The branches of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation have been actively digitized in recent years. However, not all regions are yet able to actively introduce digital technologies into the practice of agricultural production, but it is with their application that the further development of the agro-industrial complex and the economy of the North Caucasus Federal District as a whole are connected. The article deals with the issues of the transition of the agricultural sectors of the North Caucasus Federal District to a more active use of progressive IT technologies for the intensification of agricultural production and other sectors of the agro-industrial complex. Currently, the regional "Digital Transformation Strategy" of the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District does not imply active digitalization of the industry due to certain circumstances of the actual state of the industry. It is important to identify these reasons and create effective prerequisites for preparing the agro-industrial complex of the region for intensification based on the digital component. The work uses aspect, analytical and empirical approaches to problem solving, the study of scientific literature, generalization, comparative analysis. The study is based on scientific and analytical works of domestic scientists, specialists, materials from various analytical publications, reporting data from statistical collections of the Moscow School of Management Skolkovo and the National Research University Higher School of Economics on the digitalization of various sectors of the economy. The study identifies factors that impede the immediate active introduction of digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex of the North Caucasus Federal District, proposes priority areas of activity in the field of state regulation, stimulating the creation of immediate conditions for the effective implementation, promotion and sustainable functioning of modern computer technologies in the regional agro sphere based on the use of full coverage of high-speed Internet in rural areas. territories, creation and modernization of an extensive infrastructure, stimulation of the technical re-equipment of production enterprises, renewal of production assets, solving the issue of a lack of specialized personnel and retraining of specialists and managers of enterprises in the agro-industrial complex of the region.
The article is devoted to the problems of digital transformation of the food supply chain. The need for digital transformation in the agricultural volume sphere is justified. The main facts that contribute to the digitalization of the agricultural sector were ggeneralized. The essence and content of the terms "economic relations" and "supply chains" in relation to the agro-industrial complex are disclosed. The stages of evolutionary development of the process of informatization and automation in agribusiness are established. Institutional condition-view, technical and humanitarian prerequisites for digital transformation of the agrarian economy is justified. It is shown that, thanks to the digitalization of technological processes and automating information collecting information on products, it is possible to use the effect of scale in agribusiness and partially level the negative impact of the human factor and opportunistic-stylish behaviour of hired workers. The sanctions policy, pursuing the Covid-19 pandemic against the Russian Federation from the Russian Federation from the Russian Federation from the part of the unfriendly countries, along with significant problems and challenges, gave a significant impetus to the development of electronic trade online, which contributed to the strengthening of economic relations in the food sphere between domestic producers. The conceptual foundations of the digital transformation of various types of food supplies are justified with the main factors of their evolutes’ development. An analysis of the state of digitalization of the supply chain at the level of the hierarchy and the life cycle of production from the field to the counter were held. Ensuring access to digital technologies for enterprises of small forms of management, farmers and other rural enterprises can provide them with significant competitive advantages, use rural labour, build network partnerships, get a support for auxiliary services, such as training, financial and financial and financial Legal services, facilitate the output of products to the consumer. The advantage of the use of the Block chain digital technology and the distributed register to control the execution of contracts on the supply circuit was carried out.
The paper presents an economic assessment of the negative external effect of the nuclear-industrial complex on agriculture on the example of the consequences of radioactive contamination of the Bryansk region caused by the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986. Based on the results of the assessment, it was found that the greatest negative impact is on the production of feed products. The calculated damage from radioactive contamination of green mass, haylage, silage and hay amounted to about 280.8 million roubles for all agricultural enterprises of the Bryansk region in 2022. The profitability of applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizers is also determined - one of the agrochemical methods to reduce the radiation activity of soils and crop products. It has been established that the profit from the increase in crop production as a result of the application of mineral fertilizers is 170.7 million roubles.
