual measures and support for the weakest regions.
Despite obvious positive dynamics of the last years, agro-industrial complex of Russia continues to come under influence of a number of negative factors which slow down development of the industry and do not allow using all available potential fully. In this research the attempt is made not only to reveal and estimate key problems which domestic agriculture faces, but to give offers on their elimination. The main conclusions are supported with the Russian and foreign official statistics and also the calculations made on their basis. In the real research it is featured the analysis of agrarian policy of other countries, their progress and achievements in the field of steady development of agro-industrial complex, ensuring food safety and sustainable development of rural territories. In general, as show results of the carried-out work, the situation which developed in the Russian agriculture testifies to the following obvious trends: 1) monopolism of large agro holdings which are the main (about 90‰) recipients of the state subsidies grows; 2) degradation of the village continues – people leave rural areas in search of higher earnings and the best living conditions; 3) availability of quality food to a general population continues to decrease. The specified processes are imposed on technological backwardness, falling of investment activity, imperfection of the legislation and lack of the long-term development strategy of the agricultural industry. The measures proposed in the specified article, are designed to provide rational and thrifty use of natural resources, to increase quality of life of the population, to increase revenues of producers of agricultural products and to make agro-industrial complex of Russia of one of the most dynamically developing branches of the national economy.
The study presents four main problems hindering the development and implementation of domestic innovations in agricultural production. The factors and trends that do not contribute to the efficient and advanced development of the agrarian economy in terms of its innovative development are identified. The necessity of increasing domestic expenditures on research in agriculture by 5-7 times is substantiated. The negative trends in the reproduction of scientific personnel revealed. There is a lack of financial motives for work in the scientific sphere, the ineffective work of the system of postgraduate and doctoral studies. The inconsistency of the impact of grant support on the level of research funding, which is not more than 6.2‰ in internal research expenditures, has been proved. To solve the problem of innovation activity of economic entities, it is necessary to develop a targeted agrarian innovation policy, defining goals, objectives and mechanisms for its implementation, taking into account the priorities identified by the President and the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as foreign experience.
Accident on the CNPP seriously narrowed the activity of agriculture in a number of Russian regions. However the caesium-137 radionuclide half-life period already expired therefore there are questions of long-term plans in the agrarian sphere in these territories. Article contains assessment of a state and the prospects of economic development of the agrarian sector in the regions affected by accident on the CNPP. Authors systematized effective counter-measures on return of contaminated land to an agricultural turn. They suggest not to force events, and to carry out a complex of consecutive, multistage and differentiable measures to ensure the maximum safety of agricultural products which is made by agrarian formations in affected areas. Authors suggest not to force events on return of lands to an agricultural turn due to use of potash and phosphoric fertilizers, and to carry out a complex of consecutive, and differentiable measures to ensure the maximum safety of the agricultural products made by agrarian formations in affected areas. Authors carry to their number: individual assessment of level of radiation pollution of land grounds with the subsequent development of the corresponding plan for clarification, use of special crop rotations which will promote smaller absorption of radio nuclides from crops, application of a physical and chemical way of clarification of lands with the largest level of radiation pollution, strict radiation control in the course of implementation of measures for clarification of land grounds.
The conditions and features of the market development, as well as macroeconomic characteristics that affect its sustainable development are highlighted. The definition of the agro-food market is presented. In the development of the regional agro-food market as a system, the prevailing trends are highlighted. It is noted that the Central, integrating role in the market is played by the principles of "sustainability and cyclical development" "balance" and "equilibrium". In the process of development of the agri-food market there is a change in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the structural elements. The conditions for the formation of competitive advantages are specified. Balanced development determines the conditions of existence and the structural organization of the agro-food market as a system, its properties. The essence and functions of marketing in the agri-food market are defined. The author mentions the key methods of marketing analysis that contribute to the development of a competitive market development strategy, as well as the feasibility of using the point method of PEST-analysis and SWOT-analysis. The weight of the Siberian regions in the production of agricultural products presents. It is noted that the regions of Siberia are characterized by significant differentiation in agro-resource potential, the presence of large areas with difficult conditions for the development of agricultural production. Groups of regions in the directions of development of agro-food markets are allocated. The data revealing the role of Siberia in the gross agricultural production are presented.
The article examines the features of the competitiveness of the industrial regions' agro industrial complex. The assessment of the levels of competitiveness at the producer price and at the sale price of the main types of agricultural products was carried out. An assessment of the closeness of the connection of competitiveness levels at the producer price and at the selling price is given; established the presence of a direct relationship between these indicators. It was noted that the closeness of the relationship between indicators for different types of agricultural products varies from weak to very high. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that in the Kemerovo Region there is a need to support the production of certain types of agricultural products; other types of products require the creation of conditions to reduce distribution costs. The possible growth factors of competitiveness of the agro-industrial complex of the Kemerovo region are highlighted.