The article deals with the category of life quality of the rural population and the ways to assess it. It is shown that there is no clear definition of the concept and the structure of the life quality of the rural population. The definition of the concept " life quality of the rural population" in the context of modern socio-economic conditions is given by the authors. Namely, the quality of life is an integral socio-economic category, reflecting both a set of living conditions that make it possible to meet the needs (material, cultural, spiritual, etc.) of the population and its reproduction, and a subjective assessment of the satisfaction of these needs. A scheme of indicators of the life quality of the rural population is proposed. A technique for assessing the life quality of the rural population is developed. It includes the grouping of the statistical indicators into five blocks: demographic, economic, labour, infrastructural and environmental. The methodology for assessing the quality of life involves four stages. They are: search and primary selection of statistical indicators; standardization; calculation of partial indices for each group of indicators mentioned above; calculation of the integral index of the life quality of the rural population. Basing on the technique proposed the quality of life of the rural population of the regions of the Siberian Federal District was assessed. For each region, strengths and weaknesses in terms of life quality are identified, and possible development paths are proposed. The authors recommend using the proposed technique in development of regional and departmental programs in order to increase their social effectiveness.
In the context of the digitalization of the economy, approaches to staffing rural areas are being radically revised. The personnel policy in relation to the modern village implies a modification of the characteristics of labour capital and is due to the transformation, diversification of the rural economy, the increasing role of digital technologies, non-agricultural industries and the emergence of new types of economic activities, new professions. Currently, mass human labour is being used less and less in the production sector, the role of qualified and competent specialists focused on performing more complex technical and technological operations is increasing. In this regard, the formation of high-quality labour capital is becoming a key factor in the sustainable socio-economic development of rural areas. The fundamental change in the role of labour resources in the rural economy, a decrease in its share in the national wealth is also due to the insufficient compliance of the existing professional and qualification structure of personnel in rural areas with modern requirements of society, including due to a decrease in the productivity of workers with an increase in the productivity of machines and mechanisms in the agro-industrial complex, global trends in mass mechanization, automation, informatization and digitalization of agricultural work, gradual replacement of low-skilled labour with more skilled. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors of the process of modifying competencies, characteristics, and parameters of rural labour capital in the conditions of digitalization of the economy. The parameters of high-quality labour capital that form its basis are revealed: education, health, culture, social and spiritual needs, the level of possession of scientific knowledge, information and modern information technologies, competencies. The model of a "socially responsible employee" is proposed, whose behaviour is determined by social norms and motives, obligations and expectations, values and needs, activity and responsibility, entrepreneurship and competence.
The financial stability of agricultural organizations is a generalizing result of their total entrepreneurial activity. Nevertheless, despite solid state support, many organizations in the industry fail to ensure their financial well-being. The reasons for this are mainly shortcomings in the systemic planning of their activities - operating, investment, and financial. This situation is largely due to the complexity of the methodological approaches to financial analysis published in the scientific literature. Since the starting materials for science-based system planning are the current and dynamic indicators of financial analysis. The paper analyzes various approaches to the integral assessment of the financial condition of business entities published in the economic literature. Alternative calculations were carried out according to the reporting data of Agrofirma Zai LLC for 2020. The results of solving the problem turned out to be completely different. It is well known that the quality of theoretical models for solving any issues is assessed by the level of their reflection of the true situation. However, the studied models of a comprehensive assessment of the financial situation of farms did not meet these requirements. It is established that such an indicator is the current liquidity ratio. It is functionally related to seven other coefficients that independently characterize the financial condition of organizations. In this paper, we carried out a method of factor analysis of changes in the current liquidity ratio in dynamics and in comparison with reference farms.