The article presents the methodology developed by the author of proactive monitoring of high-tech investment projects of the agro-industrial complex within the framework of a world-class scientific and educational center. A cyclical model of proactive monitoring of the implementation of high-tech investment projects of the agro-industrial complex is presented, since proactive monitoring is based on continuous cycles and feedback, which in turn makes it possible to increase the level of regional economic systems. The article describes in detail the main stages of the procedure. The stage of formation of an expert group is proposing the use of the method of formation of quantitative and qualitative composition of expert groups. The stage of receipt of information on projects, at which it is necessary to identify the compliance of the infrastructure of the region with the target functions of a high-tech investment project. At the stage of assessing the impact of the project on development, the territorial and sectoral specialization of the region builds a rating of the most influential projects on the socio-economic development of the region. The "opportunities" assessment stage, during which the identification and assessment is carried out along with the risks of the project feasibility. At the stage of integral assessment of high-tech investment projects hierarchies are built regarding the goals of "opportunity," "risk," "territorial-industry specialization."
The article deals with the development of exports of agricultural raw materials and foodstuffs. The authors emphasize that in the context of achieving self-sufficiency indicators for various types of food, increasing exports is a necessary condition for the effective and balanced development of specific sub-sectors of the agro-industrial complex. At the same time, in modern conditions, it is important not only to create a new commercial mass of agro-food products, but also to eliminate trade barriers and form an effective system for promoting products to foreign markets. An important problem of increasing the export of domestic products is to increase its competitiveness. Assessment of the competitiveness of cereals, based on the analysis of a system of indicators: the volume of exports of products and the share occupied by domestic export products in the world market; export prices for agricultural raw materials and foodstuffs, both in Russia and in its main exporting countries; coefficient of revealed comparative advantage, revealed that wheat and barley currently have competitive advantages, both in terms of price factors and in terms of volumes of products exported to the world market. At the same time, the reserves of its competitiveness have been largely exhausted, which necessitates an increase in the efficiency of production and logistics, as well as state support for the industry. In order to determine the prospects for the development of domestic grain exports, the volumes of their supplies to the main importing countries were studied with the identification of our main competitors in these markets. On this basis, priority directions for the development of exports of domestic products of the agro-industrial complex are substantiated, taking into account the current geopolitical situation.
The problem of food security in the sphere of fruit consumption has not been solved in Russia. The share of imports in the consumption of fruits, berries and grapes is 58.9%. An increase in their gross harvest and a reduction in imports have made it possible to increase food independence. In 2013-2021, fruit production increased from 3.2 to 4.7 million tons, or by 48.0%, and their imports decreased from 7.2 to 6.3 million tons, or by 12.5%. As a result, the level of self-sufficiency in fruits increased from 31.8% to 44.4% with its threshold value of 60%. The economic availability of fruits did not change during the period under review and amounted to 63% with a threshold value of 100%. To achieve the threshold values of indicators of food independence and economic accessibility of fruits provided for in the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to increase fruit production to 8.8 million tons. The economic availability of fruits is affected not only by the volume of fruit production, their import, but also by consumer prices, which have high growth rates. For a significant part of the country's population, fruits are practically not available. To increase it, it is also necessary to ensure the growth of incomes of the population or provide social support. The role of certain categories of farms in providing the country's population with fruit and berry products is revealed. The main producers of gross output are households of the population (64.1%), commodity – agricultural organizations (58.9%). To ensure food security in the field of fruit consumption, it is necessary to increase state support for horticulture, increase the efficiency of budget allocations by developing a stimulating organizational and economic mechanism, lay fruit and berry plantations mainly in the most favourable areas for the development of industrial horticulture, concentrate the production of fruits and berries in specialized farms where there are opportunities for the organization of storage of products, develop marketing consumer cooperation.
Due to the political and economic situations in the world, the population of Russia is increasingly faced with the choice of a vacation destination on the territory of their native country. In this regard, there is an increasing need to expand the tourist opportunities of the regions, finding new and interesting destinations for recreation. Often the Siberian Federal District is considered exclusively as a natural recreation, with impenetrable thickets, hunting and fishing, but in Siberia, in addition to the rich nature, there is no less rich historical and cultural heritage, unique traditional cuisine, a special Siberian way of life. In order to form interesting tourist routes that will be able to affect not only popular tourist sites, but also places that are not in mass demand, it is necessary to analyze the resources of rural areas for tourism development, as well as an analysis of agricultural specifics and the development of small businesses in the regions of Siberia. This will make it possible to get an idea of the agro touristic zoning of the Siberian Federal District, as well as to assess the possible potential for the development of agro tourism for each individual region. It is important to note that it is the small forms of economic management that can play an active role, and also be interested in the development of this direction as an additional source of income from an auxiliary type of activity - agro tourism. This is due to the small production volumes, the farmer's ability to be included in the technological process of production himself, as well as the desire to produce high-quality products using organic farming standards.
