In the context of targeted processes for ensuring food independence of Russia and increasing expansion into foreign food markets, the relevance of developing the potential of the agro-industrial complex is sharply increasing. The agro-industrial complex is inextricably linked with rural areas, forming its spatial, social and economic components. Therefore, their development is possible only in systemic unity. Rural areas are complex natural and socio-economic systems, the development of which should be carried out on the basis of the targeted formation and rational use of their multifaceted potential, which acts as a basic dynamic subsystem. The potential of rural areas is formed under the influence of a huge number of factors of various natures, which must be assessed, monitored and taken into account when developing programs for the socio-economic development of the village. At the same time, the agro-industrial complex participates in the formation of a large number of components of the potential of rural areas, mainly related to the economy and social development of the village. A necessary condition for the successful realization of the potential of rural areas is the formation of a mechanism for ensuring a structural-tourist dynamic balance between the natural, social and economic components of both the territorial potential and the development potential of the agro-industrial complex. In this regard, studies of interrelated potentials for the development of rural areas and the agro-industrial complex are in demand: dynamic and structural assessment of the main components of the potential, the development of a methodology for targeting the development of rural areas in accordance with their potential, coordinated with the development directions of the agro-industrial complex. This article presents the results of the assessment of indicators characterizing the development of the agro-industrial complex and rural areas, as well as analyzed their relationship. The analysis was carried out on the example of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, including the allocation of groups of leading regions in the field of rural and agricultural development. A methodology for determining the directions of conjugate development of rural areas and the agro-industrial complex based on the results of an integrated assessment is presented.
The article discusses the issues of attracting private investors to rural areas based on foreign experience. There are four types of projects implemented in Central America and Southeast Asia: partnerships aimed at developing value chains in agriculture, partnerships for joint agricultural research, innovation and technology transfer, partnerships for the creation and modernization of market infrastructure, partnerships for the creation and modernization of market infrastructure. The authors focus on public-private partnership projects aimed at developing value chains, since this type of contract is the most preferable from the point of view of both rural development and from the point of view of ensuring the country's food security, which corresponds to the "National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation". At the same time, the role of public partners, private partners and farmers' organizations in the implementation of public-private partnership projects for the development of rural areas is highlighted. Various types of problems and limitations in the implementation of public-private partnership projects are also analyzed, including: problems of the regulatory environment, including the underdevelopment of the risk insurance institute; technical and operational problems; financial problems, as well as limited financing and rising costs. It was found that value chain partnerships face two major financial challenges: the inability to achieve a return on investment in the short and medium term and difficulties in maintaining activities that require investment after the partnership period.
The sustainable development within the framework of UN documents and Russian strategies is associated with economic growth and ensuring food security. Emphasis is placed on resource factors, since one of the most pressing problems of the modern development of agricultural production is its high import dependence on the supply of basic production resources. The main challenges for Russian agricultural production in the context of global socio-economic and political changes are summarized. The factors of sustainable development of agricultural production in Russia, associated with increasing efficiency, import substitution in the resource sector and increasing the export potential for agricultural products, are presented. The solution to the problem of overcoming the import resource dependence of domestic agricultural production is proposed to be differentiated depending on the current level of use of imported resources, the possibility of increasing domestic production of similar goods, and maintaining complementary imports. The adaptation of global indicators of sustainable development to the conditions of agricultural production in Russia has been carried out. The degree of structural changes in the sectoral, production and resource sphere of the agricultural industry is calculated. Based on the calculations, a conclusion was made, on the one hand, about the stability of production ratios by sectoral complexes and categories of farms, as well as in the resource provision of the agricultural sector; on the other hand, about the need for structural shifts in favour of an increase in the share of resource costs that ensure innovative development. The main directions of the strategy for implementing the sustainable development of Russian agricultural production and its resource potential in the face of new global challenges have been developed.
The article presents approaches to mathematical modeling of the agro-food system at the regional level, designed to be used as a means of analysis, justification and rational choice of effective options for adapting to the requirements of a low-carbon economy. A dynamic version of the model is considered, which describes the controlled process of transformation of the sectoral structure of crop and livestock production in their interaction, changes in the technological basis of the agro-food system. The criteria for the effectiveness of options are the profit from economic activity and the size of the carbon footprint, calculated for three types of gases: carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. The features of the mathematical description of the model include the use of climatic information in the forecast interval, the presence in its composition of a module for assessing the reserves of soil humus as a potential carbon storage, the use of locally optimal solutions when choosing the herd of dairy cows, parameters of fattening cattle.
Over 30 years of reforms, the products of agro-industrial, defense complexes and IT technologies have become the leaders of non-resource exports. These are the main goods that we can offer to the world market today and in the near future, since in many industrial industries we are 30-40 years behind (or forever) and will be uncompetitive for a long time in the world rapidly developing market, the last industrial structure, advanced equipment and technologies. The modern agro-industrial complex and the former agricultural greatness of Russia can be restored within 1-2 years in crop production and 3-5 years in animal husbandry, if more than 120 million Russian owners of about 40 million personal subsidiary (about 17 million) garden (about 22 million), farm (55 thousand farms) and agricultural organizations (18 thousand according to the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation) will be combined within 1 year into high-performance, highly profitable, waste-free agricultural production and trade cooperatives based on small forms of management, and medium and large agricultural organizations - into agro-industrial enterprises (type ZAO Ozyory) and associations (type of agricultural holding Dmitrovsky Ovoshchi) on the basis of, single ("through") waste-free, technological (product) chains with a closed production cycle and the sale of cheap, high-quality, competitive in the domestic and world market of final agricultural products (ready for consumption). This also applies to other national economic complexes and similar waste-free vertical-integral formations serving vertically integrated agro-industrial formations.
