Against the background disparity of price between means of production and crops production, to maintain a sufficient level of profitability of agricultural enterprises, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of resource use and their reasonable savings, which can be achieved using digital management methods. The purpose of this work is to study the development of digital technologies in crop production and the economic efficiency of their implementation. The research task was to calculate indicators that reflect resource savings in the cultivation of field crops. The methods of monographic, mathematical, and statistical analysis of data from literary sources, annual reports of agricultural enterprises in the Kurgan region, and the results of production activities of the Kurgan research Institute are used. It is confirmed that the most cost-effective and most common method of digitalization in crop production is the use of geoinformation systems. It is estimated that due to its use in parallel driving systems (not counting the reduction of non-target fuel costs when monitoring transport), it is possible to save more than 2 thousand roubles/ha. The introduction of digital innovations in production is considered on the example of our own developments: computer programs for maintaining a book of history fields and automatic calculation of technological maps. The results of the study showed that taking into account the economic parameters for each fields makes it possible to adapt technologies to local conditions. Internal reserves for saving resources were identified based on digital monitoring of fields: scientifically based, differentiated by fields calculation of fertilizer doses, volumes and assortment of pesticides used, cultivation of tolerant varieties, and sowing in optimal terms. It is established that due to the scientifically based design of agricultural technologies, the increase in profitability from the use of resources can reach 25 ‰. The practical value lies in the fact that the annual economic analysis of production, differentiated by fields, will allow you to develop a strategy for designing agricultural technologies in similar years and improve the efficiency of resource use. To expand the implementation of digitalization, further research on its effectiveness in crop production is still required.
The article is devoted to the economy of maize production in the Krasnodar Territory - one of the main regions of its cultivation. The main indicators of economic efficiency of the production of this crop for grain, silage and green feed for the main natural and climatic zones of the region were considerate. Key problems of increase in production efficiency of corn for the purpose of restoration and development of domestic cattle breeding are investigated that is especially relevant in the conditions of the global economic crisis and consequences of a pandemic of COVID-19. The article contains an analysis of the structure of the cost of maize production. The greatest influence on its value of both grain and green mass is the level of crop yield and the labour intensity of one centner of the produced products. In order to identify unused reserves in improving the efficiency of maize production, the method of grouping was used. At the same time, when setting the goal and objectives of the study, the abstract-logical method was used, as well as comparative analysis - when comparing the indicators of crop production in agricultural organizations of various zones of the region. Studies have found that in order to increase the efficiency of grain production and green corn mass in the Krasnodar Territory, the main importance is: the optimal concentration of its crops, the size of production costs, their share in fertilizers, growth in yield levels and the optimal composition of the farm fleet. This integrated approach will better meet the internal needs of the Russian Federation in this economically viable culture. It was noted that the results obtained can be widely used in the practice of corn-growing regions of the country.
The article reveals the development of horticulture in the Republic of Dagestan, as one of the leading horticultural regions of the country. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state and industry and predict the main trends for the future. Despite the leadership positions observed in recent years in the all-Russian volume of production, deep technical and technological backwardness and loss of qualified personnel remained. This is an important factor in the low efficiency of an industry of high socio-economic importance. The aim of the work is to analyse the current situation and to identify projected trends in the development of horticulture in the region in order to make concrete economic decisions that can increase its economic efficiency and sustainability. In the article, an analysis of the main indicators of horticulture development (sown areas, yield, gross collection, volume of empire, level of supply of fruit products) was carried out for 2000-2019. It was concluded that there were insufficient trends in progressive movement with regard to the supply of fruit products for the full food supply of the population. Medium-term projections of changes in key development indicators and forecast scenarios until 2025 have been developed. A forecast model for the development of the industry has been drawn up, with an indication of the main directions for the technical and technological updating of production. It has been established that the development of horticulture according to the target scenario will increase by 1.3 times the fruit-bearing area, and the volume of fruit production - by 2 times. It is predicted that the archaic agrarian structure in the region, with the dominant role of personal auxiliary farms of the population, will remain in the production of fruit products. There is a need for mandatory State support for small forms of economic management in the formation of an efficient agrarian structure, the introduction of innovations and the attraction of investments. This will contribute to the growth not only of quantitative, but also of qualitative indicators of the industry. The results and conclusions of the study could be used to improve regional programmes for the development of horticulture in Dagestan and to identify effective ways of development.