The article deals with topical issues of the functioning of the horticulture and fruit processing industry in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union, which includes the Republics of Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and the Russian Federation. The significance of the development of the analyzed structural units of the fruit subcomplex of the agro-industrial complex is determined by the range of various issues to be solved: economic, social, environmental, rural areas, which will significantly affect the expansion of interaction between the EAEU member states. The current trends in the production of fresh and processed horticultural products are reflected, comparative data on the development of the analyzed industries, average per capita consumption, volumes of export and import operations are presented. The analysis covers the period 2015-2020. The relevance of the problems of the article is due to the fact that fresh and processed horticultural products are officially included in the group of main import categories in the EAEU countries, which implies the need for accelerated increase in the volume of own production of these products, improvement of structural changes in the economy, quality of new dynamics in solving the main task of any state - improving the health of the population. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the need to deepen mutual cooperation in conditions of unfavourable economic and geopolitical conjuncture in order to achieve sustainable, balanced development of horticulture and fruit processing industry, reduce production and economic losses, and ensure food security of the population. The methodological basis of the study was the data of the national state statistical services of the EAEU, analytical data of scientific publications, as well as scientific research of scientists on improving agri-food policy. Statistical analysis methods were used. The study showed that in the EAEU countries there is an increase in the area of perennial plantings, the volume of production of fresh and processed fruit and berry products, the trade turnover between them is expanding. Russia makes the largest contribution to exports and imports within the five countries. Promising directions of integration cooperation of the EAEU member states for increasing production potential and cooperation in the analyzed area have been identified. The results obtained can be used by state authorities to improve the ongoing transformations in the agricultural sector.
The formation of innovative activity was studied by foreign and Russian scientists. However, the problems of integrating science and agricultural production, ways to accelerate the implementation of R&D results and best practices in agricultural production, the development of innovative infrastructure, increasing the innovative activity of each subject of agricultural production, aspects of the development of technology transfer have not been sufficiently considered. In the study, the authors focused on the consideration of agricultural innovations in Japan, the USA, Germany, the Netherlands, India, Israel, and the Republic of Korea. Also they analyzed the R&D expenses in Germany, Serbia, France, and the intensity of expenditures connected with innovations in the Russian Federation, as well as the features of the technology transfer mechanism of different countries. The considered elements of the agrarian innovation mechanism are used to varying degrees in the agriculture of the leading countries in agricultural intensive development. The mechanism under consideration is represented by a set of internal and external information structures, Internet platforms that accumulate and analyze significant amounts of data on agricultural production. A positive result arises in the case of turning an idea into a high-tech product that brings an economic effect confirmed by the experience of practical application. Technology transfer in the agricultural sector ensures the promotion of high-tech products and free access to them for potential consumers. Recommendations for improving the technology transfer mechanism applicable in Russia’s agrarian economy are highlighted: the integration of science and agricultural production, the development of innovative infrastructure, the spread of electronic trading platforms.
The relevance of the research topic is due to the need to increase labour productivity, as one of the important indicators characterizing the efficiency of the economy. The problem is typical for all sectors of the country's economy, but it is most acute for agriculture. Traditionally, in Russia, agriculture is considered a labour-intensive type of economic activity. The high cost of final agricultural products for the end consumer is explained by the complexity of the logistics chain. Therefore, productivity is important throughout the food chain, and not just in a separate segment of agriculture. The aim of the study is to identify factors that contribute to the increase in labour productivity in the regions of the Southern Federal District with agricultural specialization. The hypothesis of the study is to justify the need for the participation of the regions of the Southern Federal District with agricultural specialization in the implementation of the national project "Labour Productivity". A comparative analysis of the factors affecting labour productivity in agriculture revealed negative trends in wages in the studied regions, a decrease in grain yields, and a high degree of depreciation of fixed assets in the industry.