The article considers direct measures of state support as a necessary condition for ensuring food security in the Russian Federation. The authors analyze the differences between the state program "Integrated Development of rural territories" and the federal target program "Sustainable development of rural territories for 2014-2017 and for the period up to 2020". The following is a list of direct measures of state support for rural areas within the framework of the state program "Integrated Development of rural Areas", as well as measures to support federal executive authorities. It should be noted that the effectiveness of state support for rural areas is one of the most important factors for the growth of the quality and standard of living in these territories. The authors give examples of support measures in which partial continuity of performance indicators is noted, while emphasizing that in addition to the continuity of performance indicators of support tools implemented within the framework of state programs, some of the criteria are also measures to assess the effectiveness of some national projects. The article highlights 4 levels of effects from the implementation of state support: resources (inputs), direct result (outputs), final result (outcomes), and socio-economic effect (impacts). The analysis of the efficiency indicators of state support showed that low-level effects (inputs) are present in the implementation of support measures in each of the previously listed areas and represent the amount of budget allocations allocated to the subjects of the Russian Federation from the federal budget. In turn, high-level indicators (impacts) among the analyzed indicators of the effectiveness of state support are absent in all the identified areas. This is due to the fact that, unlike output and outcome level indicators, impact level indicators determine the long-term effect of the implementation of programs and projects, and therefore they are likely to be determined within the framework of various development strategies, as well as be part of the global development goals of the state.
The article emphasizes that the huge potential of rural areas, despite the development of positive processes in agriculture and the improvement of rural access to development resources, still remains unrealized. In the development of rural areas in the Russian Federation, there is no integrated approach. Ideas and opinions of researchers - some sustainable development of rural areas are associated directly with the development of agriculture in this territory; others note the limited development of rural areas by agrarian specifics and focus on the social problems of the village. In the proposed methodological approach to assessing the sustainability of rural development, the main indicators of assessment are: stabilization of the rural population; the growth of incomes of the rural population, the presence of other incomes (deposits, investments, income from entrepreneurial activity); growth of own housing among the rural population, stable energy supply of rural housing; uninterrupted operation of the Internet and cellular communications; availability of municipal transport routes; own car; provision of outlets; the ability to regularly relax and travel; development of agricultural production. Testing of the proposed methodological approach was carried out on the materials of the Irkutsk region. Depending on the problems solved, various research methods were used, such as economic-statistical, computational-constructive, abstract-logical and sociological. The source of information was data from departmental and sectoral statistics (Irkutskstat) and data obtained during the survey of rural residents.
The concept of human development defines the key aspects associated with effective employment: the expansion of opportunities in the field of work, the achievement of decent work standards and human development. Human development is a complex process that requires the development of measures covering all areas of work and, to a greater extent, in agriculture. The importance of the study is confirmed by the following aspects: shifting the focus to human development; discussions on the composition of the imperatives of decent work as a fundamental component; approaches to areas associated with the directions of effective employment in agriculture. Human development determines the need to implement modern directions of effective employment in agriculture. The implementation of the considered imperatives is due to the fact that effective employment is the basis for the development of human capital in agriculture. The directions of ensuring effective employment are shown: legal protection of the employed; decent jobs; selection of qualified personnel; the possibility of professional growth; rational conditions for the organization and rationing of labour; the use of modern technologies; ensuring labour safety; effective use of working time; decent wages, motivation of employees to work; social protection; economic support of the directions of human potential development. Effective employment and decent work conditions are aimed at human development and economic growth in agriculture. Effective employment and decent work conditions are aimed at human development and economic growth in agriculture.
