The article is devoted to the problems that are becoming more relevant as we move into the global agricultural sector of technologies that replace the work of family groups. The analysis of the views of Russian and foreign agricultural scientists on the problem of family commodity production is carried out. It reveals the essential characteristics of family farming. The main problems of the state programs of support of small forms of economy are revealed. A comparative analysis of the agricultural practices of Russia and the United States is carried out. The authors expressed their opinion on the correlation and functional limits of large agribusiness and small forms of agricultural organization. On the basis of the first introduced into scientific circulation material of the sample survey of Russian farms and the results of the all-Russian agricultural census, the article substantiates the conclusion about the preservation in the modern multi-layered rural economy of a significant place of family commodity farms, which demonstrate not only their natural advantages, but also adaptability to new technologies and market conditions.
Agricultural producers have the greatest difficulties in carrying out activities in the market and the promotion and sale of finished products to the final consumer. This is mainly due to the underdevelopment of market institutions and the fact that the agro-food market is influenced by a combination of various external and internal factors. In this regard, there is a need to develop a conceptual framework for the development of the agro-food market in Siberia taking into account inter-regional and international food relations. The concept of development of the regional agro-food market defines the main directions, methods and methods of economic manoeuvre to achieve the goals. The article presents the methodological basis of scientific substantiation of the concept of development of the regional agro-food market. The General economic factors, as well as factors of regional and intraregional nature, influencing the development of the agro-food market are indicated. A range of unresolved production problems, including issues of improving the structure of agricultural production, has been identified. The areas of specialization and placement of agricultural production in the subjects of the Russian Federation of Siberia are forming the main volumes of agricultural products. The current situation on grain, potatoes and vegetables, meat products, import of food products from abroad is presented and the main partner countries, their share in the foreign trade turnover of Siberia are identified. The main tasks of development of the agro-food market and perspective directions of interstate and interregional food relations of subjects of the Russian Federation of Siberia are allocated.
It is impossible to recognize Russia as the country with civilized market economy as the exclusive sector and a banking system "extort" economic resources from other industries of economy and in the first queue from not monopolized agriculture. The president V. Putin obliged to increase by 2024 export of agricultural products of Russia to 45 billion dollars. Successfully it is possible to carry out the task set by V. Putin if on a voluntary basis to integrate in Russia all commodity small farms, more than 60‰ of all agricultural products which are unorganized supplying to the market of the country manufacturing up to 93–95‰ of potatoes and vegetables in Russia, having created the specialized agricultural production and trade cooperatives of the Scandinavian type on their basis. On the basis of other 5–7‰ of the remained area under potatoes and vegetables of the open ground occupied with averages and large agricultural organizations it is reasonable to create the agro-industrial enterprises (control devices for pre-launch and launching) (type of CJSC Ozyory of the Ozyorsk district the potato chips and associations implementing the cheapest in the world (agro-industrial associations of holding type "Dmitrovsky vegetables" implementing peeled and leaves for the first time in the world the set vacuumized "borshchevy" in retail retail chain stores as this 1st purely Slavic dish.
Fresh vegetables and fruits are an integral part of modern man's diet. However, most of the world’s adult population, including Russia, listened little to the recommendations of the World Health Organization and did not pay much attention to food and health. There was a need to increase the demand for fruits and vegetables in order to achieve the minimum physiological standard recommended by scientific medicine. In Russia, the level of the minimum rate of vegetable consumption is lower than in the international standard, although this indicator is directly related to the population's health criteria and also affects the development of the vegetable growing industry as a whole. During the study the authors used the materials of official statistics and a number of Russian and foreign analytical companies, on the basis of which calculations and conclusions were made. According to the results of the work carried out, the actual consumption of vegetables varies from the statistical one and remains significantly below the minimum one. Ensuring the level of consumption of vegetables by the population to the standards recommended by scientific medicine is one of the important State tasks affecting the aspects of health care, sustainable development of vegetable and seed production industries and rural development, import substitution and, in general, food security of the country.
In contrast to the all-Russian practice, a progressive type of reproduction of the population took shape in the North Caucasus Federal District, with its characteristic high rates of natural movement and a considerable supply of labour. All constituencies of the District are agrarian regions, so the rural areas are traditionally characterized by their main problems: intensive negative migration, lack of jobs, low employment of the population, unemployment and relatively low standard of living. The set of natural, climatic, economic, and social factors was studied, which largely determined not only the features of settlement, but also the structure of production activities. The author presents and analyzes the main socio-demographic characteristics: the gender and age structure of the population, the dynamics of the population until 2036, and life expectancy. Among the socio-economic characteristics of the considered growth rates of jobs, including high-performance and their relationship with the dynamics of labour supply, the level of tension in the rural labour market, the dynamics of employment, unemployment. For an objective description of the standard of living, the indicator was calculated: «the proportion of the population with incomes below the established regional subsistence minimum». On the basis of the study, proposals were made for improving the socio-economic situation and demographic processes.