The article attempts to analyze a number of basic provisions of the decline of capitalism, which consists in the depravity of the nature of its economic model, which is based on a constant increase in material consumption, which leads to an irreversible process of reducing the resource base of the planet. Outgoing capitalism, in our opinion, could not solve numerous internal and external problems, because, as you know, the purpose of a market economy is to make maximum profit, which leads to contradictions between the owner and district workers. The world project "Socialist System" did not fully implement its socio-economic principles, which does not mean at all the final loss of these principles. Proponents of capitalism today propose the development of a global economy, which involves building a social model of society on the principles of a digital hierarchy. However, such a proposed paradigm meets with serious disagreement in all countries of the world. That is why the proposed article focuses on a conceptual vision of a new economic model built on the principles of justice and solidarity, which can eliminate the contradiction between labour and capital. The article shows the results of the work of the real sector of the country's economy for 2021 where, on average, each employee produces 64 kopecks of profit for the owner per rouble of salary, and there are enterprises and entire industries where this figure reaches 8-10 roubles. This speaks not just about exploitation, but over and above the exploitation of hired labour. The essence of the changes is that each employee of the enterprise works for part of his property, which gives him the right to receive a certain share of profit as a dividend, that is, in fact, he becomes an employee of this enterprise. A step-by-step transition to a new economic structure is outlined, in which the unconditional role should belong to the state in supporting a harmonious economic model.
In the context of the transition of the agro-industrial complex to an innovative development path, the problem of the formation and use of labour resources is of particular importance. Improving the professional and qualification level of education of agricultural workers, improving the quality of life of their lives, increasing labour productivity, and securing personnel in the industry are key tasks for increasing the competitiveness of agricultural production. The current unfavourable demographic situation, the lack of motivation and incentives for the development of labour resources, the low prestige of agricultural labour, low wages, and the underdevelopment of the social infrastructure in rural areas contributed to the shortage of personnel in agribusiness organizations and the outflow of the rural population to cities. At the same time, there remains the problem of the lack of a comprehensive assessment of the formation and use of labour resources, which would make it possible to carry out their general diagnostics in time and space. In this regard, the development of a methodology for studying labour resources and determining trends in their development in order to develop measures to improve their qualitative characteristics is becoming one of the leading directions in the economy and meets the goals and objectives of the development of the entire national economic complex of the country.
At the heart of digital transformation of the agro-industrial complex of the region should be a digital ecosystem functioning with the help of a specialized platform. The digital ecosystem in the agro-industrial complex of the region is understood by the authors as a client-centric business model that combines several groups of products, services, and information on a single digital platform to meet the final needs of ecosystem participants. The main elements of the digital ecosystem are agro-sharing, processing, marketing and agro-tourism. Its participants are agricultural producers, processing enterprises, rural residents and summer residents, municipal authorities, peasant (farmer) farms and individual entrepreneurs. The interaction between the participants should be carried out using a digital platform, which, for example, allows you to see agricultural machinery or processing facilities available in the municipal area and send an application for their use. The addition of the digital ecosystem with such an element as agro tourism will provide an opportunity not only for additional earnings for agricultural producers, but also for attracting the urban population to rural areas. The article schematically presents the digital ecosystem of the agro-industrial complex of the region. The creation of such an ecosystem, firstly, will increase the efficiency of agro-industrial production, secondly, it will increase the incomes of rural residents, and thirdly, it will ensure direct supplies of manufactured products to sales markets.
This article is devoted to clarifying the content of the concepts of economic mechanism and organizational and economic mechanism in the system of other fundamental economic concepts. Despite the extremely large number of works where these concepts are used, their economic content, and, most importantly, the relationship of these concepts in the system with the concepts of institutions, economic interests and incentives, production relations, economic phenomena, laws and regularities, do not seem to be fully elucidated. Abstract-logical method, systemic approach, a number of provisions of political economy, classical economic theory, new institutional theory, theory of economic mechanisms are used. We proceed from the definition of the concept of "mechanism" as a set of bodies (links), successively transmitting motion from one moving link to another with a repeating result. This allows formulating the definition of an economic mechanism as a sequence (a chain or several interconnected chains) of interrelated recurring economic phenomena that lead to a certain result. At the same time, it is necessary to distinguish between economic mechanisms that exist objectively and are not dependent on the subjective intentions of persons acting in the economy (people and / or organizations), and economic mechanisms that are consciously formed to obtain certain results. Economic mechanisms can be distinguished by science or practice in various ways - by industry or by territorial principle, by management functions or some economic processes, by acting subjects, which also have their own mechanisms of influence in the economy, or by subjects. Consequently, the number of isolated mechanisms can be, generally speaking, very large, potentially infinite. Economic mechanisms are important for theory and practice because they form economic incentives and influence economic interests. Analyzing the relationship between the concepts of economic mechanisms and production (economic) relations, the author came to the conclusion that production relations are such mutual objective relations arising in social production that form the rights and obligations of each of the parties for some specific reason in the course of production activities. The concept of production relations is more abstract than the concept of institutions - formal and informal rules of action for people and organizations in the economy. At the same time, certain institutions that characterize rights and obligations form the forms and content of certain production relations. Production relations, in turn, shape the economic interests of people. Thus, economic mechanisms, on the one hand, are an important link on the basis of which economic laws and regularities are formed, and, on the other hand, they form incentives for people's economic actions. A figure showing the dialectical relationships of these concepts is presented.
