Changes in the institutional environment, technologies and generations of technology dictate new rules in the formation of human capital. The totality of knowledge, skills and abilities used for the production of goods becomes a key resource for the sustainable development of rural areas. Developed human capital is a necessary condition for increasing labor productivity in agriculture and, accordingly, improving the well-being and quality of life of the rural population. It is important to separate what is sustainable development – it is the connection of three components: economic well-being, social well-being and ecological balance. If two components can coexist quite harmoniously, ensuring the development of each other (economic well-being and social), then achieving ecological balance remains a component that slows down two factors of sustainable development. It is important to propose such a mechanism where all three components equally contribute to the sustainable development of rural areas without interfering with each other. sustainable development, human capital, rural areas, competencies, economic well-being, ecological balance, social well-being.
Personal subsidiary farms are an independent, equal sector of the agrarian economy, one of the elements of the agro-industrial complex of the country, which is significantly different from other agricultural forms. Firstly, personal subsidiary farms simultaneously act as both a producer and a consumer of these manufactured products; secondly, a minimum amount of space is used for the production of products; thirdly, the consumption of products occurs within the family, therefore the range of manufactured products is very diverse. Personal subsidiary farms, like any economic entity, are inherent in problems that concern not only personal subsidiary farms, but affect the economy of the country as a whole, since the development of personal subsidiary farms has a positive effect on the self-sufficiency of rural residents with agricultural products; on the production of agricultural products for sale; on the participation of households in the process of reproduction of labor; to equalize the standard of living of certain categories of the population and increase the level of employment in rural areas; as well as to improve the lives of the rural population; labor education of young people. Based on the results of agricultural micro-censuses in 2016 and 2021, the article presents the results of a study of the current state of personal subsidiary farms. In particular, the dynamics and structure of the areas of agricultural land occupied by personal subsidiary farms for the cultivation of agricultural crops are shown; the dynamics and structure of the cultivation of livestock and poultry in personal subsidiary farms are analyzed; and the results of a study on the production volumes of personal subsidiary farms are presented. According to the results of the analysis, the prospects for the development of personal subsidiary farms are proposed, the probability of their implementation directly depends on state support at the regional level, the development of cooperation with the participation of households of the population, assistance in the creation of procurement and processing marketing structures.
Ensuring the competitive advantages of the agricultural sector is a decisive factor in the current stage of economic development and is largely determined by the level of use of innovative technologies. The innovative development of the economy determines the efficient use of all types of resources. Modern agricultural production provides for the creation of an institutional environment that generates system solutions that cause synergetic effects in agricultural production. In the context of digitalization, the introduction of artificial intelligence systems and network technologies in the activities of agricultural enterprises, agricultural production is considered as a system of interrelated technological operations. For each operation, a formalized description of the algorithm for its implementation is given, a set of input and output parameters is determined, and software and hardware tools are developed to ensure the functioning of the control object within the framework of an integrated technological system. The innovative environment promotes the introduction of digital technologies in agricultural production, the development of artificial intelligence systems, the infrastructure of the agro-industrial complex and human capital, the implementation of an innovative system of training specialists and professional retraining of personnel. Modern educational platforms provide for the transition to targeted training programs for specialists and professional retraining of personnel, provide training for employees to work in the environment of modern technological complexes, the organization of effective planning of crops, livestock, analysis of economic activity and the choice of promising areas for the development of agricultural business. In the Republic of Tatarstan, effective state support for agricultural enterprises has led to an innovative renewal of the production technological base, digitalization of agricultural production, improvement of the personnel training system, and, ultimately, increasing the efficiency of the agricultural sector of the economy and ensuring the competitive advantages of agricultural formations.
