Scientific literature thoroughly debates the foresights and risks of the federal project “Export of production of agro-industrial complex”. However, the failures of its planning have not been studied. The paper shows that, as a consequence of such failures, some federal subjects of Russia have made such commitments that are either cannot be fulfilled or may yield severe difficulties. This is proved by the outcome of computer simulation on the model of equilibria in the regional markets of agricultural production. The simulated scenario reflects the regional commitments on the federal project made for year 2019. It is found that six oblasts adjacent to the state border, namely Amur, Astrakhan, Bryansk, Kaliningrad, Rostov and Smolensk, are unable to fulfil their obligations under the scenario terms. The case of the Astrakhan oblast has shown that the oblast made its commitment on grain assuming that the transit of exported grain from other regions is to be accounted for. As a consequence, its year 2019 commitment exceeds the existing grain production almost 24 times, while its planned production growth for the period 2014 to 2019 is just 49‰. Thus, the commitment of the Astrakhan oblast needs to be revised. Based on the performed analysis, it is proposed to reform the planning system for the federal project so as to supplement it with obligatory resource usage calculations for each federal subject taking into account its commitment. This can be provided by means of the mathematical economic model that has been applied for this study. Moreover, it is suggested to publish rationale for the federal subjects' commitments for the purpose of timely revealing inaccuracies by the expert community.
The assessment of the change in the structure of the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and the regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials, and food after its prolongation is given. The factors affecting the substantiation of the directions of strategic development of agro-food complexes at the regional level are substantiated. Critical analysis of the Strategy of socio-economic development of the Krasnodar Territory until 2030 in terms of the development of the agro-food complex is provided. It is noted that the scale of the tasks facing the agro-food complex of the region requires its structural modernization, certain diversification of both the agrarian sector and the processing industry, increasing the efficiency of interaction between producers and processors of agricultural products, improving the system of integration relations, increasing the rate of technical and technological modernization of all links of the agro-food complex, optimization of technological chains, minimization of transaction costs and, ultimately, the formation of sustainable competitive advantages, allowing regional producers in the long term to successfully compete both in the Russian and foreign markets. The "gaps" of the Action Plan for the implementation of the Strategy are revealed when describing the indicators of the development of agriculture and the processing industry, which violate the principle of systematic consideration of the problems of the functioning of the agro-food complex as a complicated territorial-sectoral system. As a priority measure for the implementation of the Development Strategy of the Krasnodar Territory, it is proposed to develop the Strategy for the development of the agro-food complex of the region. It is concluded that the problem of effective development of the agro-food complex can be successfully solved only if a rational system of inter-sectoral and inter-subjective relations is formed and the possibility of balancing the multidirectional economic interests of entities forced to integrate to ensure their own reproduction.
The article is devoted to the problems of scientific and technical development of the agro-industrial complex and the introduction of the latest technical, technological and other achievements of science and practice in various branches and spheres of activity of agro-industrial production. Proceeding from the fact that a significant part of commodity producers do not have enough financial resources to modernize production, acquire advanced equipment and technologies, introduce other types of innovative products; it is proposed to draw the attention of scientists and specialists of the agro-industrial complex, government agencies and other interested parties to the possibility of using new approaches for these purposes to the relationship of participants in agro-industrial clusters. In particular, it is proposed to carry out mutual settlements between them when introducing innovations, taking into account the effect actually received by commodity producers from innovations. This approach will allow, on the one hand, the developer to implement an innovative product, showing maximum interest in its effective implementation; on the other hand, it will provide even unprofitable and low-profit producers with the possibility of scientific and technological development of production. This will also allow starting to improve communications between participants in agro-industrial clusters through the introduction of information technology. The development of the digital economy with a unified approach to software, standardization of forms and methods for collecting, storing and processing information resources at all levels of government, with appropriate government support, will contribute to the digitalization of the agro-industrial complex and will create a unified automated information system for the country.