The problem of unemployment for rural residents of municipalities in the region has become very relevant in recent years, as well as for all residents of Russia. Increasing the level of employment of the population must be included in the list of priority tasks for solving social problems in rural areas. An assessment of the level of unemployment of the rural population of the region showed its low official level: the coefficient of tension in the labour market for the period 2013-2019. Only in 2 analyzed groups of districts of the Saratov region exceeds 1, which is explained by the lack of desire to register with the employment service among residents of rural areas. The grouping of the unemployed by the empirical method of Sturgis made it possible to combine municipal districts into 6 groups and determine for each the number of vacancies recorded on the stock exchange. The planned profit, due to savings on tax incentives, will increase compared to the actual net profit, which will ensure the profitability of the production of agricultural producers, respectively, and will provide an opportunity to allocate additional funds for staff development. The proposed inversion scenario of development makes it possible to predict the level of employment required in the economy with the planned volume of production, and, therefore, to form an adequate supply of labour in terms of volume and structure, which will contribute to solving the problem of unemployment in the future, primarily its structural component, and optimize the system of vocational training. The main sources of creating new jobs will be the internal reserves of agricultural enterprises. To a large extent, due to the accumulated depreciation, its intended use leads to employment of up to 1585 people. And through the acquisition and modernization of fixed assets, guarantee jobs for up to 346 unemployed until 2030.
The growing community concern about the wide range of economic and environmental challenges posed by human activities dictates a new trend of responsible consumption aimed at the purchase and consumption of healthier, organic and environmentally friendly foods. There are restrictions for the development of organic products not only in the region, but also in general among the population of the country, including cultural features, underdevelopment of state regulation and infrastructure in the field of urbanized crop production and a low level of awareness of the population, etc. These factors cause the current gap between the potential willingness of consumers to buy niche vegetables, which determines the relevance of this topic. This article considers the peculiarities of the production and consumption of vegetable products in the context of increasing needs and changes in the taste preferences of the population towards healthy and proper nutrition, including the growing consumption of niche vegetables in the Siberian Federal District (using the example of the X5 grocery chain). Issues related to production factors that directly affect the volume of consumption of vegetable products are raised. Options for production of vegetable products of urbanized crop production in Siberian region are considered and proposed.
At present, in the context of the aggravated geopolitical situation, the tasks of ensuring the country's food security and the development of import substitution, as well as issues of price regulation and enhancing the innovative and investment development of the agro-industrial complex, have come to the fore in the agro-industrial complex. To overcome the identified problems, it will be necessary to resolve the accumulated issues related to the imperfection of state regulation in the agro-industrial complex. Based on evidence-based approaches, the authors propose the main directions for its improvement, in particular, the development of a stimulating organizational and economic mechanism in the agro-industrial complex, the main elements of which are currently prices and price relations, and investments. As the basic principles for improving state regulation at the present stage, it is proposed to develop an optimal balance between strategy and tactics, so that, based on the adopted strategic directions of the country's development, to slightly adjust tactical goals and ensure the stabilization of the situation in the agro-industrial complex by developing and implementing effective measures and mechanisms that level the current risks and threats. Another principle is the mutual linkage of all the goals and objectives of the development of the country and agriculture, as well as the compliance of financial support with the goals set. Now it is extremely important to ensure the uninterrupted and stable operation of the entire agro-industrial complex. In this regard, it is advisable to reformat the State Program, updating it in accordance with the changed conditions. It should propose a balanced organizational and economic mechanism that would allow the formation of complex systemic solutions to achieve targets and indicators of the country's national development goals.
In the domestic and foreign scientific literature there is a wide discussion both about the essence of food security and the indicators of its assessment. It should be understood that the main purpose of the food security assessment is to obtain objective information on food production, incomes, purchasing power, consumption of basic types of food, etc. In doing so, the Food Security Scorecard should be structured, well-founded in terms of assessing the main elements of this category, and sound indicators could be calculated on the basis of available information. The article presents discussion approaches regarding the assessment of such components of food security as economic and physical availability of food to the population of the Russian Federation at the national level. When substantiating groups of indicators and indicators, the terminology available in Russian regulatory documents is used, as well as approaches to assessing food security used in the world community, including the EAEU, CIS countries, etc., as well as taking into account the opinions of prominent agricultural scientists in this area. Methodological approaches to assessing food security, as set out in the scientific papers of domestic scientists, do not take into account all areas of food security assessment. Very often in the scientific literature, the indicators substantiated by the authors are not structured into groups, which do not allow an objective description of the state of individual components of food security of the country. In this article, the thesis outlines approaches to the formation and assessment of the main components of food security - economic and physical accessibility of food to the population at the national level.