The article analyzes the influence of the main factors on the development of the flour industry in the Novosibirsk region. The indicator of development in this case is the volume of flour production. The following indicators were selected as factors: the number of elevators and grain receiving enterprises, consumption and production of bread and bakery products, the purchase price of grain for the production of flour products, the capacity of one-time storage of grain. Correlation and regression analysis has shown that the least influence on the volume of flour production is the number of elevators and grain receiving enterprises, as well as the indicator of the capacity of simultaneous storage of grain. The greatest influence on the volume of flour production has production of bread and bakery products and the purchase price of grain to produce flour. Agricultural producers, at high prices for grain, it is more profitable to sell it on the domestic regional market, rather than export it to its borders. If the price of grain decreases, the agricultural producers sell it on foreign markets, where the price of Russian grain is consistently high.
The presented research assesses the opportunities and prospects for increasing Russian agricultural exports to China. Over the past few years, trade cooperation between Russia and China has significantly intensified, especially in the field of agricultural products. According to the Russian Trade representative office in China, exports of agricultural products and food products in the first quarter of 2020 reached a value of 1071.1 million dollars and became the second largest after exports of mineral fuel, oil and petroleum products. Due to its high population, China is a promising market for Russian agricultural products and food products. At the same time, there are a number of institutional barriers, as well as independent factors, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, that can have a significant impact on this process. The study assesses the demand for agricultural products using econometric analysis. The analysis shows that in 2020, it is possible to expect a decrease in the volume of exports of processed food and agricultural products from Russia to China, which is probably the result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the previous positive dynamics demonstrates the possibility to increase the volume of exported Russian products in the future. To do this, government agencies must implement a policy to optimize logistics interaction and provide the necessary funds. A significant limitation is the lack of awareness of Russian agricultural producers about the procedures for exporting products to China. The solution to this problem is possible through the use of resources of the Russian Trade representative office in China. Ultimately, it is necessary to consider the possibility of creating a specialized Russian retail network in China.
In the context of import substitution, the role of agriculture was identified as a systemically important industry in ensuring economic security and reducing agricultural dependence on imports. A significant amount of investment in the industry brings to a higher level not only agricultural production, but also subsidiary industries, which had previously been unprofitable and underdeveloped. The role of subsidiary industries in the activities of agricultural organizations is undeniable, since lost crafts are being recreated, employment in the countryside remains, the economic potential of agricultural organizations is increasing, and their production is without waste. The purpose of the study is to diagnose the development of subsidiary fisheries in agricultural organizations of the Russian region and determine further prospects and forecasts of their development. The development of subsidiary industries and crafts is necessary both for the development of rural areas and for increasing the level of interaction between authorities and producers.
The article discusses the problems of strategic management of the agricultural sector of Russia. In this regard, the approaches of the scientific community to characterizing the essence of the category "strategic management" as long-term action programs are presented. It has been shown that in the development of the agricultural economy, it has different directions of impact, due to a change in the economic basis and the differentiation of the productive (rental) opportunities of agricultural production of regions, which have been aggravated by despecialization and disintegration in market conditions. This situation is derived from non-adaptive agrarian macroeconomic policies, which, without taking into account the peculiarities of agrarian reproduction, have allowed intersectoral economic relations into free market navigation. In other words, the imperfection of the market, the fetishization of private, especially land ownership with the purchase and sale and the birthmarks of feudalism, alienating it from land use are results as well as the absolutization of the importance of large forms of agrarian production. In the latter, together with the processing and resource-providing industry, that is, in all three subsystems of the agro-industrial complex, foreign capital plays a large role, which carries social, economic, environmental and epidemic risks when systemically important enterprises are eliminated on the ground. The article substantiates the need for the scientific community and the macroeconomic leadership to develop a new scientifically based paradigm for strategic management of agricultural production, which comes from the modern development of productive forces, which are close to the framework of agrarian and unregulated market relations. In this regard, the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia recommends the transition to a model of integrated innovation management based on a problem-functional approach.