In accordance with the "State Program for the Development of Agriculture and regulation of agricultural products, raw materials and food markets" in the Russian Federation, the task is to increase the volume of crop production in 2030 by 22.1 percent to the level of 2020 due to the growth of resources (doses of fertilizers and investments in fixed assets). The purpose of the work is to study the state and develop proposals to improve the economic efficiency of resource use in crop production in the Urals. The objectives of the study were: analysis of data from reports of agricultural enterprises reflecting the economic efficiency of grain cultivation in the Kurgan, Chelyabinsk and Sverdlovsk regions, and field experiments of the Kurgan Research Institute, development of proposals to improve the economic efficiency of the use of resources in crop production. The methods of monographic, mathematical, and statistical analyses were used. It is established that the increase in costs per hectare of sowing spring wheat, mainly due to the share of fertilizers, plant protection products, depreciation and others, in agricultural enterprises leads to a decrease in economic efficiency. This is due to both the increased aridity of the climate in recent years, and the generally poor quality of production management and its narrow specialization in the cultivation of spring grain crops. Intra-industry reserves for increasing the efficiency of resource use in crop production consist in the adaptability of their differentiated application, taking into account landscape and agrochemical parameters of fields and micro particles, improving the quality of crop management based on digital technologies for designing and controlling farming systems, diversifying the structure of acreage due to the partial replacement of grain crops with legumes and oilseeds, the development of animal husbandry and feed production.
The challenge of efficient use and assessment of economic capacity is the most essential for the enterprises of the dairy and food subcomplex of the agro-industrial complex in the current conditions of adaptation to the ongoing changes in the economy. The assessment of the economic potential of enterprises makes it possible to determine the productivity and efficiency of the resources involved, to identify available reserves and weak points in the functioning of enterprises internally and externally. The article analyzes the modern methodological tools for assessing the economic capacity of enterprises of the dairy subcomplex of the agroindustrial complex and reveals the multidimensional approaches to their application. The author explains in details and proposes the decomposition of external and internal economic potential of enterprises into subpotentials in order to determine the degree of conjugation of the internal activities with external ones, both in the resource market and in the market of finished goods. In the light of that, the article proposes an improved methodological toolkit for a gradual assessment of the economic potential of enterprises of the dairy subcomplex of the agroindustrial complex, which allows determining the efficiency of the creation, transformation and realization of the economic potential of enterprises and making decisions on increasing potential in general and subpotentials in particular.
The article describes a methodological approach to the study of the offer of rural tourism services. The relevance of the study is justified by the growing demand for rural tourism services in Russia associated with epidemiological, political, economic, and social conditions. It should be noted that in rural areas there are a sufficient number of infrastructure, culture, nature objects that are used extremely rarely, or remain unused on the ground. The proposed methodology has been tested on the materials of the Irkutsk region, since the region has great potential for the development of rural tourism and there is a problem of reducing the anthropogenic load on the Baikal territory. In addition, there is an Agrotourism grant in the region, under which a potential provider of rural tourism services can arrange an autonomous water supply system, connect tourist accommodation facilities under construction to water and electricity networks, purchase furniture and equipment. During the study of the offer of rural tourism services, a survey was conducted of the owners of various rural tourism facilities in the region, 70% of whom would like to engage in rural tourism, and 30% are already engaged. At the same time, the main type of rural tourism is educational with elements of agricultural (37%). At the same time, there are a number of negative aspects that can alienate tourists, for example, the lack of a well-equipped toilet and bath or the lack of mobile communication. Among the main factors hindering the development of rural tourism, respondents identified: insufficient understanding by people of the peculiarities, uniqueness and attractiveness of their "Small Homeland"; lack of bright successful and replicated examples; lack of a comprehensive system program of financial support for projects; weak interaction between rural tourism facilities, etc. Despite this, the development of rural tourism certainly has great prospects, both at the regional and federal levels. However, it is necessary to take into account the impact of negative factors (lack of qualified personnel, comfortable housing, marketing activities, etc.) and, if possible, eliminate them.