Research on sustainable agriculture needs an up-to-date and objective statistical base on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The carbon footprint is the amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions resulting from agricultural production. The article outlines various approaches to estimating the carbon footprint of agriculture: from a narrower sectoral approach to a broad intersectoral approach connected by a complete value chain. The purpose of the article is to summarize approaches to estimating the carbon footprint of agriculture, as well as to compare the carbon footprint of the countries of the European Union and Russia according to indirect estimates of the used production resources. Based on statistical data on the amount of fertilizers introduced into arable land and the number of tractors used per hectare of arable land and other indirect parameters, the author concludes that the carbon footprint of domestic agriculture is relatively small compared to European countries. The analysis concludes that the current technologies of intensive agricultural production in our country lag behind the technologies of European production, and therefore greenhouse gas emissions from Russia's agriculture are less per hectare of arable land. However, that did not mean that domestic agriculture had strategic competitive advantages. The intensive development of the industry, which allows a rapid increase in production volumes, as one of the negative environmental effects will have a carbon footprint. Therefore, one of the most important tasks of the strategic development of agriculture in Russia is the introduction of green technologies throughout the value chain and finding a balance between industrial and environmentally friendly production.
Russia is characterized by the features of China's agricultural digitalization strategy (strong vertical administrative leverage, state programs for financing digitalization projects). The main external tools to support the development of agricultural technology services in Russia are state grant financing of infrastructure projects for digitalization of the agro-industrial complex; budget financing of the departmental program "Digital Agriculture"; venture financing provided by RVC JSC. During the analyzed period, the greatest demand from agribusinesses was for agrotech-services for the use of UAVs for monitoring and protection of crops, as well as for fertilizer application. Services of robotization of individual agricultural works were actively developed, while progressive farm management systems based on AI-algorithms, IoT networks for remote control of agricultural machinery, and blockchain technologies are still outsiders of the list of the most in demand agrotech-services. The main obstacles to the development of agrotech-services are the high bureaucracy in procedures for obtaining grant funding; centralization of financial resources in state development institutions; geographical imbalance of financial resources to finance projects of digitalization of agriculture; lack of universities in the country; and lack of financial resources to finance projects of digitalization of agriculture. The scientific research has established that agrotech-services are a new stage in the development of the global agro-industrial complex. It is important for the Russian economy to make maximum efforts to intensify the implementation of digital technologies in business processes of agricultural management in order to ensure sustainable development of agriculture and food security of the country.
System integration can be one of the cost-effective tools to increase the competitiveness of the regional agro-industrial complex. However, the corresponding mechanisms of transformation of functions and processes for the objects of the agricultural sector belong to the category of high complexity and are insufficiently represented in scientific and practical aspects. The tasks of system integration of the association of a group of enterprises of different specialization are new and require conceptual justification and identification of key directions and principles. The aim of the work is to develop a methodological approach to the construction of mechanisms for the system integration of agricultural, processing and marketing enterprises in the region and the formation of a functional mechanism within it. The proposed approach complies with GOST R ISO 19439-2008 "Enterprise integration. Fundamentals of Enterprise modeling", based on the principles of a systematic approach, reflects the nature of enterprises and their economic mechanism using four standard representations of the model. The idea is based on the ordering of the elements of the functional, informational, organizational and resource subsystems of the association of economic agents and the construction of relationships between them. The presented analysis of the financial indicators of the research objects of the bread subcomplex, partially interacting on integration principles, indicates an increase in the values of the coefficients of autonomy, the manoeuvrability of equity and a decrease in accounts receivable. Nevertheless, a number of characteristics (lack of working capital, reduced profitability of sales, etc.) do not correspond to the expected, and it is possible to improve the situation and neutralize their negative impact on the results by deepening integration ties based on the introduction of digital farming systems. The structure and working mechanism of the functional subsystem of the integration association have been developed through the procedure of ordering functional, production, management and other processes organized into a hierarchical structure detailing the system transformations of the internal environment of individual enterprises, intermediate connecting and joint combined levels based on digitalization, automation and intelligent information systems.