Innovations form the basis of the development of the modern economy. Currently, advanced scientific, technical and technological developments have been created in Russia, there is a positive experience in the development of production. However, not in all regions and not in all agro-industrial organizations, these achievements are properly applied. This situation is due to many factors noted by scientists and specialists of the agro-industrial complex. Several of the main ones is international, financial and personnel problems. In this regard, governing bodies at all levels need to take into account both well-known requirements for the formation and development of a management system and its constituent elements, and specific for the management of innovation, including a set of organizational, economic, administrative and other mechanisms of influence on certain structures engaged in the development of new technics and technologies for agro-industrial production, stimulating producers to introduce modern scientific and technical achievements, to master information technologies, to train qualified personnel for the successful implementation of technological and other operations, to carry out communication interactions, decision-making, etc. For the successful implementation of technical, technological, organizational, economic, industrial and other innovations in the conditions of digitalization of the agro-industrial complex, financial, qualified labour and information resources are required. Their availability largely depends on state support and the effectiveness of state regulation, the development of the education system and the use of digital technologies in agriculture.
The article examines the results of auctions for 2021 for the purchase and sale of agricultural land plots owned by the state or municipal property of the Russian Federation. The analysis of the information posted on the state portal in the unified information system of the Russian Federation made it possible to estimate the scale of transactions in the context of federal districts based on the grouping of land plots by area, cadastral value, form of ownership of land plots sold at auction. The results of completed and failed transactions, transactions with one participant are considered. The comparison of the initial and final cost of land plots with their cadastral value, both in absolute value and per 1 ha. The degree of deviation of the specified cost values is investigated. Examples of completed transactions of purchase and sale of land plots, the value of which significantly deviated from the cadastral value, are given. There is a pattern - with an increase in the number of land plots put up for auction and their areas, the final unit cost of plots (per 1 hectare) decreases;
The consumption of milk and dairy products by the population of the Russian Far East remains very low, and by 2020 is 59%. At the same time, on the territory of the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District, there is an insufficient level of workload of the production capacities of existing processing enterprises. So JSC "Blagoveshchensk Dairy Plant" geographically located in the Amur region uses its production capacity by 46.0%. The practice of interaction with the company revealed the main problem - the lack of raw materials. In turn, the analysis of the factors hindering the development of the dairy sector in the Amur region revealed as a determining factor – the lack of own financial resources for agricultural producers to invest in the implementation of new investment projects. The weight of the factor among others is 87%. The proposed conceptual approach to the integrated organization of feed production and use in cattle breeding was used in the development of an investment project for the construction of a livestock complex for 2400 cows. The project was developed taking into account the interest of the state in meeting the needs of the population in dairy products, JSC "Blagoveshchensk Dairy Plant" in expanding the raw material base, and JSC "Luch" in the development of production activities. Due to the increase in the supply of milk for processing, the use of production capacities will increase from 46.0% to 67.9%, the volume of production by 47.7%. By saving fixed costs, expanding the volume of production and sales of products, an additional income of 134711 thousand roubles is projected, the profitability of products will increase by 2.5%. About 20 kg of dairy products will be added to the market of milk and dairy products per capita.