The article presents the main provisions of the analytical study of target indicators and indicators of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture for 2017-2025 (FSTP). FSTP is aimed at a comprehensive solution to the existing problems of scientific support of the agro-industrial complex, at creating conditions for the formation of competitive scientific and (or) scientific and technical results, as well as for transferring scientific results to production and their subsequent involvement in economic circulation. The system of indicators and indicators of the program should quantitatively characterize the results of the implementation of measures taken, the solution of the main tasks and the achievement of goals. That is, the main task of the indicators and indicators of the program is to assess the effectiveness of the planned activities, as well as to establish benchmarks in the implementation of established goals. However, the analysis showed that the existing system of indicators and indicators of FSTP violates not only logical provisions, but also three regulatory acts that establish the requirements for the development of state programs. The principles of necessity, uniqueness, objectivity, and reliability have been violated. The FSTP target indicators, which should set guidelines for achieving the main goals of the implemented strategy, characterize the state and effectiveness of the implementation of the state program, are not at all connected with its final results. The proportion of indicators of the FSTP subprograms that do not reflect the objectives of the program, such as “The number of personnel engaged in research and development in organizations performing work on selection and seed production of potatoes / sugar beets (full-time)” or “Number of research and educational organizations participating in the implementation of the subprogram ”significantly exceeds the number of indicators that truly reflect the solution to the country's food security problems. The system of indicators and indicators requires modernization to objectively and unambiguously reflect the progress of the program.
As a result of the lack of modern storage facilities, the majority of owners of small forms of management continue to have private urban fruit and vegetable bases, intermediaries, resellers, speculators and large retail chains at the expense of poor producers increase their incomes by 2-3 times, purchasing their goods for no price, which led to a massive reduction in the planting area of potatoes. The creation of non-waste agro-industrial enterprises of the potato-growing direction and the construction of fast-moving storage facilities in them will quickly remove the potato-growing sub-complex from the crisis. Today in Russia, out of 70 million tons of solid household waste alone, only 8‰ is processed, not to mention millions of tons of organic food waste. The creation of industrial-type agricultural production and trade cooperatives, agro-industrial enterprises and associations will reduce organic waste by using it to feed animals; increase productivity in the field (farm) - consumer system by 2-3 times; Improve customer service; reduce storage space, speed up the preparation of quality dishes with the least labour costs, etc.
In recent years, in the agriculture of our country in general and the Stavropol Territory in particular, production volumes have been declining. The main reason is a reduction in resource potential - the area of farmland, working capital and fixed assets. Due to the lack of investment, agricultural business structures are forced to move to a narrowed reproduction of fixed assets, to increase the burden on the agricultural equipment at their disposal. For the most part, low-level, and often unprofitable, results of agro-industrial organizations had become factors of their unattractiveness for investors, while their own sources of financing for making investments to transition to an innovative development path were insufficient. In the current situation, the agricultural sector needs to use more widely methods and tools of econometric fashion and forecasting of investment activity, which reveal reserves for increasing investment in the industry, and contribute to improving the effectiveness of agricultural entrepreneurial structures. The relevance of the topic is also confirmed by the need to study the main directions of agricultural development in the region in order to develop timely recommendations for adjusting the investment activity of organizations of the Stavropol Territory taking into account alternative situational scenarios.