The beginning of the XXI century is marked by the purposeful political leadership of the Russian Federation on the development of rural territories, improving the level and quality of life of the rural population. So, in 2002, the federal target program "Social development of the village until 2010" was adopted and then extended until 2013. Its logical continuation was the Concept of Sustainable Development of Rural Territories of the Russian Federation for the Period until 2020, approved by Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated November 30, 2010 No. 2136-r. According to the results of the implementation of the Concept, the Government of the Russian Federation in 2015 approved the "Strategy for the sustainable development of rural territories of the Russian Federation for the period until 2030 (hereinafter - the Strategy). The positive results of the socio-economic development of rural areas and agro-industrial complex were well known. It is also undeniable that they were achieved largely thanks to the activities carried out in the above-mentioned documents. At the same time, another thing is obvious: the number of poor villagers is slowly declining; There is still a significant gap in the disposable income and social and cultural facilities of residents of the city and the village; health services for the rural population remain very problematic; Food security doctrine thresholds have not been met for all agricultural products; increased interregional differentiation in production levels and economic efficiency; Methodological support for the implementation of the Strategy, including a system of sustainable rural development targets, remains debatable. In this regard, the authors tried: to reveal the essence of the concept of "sustainable development of rural areas"; To propose a system of indicators for the sustainable development of rural areas that adequately disclose the content of this concept and apply to territorial entities of any region; Consider the need for and possibility of modelling an integral indicator of sustainable rural development that clearly reflects this process in time and space.
The purpose of the study is to assess the development of short food supply chains and identify their advantages for the functioning of rural areas. It is established that the predominant development of long food supply chains in the country based on large-scale vertically integrated production is inherited from the previous socialist system. In market conditions, the development of long food supply chains in the country based on vertically integrated production, with the placement of their main financial centers in large cities and regional centers, leads to increased monopolization of the food market, reducing the tax base in rural areas. Over concentration of capital and livestock in a limited space by agricultural holdings in large complexes in rural areas leads to environmental degradation, significant losses in biodiversity, and increased pressure on ecosystems. High-intensity agriculture, through the use of economies of scale and modern technologies, has accelerated the displacement of labour resources from the production sector, increasing unemployment in rural areas. In these conditions, a certain stabilizing social role in rural areas is played by small forms of management: personal subsidiary farms (LPH), individual farms (IF) population, K(f)X, small independent agricultural organizations. In this regard, an important task is to identify the problems of their development, determine the conditions under which they can become competitive producers in the local market of the food chain. In Russia, the following three types of food supply chains have been identified: long, short, and ultra short. The scientific novelty lies in the theoretical justification of the basic principles and indicators of sustainable food supply chains. A form of short supply chain capital generation (SCP) has been identified, which contributes to improving their competitiveness and sustainability of relatively long supply chains. Based on the analysis of the St. Petersburg food market, the main problems of the weak development of the SCP in the region are investigated.
This article is addressed to the features and the main directions for development of Russian agri-food exports to BRICS member states, which continue to be important trading partners of Russia. Based on international trade statistics, trends and structural changes in Russia's agri-food trade with BRICS partners and the rest of the world have been identified. A comparative analysis of these trends and structural shifts for the main groups of agri-food products was carried out in accordance with the Federal Project “Export of agro-industrial products”. Peculiarities of trade with individual BRICS countries are considered. In order to characterize the current conditions for Russia to realize its export potential in the BRICS markets, an assessment of the dynamics of complementarity of agri-food trade was carried out. Significant differences were determined for compliances of import trade profiles of BRICS partners with the export profile of the Russian Federation, as well as a low level of diversification of Russian supplies to the markets of Brazil, India and South Africa. Products with comparative advantages were identified, and the volumes of supply of these products to the BRICS markets in 2010-2019 were analyzed. It was revealed that a number of Russian products with a high level of comparative advantages are not exported to the BRICS countries. Particularly, such products are processed tobacco, pulp, molasses, barley, rye, wheat gluten. In addition, prospects for the export of products with unrealized comparative advantages are outlined. Potential supply values and the levels of Russia's export potential realization in the BRICS markets were estimated for the different categories of product groups. Based on these results it was concluded that Russia's realization of the existing export potential would allow it to acquire the status of a net exporter for trade with the BRICS countries as a whole. At the same time, agri-food imports from Brazil, India and South Africa will still prevail over Russian exports to these countries.