This paper presents an algorithm for determining significant indicators for the level of sustainable socio-economic development of rural areas, based on the use of regression analysis. The proposed algorithm includes five successive stages: the collection of primary statistical data (the creation of an information array for conducting regression analysis); primary database analysis; building models (selection of the best); verification of model specification selection (assessment of the significance of regression parameters and the quality of the model as a whole); determining the results of econometric research (the representation of models in the form of an equation; the economic interpretation of regression estimates). Significant indicators for the level of sustainable socio-economic development of rural areas are: the volume of agricultural production; the amount of investment in fixed assets; total population; the number of non-gasified settlements; the amount of living space commissioned; the proportion of children of the municipality who are registered for determination in a pre-school educational institution; the value of the average monthly wage. The practical value of the study lies in the application of the results obtained in the strategic planning of rural areas, contributing to an increase in their socio-economic sustainability, an increase in the well-being of rural residents and an improvement in the quality of living in rural areas.
In a market economy, business success depended, first of all, on the ability to effectively use the advantages of public forms of production organization. Significant opportunities for the successful development of agricultural organizations and their financial sustainability were available in taking advantage of diversification of production, effective interaction and complementarity among the various sectors of the economy. The study used methods: statistical, abstract-logical, expert assessments. A model for the development of agricultural farms based on diversification of production had been developed and their economic and social effectiveness had been shown. The experience of advanced farms confirms the expediency of improving the spatial development of productive forces by creating a closed technological chain within farms: raw material cultivation - processing - production of finished products - sale. A new concept of farm management is needed. It should be based on the principle of ensuring the effective use of land.
The set of the tasks for management of the complex economic system development can be grouped into the following aggregate tasks: based on the objective assessment of the development trends of the management object and its current state, set the system development goals, formalizing them using the set of quantitative indicators, ground the optimal way for their achievement, and ensure the system’s functioning within the limits of permissible deviations from this way. As a tool for substantiating the optimal parameters for the development of the regional agro-food complex, it is proposed to use an aggregated economic-mathematical model to optimize the combination of agricultural sectors of the block-diagonal type, in which various categories of farms are represented as separate blocks, and the balance of food resources in the connecting block. As a criterion for the optimality of the first (basic) development scenario, the maximization of the value of the final product of the agro-food complex in the region excluding products aimed at intermediate consumption is used, in the second scenario the maximization of the difference between the value of commercial products and the costs of its production excluding households. When implementing the parameters of the first scenario, the cost of the final product of the agro-food complex of the Voronezh region (in 2018 prices) may reach 265.1 billion roubles, and the attributable profit for agricultural organizations and peasant farm enterprise (excluding subsidies) - 45.6 billion roubles. In the second scenario, the cost of the final product decreases to 260.3 billion roubles, and the conditional profit increases to 49.9 billion roubles, while the level of profitability of the products of the agro-food complex reaches 35.9‰ (according to the first option - 32.3‰).
Within implementation of "May Decrees" of the President of the Russian Federation and "The strategy of social and economic development of agro-industrial complex of Russia" the important task is set for the agrarian sector of economy: to increase a role of the country in the industrial market of food for the purpose of ensuring food independence of the country. This task has multidimensional character and can be solved only by an integrated approach of formation of the innovative environment in agriculture on the basis of effective, real innovations. In article theoretical approaches to essence of the innovative environment in agriculture are considered. Innovations were present at all stages of the public relations and in all spheres of activity of society. Authors believe that the system of necessary conditions of formation of the innovative environment is built at four levels of the public relations and is characterized by their directions (economic, political, and public). The offered periodization of history of innovative management includes two stages which distinctive feature is different degree of efficiency.
The influence of the pricing system on the investment development of agricultural producers is considered on the example of domestic and foreign practice of agricultural production. It is revealed that the successes achieved in recent years in agricultural and agro-industrial production are the result of the modernization of advanced agricultural producers and the development of high-tech projects in agro-industrial formations. The thesis that one of the key directions of investment development of the domestic agricultural sector is to increase the profitability of agricultural enterprises of various forms of ownership is confirmed. It is concluded that the market-oriented pricing mechanism without other regulatory instruments and, in particular, without strong state support can not provide equivalence in the relations of agriculture with other related enterprises in agriculture. The generalized conclusion is presented that, since the mid-90s, in the countries of the European Union (EU) in the system of stimulation of agricultural producers there have been significant changes. The transition from the regulation of the mechanism of prices for agricultural products – raw materials and products in the domestic market to subsidizing farms using the so-called "unrelated support" of farm income, it is proposed to develop and adopt a special state investment program for agricultural producers producing and selling milk-raw materials for processors.