The relevance of the research is related to the need to develop economic measures to ensure the conservation and rational use of agricultural land near cities. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the directions for optimizing land use near cities for economic development and improving living conditions of the population. The processes of economic use of land resources in urbanized territories are analyzed, their high demand in housing construction, agricultural enterprises, recreational facilities (sports and recreation, fishing and hunting bases, etc.) is noted. Interest in these lands is shown due to the possibility of obtaining a high rental income (rent by location) from their use. Agricultural enterprises, as the least competitive among other categories of users, need state assistance to preserve and strengthen their resource potential, especially land. It is proposed to expand and Supplement the directions and types of economic support for agricultural enterprises in order to ensure sustainable development of land use, including assistance in the acquisition of land, the development of new highly productive technologies in agriculture and animal husbandry, the development of the interregional labour market, etc. These measures are aimed at preventing the irretrievable disposal of land from agriculture, which is the main life-supporting activity, to ensure the preservation of fertile land near cities through environmental protection measures, and to improve the environmental conditions of the population.
The article is devoted to a set of priority measures for accelerated production of sugar beet hybrids in the Russian Federation. The dynamics of sugar beet production for the period 2000-2019 is studied and the organizational model of selection and seed production of agricultural crops in the country is described. The scheme of seed production of hybrids on a sterile basis is shown, which shows the path of a sugar beet hybrid from a scientific institution to the production of seeds for growing factory root crops. A set of measures for the development of sugar beet breeding and seed production in the country is proposed, which include the following: improvement of existing legislation, creation of special breeding and seed centres, strengthening of financial support for breeding and seed production by the state, focusing on targeted support, formation of innovative infrastructure in the sub-sector, improvement and development of the system of training and retraining of breeders and agronomists in the country.
The article focuses on the growth of technological development of dairy processing enterprises on the basis of improving the efficiency of the project financing system, managing innovative- investment activities through the mechanism of interaction of particularly significant provisions, concepts, models, algorithms of scientific disciplines and organizational and economic tools of the system of project financing management in the competitive environment of the market economy. The system of project financing and management of innovation and investment activities in a market economy is of strategic importance and is aimed at increasing the competitive advantages of agro-industrial enterprises, including dairy processing companies. The article states that improving the system of project financing management of innovation and investment activities in the context of increasing competitive advantages of dairy processing companies can The article states that improving the system of project financing management of innovation and investment activities in the context of increasing competitive advantages of dairy processing companies can be effectively carried out according to a mechanism made up of five organizational and economic blocks: system-analytical, design-structural, innovation-forecasting, pilot-functional and targeted. Levels of transformation and formation of effective system of project financing of management of innovation and investment activity of processing enterprises of dairy industry are proposed. Further improvement and development of the project finance and innovation management system is necessary.
The results of research on agro-energy assessment of the efficiency of cultivation of annual forage crops for haylage are presented. Experimental work on the cultivation of forage crops was carried out in 2013-2014 at the research and production hospital of the laboratory of feed production of YANISKH. The experimental site is located on the second above-floodplain terrace of the Lena river valley. The soil of the experimental site is permafrost meadow-Chernozem loam; the reaction of the medium is slightly alkaline (salt pH 7.4); humus content-2.63‰; total nitrogen-2.8‰; mobile phosphorus (P2O5)-18.2 mg/100 g for Egner – rim; exchange potassium (K2O) - 29.3 mg/100 g of soil for oil; granulometric composition-light loam. The objects of research were the following varieties of annual crops-Pokrovsky oats, Capital peas, spring vetch Priobskaya 25, Tammy barley. The repeatability in the experiment is 4-fold, and the placement of plots is randomized. The area of plots is 72 m2, the account area is 50 m2. The research was carried out using generally accepted methods of field experiments. Analysis of the agro-energy assessment of cultivation of annual crops for the production of haylage showed that for all three terms of sowing, the most effective mixtures are peas + oats and peas + oats + barley. A high energy coefficient for all three terms of sowing is provided by a mixture of peas + oats (from 3.76 to 4.30) and peas + oats + barley (from 3.80 to 4.28). It was found that the most effective agro-energy assessment for haylage is pea mixtures (0.8 million PCs / ha) + oats (2.5 million PCs / ha) and peas (0.8 million PCs / ha) + oats (1.3 million PCs / ha) + barley (1.2 million PCs/ha) of the third sowing period. It is also effective to cultivate a mixture of vetch (1.2 million PCs / ha) + oats (2.5 million PCs / ha) and oats in pure form (4 million PCs/ha) of the third sowing period.
The growth of the Russian agriculture and food industry after 2014 poses questions about the sustainability of this growth. In order to evaluate this sustainability it is necessary to evaluate the efficiency of companies of these industries. The most popular index that is now used for evaluation of business efficiency is the company value. We will use the method of discounted cash flows for calculation of this index. The object of valuation is PLC “Rusagro Group”. This choice is based on the fact that it is a big vertically integrated company and one of the leaders of the national food industry. In addition, it is a publicly traded company, which means that the market capitalization of this company can be used as a benchmark. Our results demonstrated that the market capitalization of PLC “Rusagro Group” exceeds the company value calculated on the basis of discounted cash flows. It corresponds to the results obtained by other researchers for other leading Russian food industry companies. It allows us to formulate a hypothesis that there is a stable trend for overestimation of market value of leading Russian food industry companies. It can be an indicator that the investors evaluate the prospects of this industry as favourable which can be seen as a confirmation of the sustainability of its growth.
