The results of research on agro-energy assessment of the efficiency of cultivation of annual forage crops for haylage are presented. Experimental work on the cultivation of forage crops was carried out in 2013-2014 at the research and production hospital of the laboratory of feed production of YANISKH. The experimental site is located on the second above-floodplain terrace of the Lena river valley. The soil of the experimental site is permafrost meadow-Chernozem loam; the reaction of the medium is slightly alkaline (salt pH 7.4); humus content-2.63‰; total nitrogen-2.8‰; mobile phosphorus (P2O5)-18.2 mg/100 g for Egner – rim; exchange potassium (K2O) - 29.3 mg/100 g of soil for oil; granulometric composition-light loam. The objects of research were the following varieties of annual crops-Pokrovsky oats, Capital peas, spring vetch Priobskaya 25, Tammy barley. The repeatability in the experiment is 4-fold, and the placement of plots is randomized. The area of plots is 72 m2, the account area is 50 m2. The research was carried out using generally accepted methods of field experiments. Analysis of the agro-energy assessment of cultivation of annual crops for the production of haylage showed that for all three terms of sowing, the most effective mixtures are peas + oats and peas + oats + barley. A high energy coefficient for all three terms of sowing is provided by a mixture of peas + oats (from 3.76 to 4.30) and peas + oats + barley (from 3.80 to 4.28). It was found that the most effective agro-energy assessment for haylage is pea mixtures (0.8 million PCs / ha) + oats (2.5 million PCs / ha) and peas (0.8 million PCs / ha) + oats (1.3 million PCs / ha) + barley (1.2 million PCs/ha) of the third sowing period. It is also effective to cultivate a mixture of vetch (1.2 million PCs / ha) + oats (2.5 million PCs / ha) and oats in pure form (4 million PCs/ha) of the third sowing period.
The growth of the Russian agriculture and food industry after 2014 poses questions about the sustainability of this growth. In order to evaluate this sustainability it is necessary to evaluate the efficiency of companies of these industries. The most popular index that is now used for evaluation of business efficiency is the company value. We will use the method of discounted cash flows for calculation of this index. The object of valuation is PLC “Rusagro Group”. This choice is based on the fact that it is a big vertically integrated company and one of the leaders of the national food industry. In addition, it is a publicly traded company, which means that the market capitalization of this company can be used as a benchmark. Our results demonstrated that the market capitalization of PLC “Rusagro Group” exceeds the company value calculated on the basis of discounted cash flows. It corresponds to the results obtained by other researchers for other leading Russian food industry companies. It allows us to formulate a hypothesis that there is a stable trend for overestimation of market value of leading Russian food industry companies. It can be an indicator that the investors evaluate the prospects of this industry as favourable which can be seen as a confirmation of the sustainability of its growth.
The article is devoted to the study of rural development problems of the mining region. It has been found that the intensive development of the mining industry is accompanied by negative economic, social and environmental consequences related to the impact on social and economic development and, as a result, the quality of life of the rural population. Intensive development of the coal industry is accompanied by pollution of atmospheric air, rejection of land with high fertile potential, degradation of natural resources of renewable orientation. The introduction of highly toxic and carcinogenic substances of more than 200 species into the air affects the health of the rural population, as mining enterprises are geographically located in rural areas, which has led to a decline in agricultural production and industrial production has become dominant. There is a steady decline in the rural population due to declining fertility and higher mortality rates, which are higher in rural areas than in medium-sized areas. The majority of rural residents cannot benefit from mortgage lending because of their low financial situation. Improvement of housing in rural areas is 2-3 times lower than urban housing. The low efficiency of using factors of production does not allow reaching the level of profitability of agricultural production allowing carrying out extended reproduction. The mechanism is proposed for project management of the rural economy with balanced interaction between federal, regional and local authorities based on organizational, economic and financial measures.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of state support for the agricultural sector of the Republic of Armenia, the study of the existing problems hindering the development of the sector financing, ensuring the food security of the country, the development of peasant farms and the socio-economic condition of rural communities. The development of the sector requires the continuation and expansion of state support programs, which include increased levels of financing, lower lending rates and the introduction of new financial instruments. The main purpose of the article is to present the current state of state support for the agricultural sector of the Republic of Armenia, international experience and priorities of the state support programs implemented, as well as the possibility of introducing new mechanisms for financing state agricultural programs in the Republic of Armenia that contribute to the development of peasant farms and the socio-economic condition of communities, which will allow to produce high quality including ecologically clean agricultural products, competitiveness and availability of which will contribute to the improvement of the food security of the country.
The article considered the problems of ensuring industrial security and developing the export potential of the domestic agro-industrial complex taking into account the implementation of the national goals and objectives of the development of the Russian Federation and the mechanisms for their achievement, laid down in the sectoral documents of strategic planning. The Food Security Doctrine, adopted in 2010, played a positive role in the development of the domestic agro-industrial complex. However, the changes that have taken place over the years have required additions and changes. The article notes the main innovations of the new version of the Food Security Doctrine. First of all, the main goals and the new tasks resulting from them have been clarified. In particular, one of the objectives is the need to ensure sound food consumption standards, to promote healthy lifestyles, including healthy nutrition; Realization of export potential taking into account saturation of the domestic market of the country; Improvement of rural social and engineering infrastructure; Development of production, material and technical resources, etc. The list of products for which food independence thresholds are calculated was supplemented by vegetables and melons, fruits and berries, as well as seeds of the main crops of domestic selection. Special attention is paid to the new challenges for the country of the epidemic of coronavirus infection, which has a huge impact on the way of life of people, which in turn has a complex consequence for the national economy. Information on the dynamics of foreign trade in agricultural products and food and its competitiveness was analysed. Measures of State support for the development of the agro-industrial complex were considered, their impact on the achievement of the strategic goals of the country’s development were assessed. Directions of improvement of agar policy taking into account balance of interests of consumers and producers of agricultural products and food are proposed.
