Increased food consumption increases the need for feed and the need to increase the economic efficiency of food production. Of particular importance is the increase in the production of dairy, meat and other livestock products, the basis of which is effective fodder production. Fodder production provided fodder for livestock production and, in addition, increased crop productivity in crop production through the use of crop companies, as well as the preservation of land and soil fertility. The article analyzes the volume of production, cost and financial results from the sale of feed crops in collective farms of the Irkutsk region on average for 2015-2017. The study focused on the nutritional value of fodders and the analysis of their cost when converting fodders to the same value in terms of protein. In addition, the impact of feed crop yields on cost was analyzed. Based on the study, it was concluded that it is necessary to develop, strengthen and improve fodder production by increasing the volume of production and improving the quality of produced fodders. Investments in feed processing and infrastructure facilities are urgently needed for this industry. The development of fodder production is possible only if technical modernization is provided at all stages of fodder production.
For modern domestic agricultural production, the development of service infrastructure and new organizational forms of service for agricultural producers becomes essential. Specifics of infrastructure of maintenance of agricultural machinery, cars and the equipment in Altai Krai are shown, the main problems of its development connected with seasonality of agricultural work in crop production, the level of financial stability of business and conditions of interaction of producers and recipients of services are revealed. One of the main reasons for this situation is the low purchasing power of the agricultural business. Technical service services include information about equipment, operations for its sale, repair, installation and adjustment, maintenance, storage of machines, provision of spare parts, materials, disposal, etc. They are provided by institutions and organizations of infrastructure, including manufacturers, intermediaries, including dealers of these plants, repair plants, maintenance stations, information search systems, reference, advertising and information and consulting services and others. This system is based on manufacturers. In the Altay region, the only region of Siberia, the tractor production of the full cycle, including harvesting, metallurgical, assembly segments and engine production, was formed, a cluster of agricultural mechanical engineering was created, which included research institutions. The main directions of solving the identified problems are defined, which are based on legal and organizational aspects of their interaction and taking into account the specialization of infrastructure facilities and their dependence, including on the location of production of certain cultures.
The transformation of the Russian economy makes it necessary to revise approaches to accelerating the stages of innovative development of meat and dairy cattle breeding. For the comprehensive revival of the livestock industry, significant funds are needed for the renewal of the material and technical base, the purchase of highly productive animals, etc. Without judicial regulation, meat and dairy products are low-cost and even loss-making. It was therefore necessary to improve the price mechanism at the State level and to establish a fair price that would reimburse agricultural producers for costs and generate profits. The article covers the results of a comprehensive study of the size of the livestock industry in the Belgorod region. The dynamics of animal population indicators, their productivity, gross production of livestock products and the main factors affecting their growth or reduction have been studied. Problems related to the low quality of livestock products and the decline in the efficiency of livestock production in general have been identified, and the main reasons for their occurrence have been investigated. The directions and trends of livestock production development are defined, the role of the state in regulating the processes taking place in the industry is reflected.
The functioning of the dairy industry in the Altay region has historically been traditional, with the main dairy products being butter and Altai solid-fraction cheeses. In recent decades, the industry has experienced some difficulties in reducing its raw material base as a result of a sharp decline in the number of dairy herds and a low level of marketing of raw milk. In order to function effectively, processing organizations with a total number of more than 30 units are actively pursuing an investment policy, which consists more in the modernization of dairy equipment. A large part goes to the development of transport logistics infrastructure. The increase in the production of dairy products is facilitated by the continuation of modernization of existing production facilities and the introduction of the latest technologies. Based on traditional biotechnologies, secondary dairy raw materials are actively used in processing in the province. The bulk of dairy products are exported to Kazakhstan and other CIS countries. Due to the fact that Kazakhstan and China are geographically close to the Altai region, logistics transport costs for export of products to these regions are lower than to most regions of Russia and other foreign countries.