The article is devoted to the study of rural development problems of the mining region. It has been found that the intensive development of the mining industry is accompanied by negative economic, social and environmental consequences related to the impact on social and economic development and, as a result, the quality of life of the rural population. Intensive development of the coal industry is accompanied by pollution of atmospheric air, rejection of land with high fertile potential, degradation of natural resources of renewable orientation. The introduction of highly toxic and carcinogenic substances of more than 200 species into the air affects the health of the rural population, as mining enterprises are geographically located in rural areas, which has led to a decline in agricultural production and industrial production has become dominant. There is a steady decline in the rural population due to declining fertility and higher mortality rates, which are higher in rural areas than in medium-sized areas. The majority of rural residents cannot benefit from mortgage lending because of their low financial situation. Improvement of housing in rural areas is 2-3 times lower than urban housing. The low efficiency of using factors of production does not allow reaching the level of profitability of agricultural production allowing carrying out extended reproduction. The mechanism is proposed for project management of the rural economy with balanced interaction between federal, regional and local authorities based on organizational, economic and financial measures.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of state support for the agricultural sector of the Republic of Armenia, the study of the existing problems hindering the development of the sector financing, ensuring the food security of the country, the development of peasant farms and the socio-economic condition of rural communities. The development of the sector requires the continuation and expansion of state support programs, which include increased levels of financing, lower lending rates and the introduction of new financial instruments. The main purpose of the article is to present the current state of state support for the agricultural sector of the Republic of Armenia, international experience and priorities of the state support programs implemented, as well as the possibility of introducing new mechanisms for financing state agricultural programs in the Republic of Armenia that contribute to the development of peasant farms and the socio-economic condition of communities, which will allow to produce high quality including ecologically clean agricultural products, competitiveness and availability of which will contribute to the improvement of the food security of the country.
The article considered the problems of ensuring industrial security and developing the export potential of the domestic agro-industrial complex taking into account the implementation of the national goals and objectives of the development of the Russian Federation and the mechanisms for their achievement, laid down in the sectoral documents of strategic planning. The Food Security Doctrine, adopted in 2010, played a positive role in the development of the domestic agro-industrial complex. However, the changes that have taken place over the years have required additions and changes. The article notes the main innovations of the new version of the Food Security Doctrine. First of all, the main goals and the new tasks resulting from them have been clarified. In particular, one of the objectives is the need to ensure sound food consumption standards, to promote healthy lifestyles, including healthy nutrition; Realization of export potential taking into account saturation of the domestic market of the country; Improvement of rural social and engineering infrastructure; Development of production, material and technical resources, etc. The list of products for which food independence thresholds are calculated was supplemented by vegetables and melons, fruits and berries, as well as seeds of the main crops of domestic selection. Special attention is paid to the new challenges for the country of the epidemic of coronavirus infection, which has a huge impact on the way of life of people, which in turn has a complex consequence for the national economy. Information on the dynamics of foreign trade in agricultural products and food and its competitiveness was analysed. Measures of State support for the development of the agro-industrial complex were considered, their impact on the achievement of the strategic goals of the country’s development were assessed. Directions of improvement of agar policy taking into account balance of interests of consumers and producers of agricultural products and food are proposed.
At present, one of the most promising forms for development of the regional product sub complexes is integration in the form of cluster structures. The article considers the mechanism for forming the regional product cluster by the example of the soy sub complex in the Amur region. The goal of research is to develop conceptual provisions of the mechanism for the soy cluster formation in the region. The logical sequence of the main stages for the formation of regional product cluster is presented. The prerequisites that determine the prospects for the development of the soy sub complex of the Amur region and the problems that hinder its development are identified. A cluster model that promotes the growth of its own efficiency and the development efficiency of the region is proposed, and the organizational structure for cluster management in the form of non-profit partnership is initiated. The effects that will be obtained by the main participants of the soy cluster are determined, provided that the favourable economic environment is created by the public authorities.
The state of the world community, associated with the crisis in the energy and health sectors, forces countries to resort to self-isolation. The world turned upside down. Instead of globalization and cooperation between countries is their isolation from each other and this is the fault of an external factor. Forced self-isolation of countries leads to the fact that first of all it is necessary to take care of food self-sufficiency and accumulation of its reserves and resources. It should be noted that over the past two or three years, agricultural production in our country, relative to other sectors, has achieved high rates of development, the industry has been able to increase production volumes for certain types of products, surpass the indicators laid down in the Doctrine of food security, displace a lot of imported products from the food market, replace them with domestic ones. It would seem that the country has become on the rails of full self-sufficiency of the population with the main types of food of its own production. However, we must admit that it has not yet been able to get away from import dependence. Whether we like it or not, we must admit that high results were achieved with the participation of imported seeds and plant protection products, breeding stock, imported tractors and combines. The current situation in the world makes it necessary to pay close attention to the issues of breeding, breeding livestock and the development of agricultural machinery production. These questions are important and extensive and affect many of the problems associated with import substitution. The object of research is the North Caucasus Federal district. The relevance of the study of the state of import substitution in a single district is explained by the fact that the district makes a significant contribution to the food supply for the population, is an important element in guaranteeing food security for both the district and the country.