At present, one of the most promising forms for development of the regional product sub complexes is integration in the form of cluster structures. The article considers the mechanism for forming the regional product cluster by the example of the soy sub complex in the Amur region. The goal of research is to develop conceptual provisions of the mechanism for the soy cluster formation in the region. The logical sequence of the main stages for the formation of regional product cluster is presented. The prerequisites that determine the prospects for the development of the soy sub complex of the Amur region and the problems that hinder its development are identified. A cluster model that promotes the growth of its own efficiency and the development efficiency of the region is proposed, and the organizational structure for cluster management in the form of non-profit partnership is initiated. The effects that will be obtained by the main participants of the soy cluster are determined, provided that the favourable economic environment is created by the public authorities.
The state of the world community, associated with the crisis in the energy and health sectors, forces countries to resort to self-isolation. The world turned upside down. Instead of globalization and cooperation between countries is their isolation from each other and this is the fault of an external factor. Forced self-isolation of countries leads to the fact that first of all it is necessary to take care of food self-sufficiency and accumulation of its reserves and resources. It should be noted that over the past two or three years, agricultural production in our country, relative to other sectors, has achieved high rates of development, the industry has been able to increase production volumes for certain types of products, surpass the indicators laid down in the Doctrine of food security, displace a lot of imported products from the food market, replace them with domestic ones. It would seem that the country has become on the rails of full self-sufficiency of the population with the main types of food of its own production. However, we must admit that it has not yet been able to get away from import dependence. Whether we like it or not, we must admit that high results were achieved with the participation of imported seeds and plant protection products, breeding stock, imported tractors and combines. The current situation in the world makes it necessary to pay close attention to the issues of breeding, breeding livestock and the development of agricultural machinery production. These questions are important and extensive and affect many of the problems associated with import substitution. The object of research is the North Caucasus Federal district. The relevance of the study of the state of import substitution in a single district is explained by the fact that the district makes a significant contribution to the food supply for the population, is an important element in guaranteeing food security for both the district and the country.
One of the most common models for organizing agro-industrial integration in the Krasnodar Territory is the holding model, which involves the formation of tightly structured integrated formations that span the various links of one or more food chains by fully controlling the activities of the economically, organizationally, and technologically related business entities. The implementation of the holding model of agro-industrial integration, as a rule, is associated with the concentration of land resources and industrial capital. Under the alternative model, investments are directed to land acquisition, and to the development of processing facilities and infrastructure. The model of active takeovers and expansion of the controlled economic space can be effective only under the conditions of unsaturated markets and significant volumes of state support. A relatively high level of organizational, economic, and technological flexibility and efficiency is demonstrated by the models suggesting orientation toward the contractual form of integration interactions. The transformation of the agro-food system of the Krasnodar territory and the system of integration interactions between producers and processors of agricultural products is influenced by a combination of multidirectional factors. In the context of the transformation of production systems of the agro-industrial formations of an integrated holding type and the optimization of the structure of their assets, the role of the regional authorities, as the main regulator of the agro-food system of the region is sharply increasing, as they are called upon to ensure the balance and proportionality of the regional agro-food complex and the sustainable development of rural areas through the redistribution of state support funds.
Taking into account the key role of the horticulture industry, in providing the population with the necessary vitaminized products, the issues of technical and technological renewal of the industry are currently being updated as the main factor in increasing its competitiveness and solving the problem of import substitution of fresh fruit crops and their processing products. The purpose of this study is to justify the early exit of the industry from the crisis to the trajectory of sustainable and high growth through the early introduction of new scientific achievements at all stages of the technological process of industrial horticulture. It is noted that at present the consumption of fruits per capita in our country is significantly smaller than in foreign countries. The article analyzed the dynamics of the main indicators of horticulture development in Russia for 2000-2018, showing a low rate of their growth. At the same time, in recent years, active work has been carried out to develop intensive horticulture, and regions - leaders in this direction - have also been identified. Regions of the Southern and North Caucasus federal districts account for the largest proportion of fruit produced. The experience of successful horticulture in Israel, a country deprived of all important resources for the industry, but showing good results achieved through the introduction of innovative technologies, is presented. The main challenges and promising areas for enhancing innovation in horticulture, including through private-public partnerships, were emerging.
An analysis of the existing institutional and economic mechanisms for improving the housing conditions of the rural population within the framework of special programmes for the social development of rural areas, from the point of view of their historical development, had made it possible to find the most needed of them for further improvement and to use in practice a programme-oriented approach to creating favourable conditions for the livelihood of the rural population. Special attention is paid to the problem of the number of rural families in the queue for improvement of housing conditions, which has hardly decreased during the decade, and the role of previous programmes of social development of rural areas, where the issue of rural housing has always been the primary issue in terms of importance and financial provision, has been shown. All available mechanisms for solving the housing issue have been considered in previous programmes for the social development of rural areas. On the basis of an analysis of measures aimed at increasing the share of well-equipped housing in rural settlements to 50‰, a restructuring of budgetary allocations is proposed. Priorities for financing those measures that are most in demand in rural areas to solve housing issues have been justified, priority measures have been identified to improve housing conditions for rural populations in the context of significant financial sequestration of the federal budget of the State Programme of the Russian Federation "Comprehensive Development of Rural Areas."