In the article the need to optimize the system of state support for rural tourism, outlined in the framework of the national strategy implementation for the integrated development of rural areas, as well as regional programs to increase the employment of the rural population and increase the welfare of rural residents is proved. It is shown that the currently functioning mechanism of financial support for investment projects and stimulation of entrepreneurial initiatives in the agrotourism format predetermines the peripheral positioning of the tourist product of agricultural producers in the sanatorium-resort complex of the Krasnodar Region, the fixing of which is provided for in the long term. In order to overcome the identified institutional limitations, a flexible scheme of interdepartmental interaction has been proposed, with a specialized structural subdivision of the regional Ministry of Agriculture and Processing Industry as the central coordinating body. The expediency of transferring part of the powers to provide state support to rural tourism objects of local importance to municipal authorities is argued, which should contribute to the promotion of local brands and the growth of the competitiveness of tourist offers. At the same time, it is planned to improve the efficiency of state and municipal services through the introduction of a simplified procedure for the provision of subsidies and grants by representatives of agribusiness, consultations by employees of specialized services, as well as the adoption of additional measures to support small and medium-sized businesses in the countryside. Activation of managerial impact at the municipal level is provides for increasing the professionalism of employees of local governments in the framework of training seminars of the projected Competence Center in the field of rural tourism. The upgraded system of accounting, classification and systematization of rural tourism objects is recommended, taking into account their territorial location and species diversity. It has been determined that the use of information resources of regional and municipal authorities will enhance the multiplicative effects of rural tourism events on the economy of rural settlements.
One of the priority areas for the development of the Russian economy, in the context of import substitution and maintaining food security of the state, is agriculture. Agricultural production is a complex, risky business that requires the most careful calculation and planning. Achieving the goals of increasing production efficiency and reducing risks in the agro-industrial complex can be facilitated by the use of project management elements, tools that make up the project management complex. Project management is an opportunity not only to use the existing internal resources of the enterprise, but also to actively attract additional investments. The article considers methodological approaches to improving the project management of the export development of the agro-industrial complex of the region, ensuring an increase in the efficiency of the agro-industrial complex of the Saratov region. Project management and the use of new methodological approaches to managing the foreign economic activity of the agro-industrial complex will allow to choose the right direction for the development of the export component of the agro-economic sectors of the region.
The article discusses the food security of one of the North Arctic regions and the impact of agriculture on it. Today, among the main factors that have a negative impact on the economy of agricultural production, both countries as a whole and most regions, many scientists note such as technical and technological backwardness of the industry, lack of investment and qualified personnel. At the same time, there are other negative influencing factors and the article draws attention to them. So it is noted the need to ensure the earliest possible modernization of residential and social infrastructures and the creation of conditions for reducing gaps in the standard of living between the city and rural areas, which should have a positive impact and contribute to the direct development of the North-Arctic regions, such as Yakutia. The purpose of the study was determined by the author to justify the need to reassess the impact on agriculture of individual factors and their direct impact on the socio-economic situation of rural areas. The result of the work is the proposals developed by the author.
The article shows the dynamics of the development of agricultural machinery enterprises and notes their viability despite serious sanctions. In just eight months of last year, Russian manufacturers supplied agriculture with 121 new models of combines, tractors, trailed and other agricultural machinery. Last year, the share of Russian equipment in the domestic market increased to 60%. Many enterprises are conducting large investment projects to develop new types of equipment and deepen its localization. At the same time, the most acute problem faced by industrialists is the difficulties encountered with the supply of components for machinery. For until now, Russian manufacturers have been purchasing these components in the West. The analysis of the cost of production, for example, gearboxes abroad and here shows that without serious measures of state support, the domestic gearbox is almost twice as expensive as the foreign one. The main factors of the low cost of production of the gearbox abroad are also considered here. That is why we need stable support from the state not only for the largest machine-building enterprises, but also for small factories that are in a difficult situation. The article focuses on the development of innovative technologies. At the moment, the production of Russian agricultural machinery already has experience in the introduction of modern electronic systems and telemetry systems. It is necessary to make such modern technologies available to any farmer, and so that this technique can interact with each other and be integrated into a single information network. This is one of the most important technological tasks for the coming years. The article notes specific proposals for the successful development of the agricultural machinery industry.