The article analyzes the correspondence of the share of middle-level agricultural specialists enrolled in training programs to the long-term development goals of the country's agricultural sector. The structure of training of such personnel is compared with the contribution to the gross regional product of the type of economic activity "Agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming" and the number of people engaged in this type of activity in the context of the macro-regions of Russia. The study shows the difference between the federal districts of the country according to the criteria for allocating the volume of budget places for the training of middle-level specialists in the programs of enlarged groups of specialties and areas of training 35 "Agriculture, forestry and fisheries" and 36 "Veterinary and zootechnics," reduced to the indicators of the provision of GRP and the share of people employed in the agro-industrial sector of the economy. The analysis shows an imbalance in the structure of training agricultural personnel with secondary vocational education with the need for them in the federal districts of the country.
The article is a continuation of the work published earlier. It is devoted to the development of an organizational and economic mechanism to support the specifics of the development of rural areas, the specificity of which is that rural areas are constantly under the strong influence of the economic law of territorial concentration of production. Due to a number of economic advantages of large cities and agglomeration, there is not sustainable development, but a growing lag in the development of most rural areas from urban areas. We are talking about the lag in income, in the provision of infrastructure for life, production, education and health care, in opportunities for highly skilled and well-paid work and, because of this, inequality in natural population growth. The composition of the organizational and economic mechanism for the development of rural areas has been developed, ordered by subjects of influence, the main forms and tools of influence are indicated, as well as the scheme of operation of the generalized mechanism, which, taking into account the theory of design of mechanisms, allows us to draw an important conclusion about the need to analyze the incentives planned and actually generated by the mechanism and subsequent adjustment of the forms of implementation of the mechanism to obtain the required compliance incentives. Based on the conclusions drawn, taking into account the results of previous studies, a list of ten most important features of a new organizational and economic mechanism for supporting the development of rural areas has been developed. Abstract-logical method, systemic approach, classical economic theory, theory of economic mechanisms are used in the work.
In the conditions of the aggravated geopolitical situation, the solution of the tasks of import substitution and accelerated scientific and technological development of agriculture depends on the investment support of the industry. The analysis of the development of investment processes in agriculture indicates the presence of a number of unresolved problems: the instability of the dynamics of the growth of investments in fixed assets; the mismatch of investment volumes to the solution of the tasks facing agriculture; low innovative orientation of investments; insufficient measures of state support for investment in the industry; low investment efficiency; accelerated price growth for investment products, especially agricultural machinery. Changes were noted in the measures of state support to stimulate investment activity in the agro-industrial complex, the main one was the support of preferential lending to agricultural enterprises (in 2021 about 60% of the actual expenditures under the subprogram), including small businesses. It is established that in 2021 only a tenth of agricultural enterprises carried out technological innovations. It is advisable to strengthen state support for investments in innovations, because the organization of import substitution of critically important types of agricultural products, as well as products used in the agro-industrial complex, will require significant investments. Promising areas of investment in agriculture are substantiated, taking into account the ESG principles – increasing investments in "green" projects in the agricultural sector and sustainable socio-economic development of the village.
The article substantiates the need to consider the institutional environment for the functioning of the agro-industrial complex as an independent object of research and forecasting. The authors propose a methodology for predicting the state of the institutional environment of the agro-industrial complex. The features, developed on the basis of a complex of scientific approaches, that need to be taken into account when forming forecasts of the state of the institutional environment of the agrarian sector of the economy, are clarified and presented. The authors propose to update such features constantly, because the conditions for the functioning of agricultural production and management are regularly transformed. Based on the consideration of indicators of self-sufficiency of the Russian Federation with key types of food from 1990 to 2021, a conclusion is made about the nature of the results of the implementation of the state agrarian policy. An analysis of the dynamics of the food security coefficient for the period from 1990 to 2021 made it possible to conclude that there is a correlation between political processes and economic indicators of ensuring food security. The development of the methodological apparatus for forecasting the state of the institutional environment of the agro-industrial complex is presented in the article on the basis of the calculation (2012-2021) and forecast of the values(2022-2050) of the quality index of the institutional environment for the functioning of the agro-industrial complex. As part of the formation of forecast scenarios for the functioning of the institutional environment of the agro-industrial complex, the authors propose optimistic and pessimistic) options for the values of the quality index of the institutional environment for the functioning of the agro-industrial complex until 2050. The optimal and ideal values of the considered index are also highlighted.
Retrospective analysis shows that in recent years there has been a tendency to expand the functions of elevators and grain reception centres. Along with the traditional provision of services for the post-harvest processing and storage of grain, they are increasingly engaged in its purchase and subsequent resale, and this type of economic activity often begins to bring them the bulk of their profits. The mechanism of relations between elevators and grain producers is gradually being rebuilt for it. The high profitability of grain trading is largely due to the peculiarities of the dynamics of prices in the grain market - low prices during harvest and relatively high in the spring-summer period. Only strengthening economic sustainability and improving the logistics of agricultural enterprises creates the conditions for their effective behaviour in the grain market, including the opportunity to better use the opportunities of favourable pricing conditions.