The agricultural industry has low productivity and high dependence on technology imports. The possibilities of agribusiness modernization are huge, there are real needs for innovation. The introduction of information technologies in the frame of the Digital Agriculture project proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation can contribute to the solution of these issues. In this project it is planned to form and develop national platforms of digital state management of agro-industrial complex, including module "Agro-solutions," sectoral network educational environment "Land of knowledge." Free access to information bases will reduce the costs of enterprises by optimizing all processes in agricultural production, which in turn will increase productivity and productivity. During the implementation of the Digital Agriculture project, it is planned to constantly interact with various federal and regional executive bodies, which will allow to quickly identify problems and comprehensively develop measures for effective interaction with agro-industrial enterprises. The platforms created will provide control over the quantity and quality of products produced, as well as processing and logistics. It will be possible to monitor in real time issues of state support of agribusiness enterprises, implementation of agricultural insurance and lending.
The digital transformation of agrarian and industrial complex is an instrument of qualitative changes in economic activity and is intended to contribute to the development of the industry, including the strengthening of the competitiveness of agricultural products. The article gives a general assessment of the competitiveness of agricultural products of Ryazan region by the combination of essential characteristics. Steady trends in the growth of crop harvesting volumes and negative dynamics of certain livestock products have been established. Negative factors of product competitiveness change have been identified. Analysis of sales of products in terms of internal and external markets in dynamics was carried out. An assessment of the escort potential of agricultural products of the Ryazan region was given. Overview of practical experience of digital technologies application in agricultural organizations of Ryazan region presented. The results of the study made it possible to determine the impact of the introduction of digital transformation tools in large farms on the change of individual characteristics, which together characterize the competitiveness of products. The directions of digital transformation of AIC are outlined, the need for which is established on the basis of the identified problems of strengthening competitiveness and potential of information technologies. The authors raised the question of the need to create a software complex on crop rotation as one of the tools for digitalization of agriculture. The role of the state in the process of digital transformation of the industry at the regional level is outlined.
Agriculture is a complex socio-economic system, which determines the essence and content of the system-reproducible methodology of research into the functioning and development of agriculture on the basis of intensification, which is developing and has now adopted electronic forms (automation, digitalization). The process of electronic intensification of agriculture of the region consists of stages reflecting the content of the system-reproductive approach. Organizational and economic issues of digitalization of agriculture are being addressed. It is advisable to develop standard electronic models on functional subsystems, which will be finalized to apply to the level (class) of development of the organization. It is necessary to form a service for the transition of enterprises to the electronics of agricultural production.
The article is devoted to the study of the state and direction of development of agricultural cooperatives and their associations in foreign countries. The state of cooperation in a number of leading countries is considered in more detail, positive aspects of their activities, positive impact on the development of national economies and sustainable development of rural areas are noted. Various directions of state support for the development of cooperatives are shown. The directions of legislative support for the creation of cooperative formations, their types and structures, as well as the regulation of a favourable legal framework in which cooperatives operate in different countries are considered
The purpose of the work is to study options for involving unused municipal lands and redistribution fund lands in agricultural circulation through the free provision of land plots to citizens of the Russian Federation in certain regions for the organization of various types of activities, including on cooperative principles. The work examined the peculiarities of regional legislative and regulatory acts adopted in 2017-2019 on free transfer of land plots. Their main purpose is to stop the outflow of the local population, return the citizens who have left or are working on the side, additional attraction of the population, especially to depressed agrarian areas, increase the production of agricultural products and increase the fatigue of rural development. Measures to more effectively use empty agricultural land, increase the profitability of agricultural production and other types of activities, sustainability of rural development are proposed. There is a need to study and use the practical experience of resettlement during the period of "Stolypin’s reforms" and development of virgin lands.
The world practice shows that the capital structure (proportion of own and debt capital) is important for company’s efficiency. Debt finance allows the company to invest in its growth more actively and with higher efficiency and to use the favourable situation on the market. The paper contains an analysis of the structure of the capital of the agro-industrial holding “Miratorg”. The importance of this task is based on the big size of this company and on the huge part it plays in the Russian agro-industrial complex. This is why it is very important to create conditions for effective functioning of this company, and optimization of the capital structure is one of the tools that can be used to reach this goal. The evaluation of the cost of own and debt capital of the “Miratorg” company was made. A dependence of the capital value from the size of the debt capital was identified. It is demonstrated that during most of the period 2012-2017 the capital structure was not optimal. The part of the debt capital was too small. We can recommend increasing the share of the debt finance in order to improve the efficiency of this company. The low share of the debt finance can be explained by the fact that “Miratorg” is not a public company and can be interested in non-economic goals (financial independence).