In the modern world, the fight against hunger, associated with the explosive growth of the world's population, leads to an acceleration of structural transformation processes in both agriculture and the food industry. The expansion of intensive agriculture, the spread of synthesized food products, and the development of genetic engineering allow us to increase food production, creating the prerequisites for an ever-increasing increase in the human population. As a result of uneven allocation of resources for agricultural production, net food-exporting countries face the potential threat of declining food quality due to excessive agricultural intensification associated with increased supplies to the world food market. Proclaiming the most important priority of national interests to provide the population with high-quality food, the state should develop and implement mechanisms of economic interaction in the food sphere of the national economy that guarantee the unconditional food security of the country. The institutional core of agricultural policy in Russia was the Doctrine of food security of the Russian Federation, which clearly outlined the development prospects for agricultural production according to the criterion of product safety. The use of synthesized foods does not comply with the provisions of the Doctrine, but there are no clear restrictions that prevent further intensification of agriculture, nor are the priorities of organic agriculture stated. In the development of the food security Doctrine, when developing an action plan for its implementation, it is advisable to establish quantitative parameters of structural proportions in national agriculture, taking as the basic parameter of structural transformations the share of land used for organic food production in the total volume of agricultural land. In this case, all investment expenses related to achieving the set share of certified land for organic production are structural investments and include financing of land certification, per-hectare support for producers, as well as subsidizing consumers of organic food.
The development of human capital in agriculture is one of the leading factors in the productivity and competitiveness of the industry. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of various socio-economic processes in the agricultural sector of Russia on the formation of human capital and to further provide the industry with labour resources of various qualifications in conditions of innovative development of the industry. To achieve the goal, the study used methods such as statistical, analysis and synthesis, design monographic and software-target. This study analyses the impact of socio-economic conditions on the formation and development of human capital in the agricultural sector of Russia, also analyzes the parameters that form the personnel support of the industry. The analysis concludes that the necessary measures are needed to improve the labour supply of agriculture. Increasing the attractiveness of the agricultural sector was based on increasing its profitability, creating favourable housing and other social conditions in rural areas. The implementation of these measures requires a significant increase in state support for the development of rural areas, aimed at improving their social and cultural component. In addition, it is necessary to develop and strengthen the system of material incentives for agricultural workers by increasing the level of wages, organizing opportunities for improving skills and obtaining additional education by agricultural workers.
In today's complex socio-economic conditions, it is necessary to highlight the most important aspects in the choice of rational directions of placement and specialization of agricultural production, to assess the economic efficiency of development in specific Siberian economic conditions. Improving the specialization and location of agro-industrial production is a necessary condition for the effective functioning of the agro-industrial complex, especially for Siberia with its vast territory and diverse natural resource potential. At the same time, each region of Siberia has formed and is forming its own specialization, which is formed taking into account their natural and economic zones in order to increase economic development, expand production and its efficiency. At the same time, levers and methods for determining the main directions for improving the location and specialization of agro-industrial production in Siberia remain poorly researched, which will allow identifying existing territorial problems and developing measures to eliminate them while taking into account the zonal natural and economic conditions of the territory of the Siberian region in combination with the territorial division of labour.
The effectiveness of technological re-equipment of the industry in Russia is directly related to a stable investment process and state support. The purpose of the research is to develop theoretical foundations, methodological and practical recommendations for increasing the effectiveness of investment activities of agricultural enterprises. The problems associated with investing in this industry are noted. Most regions are characterized by unfavourable natural and climatic conditions of agriculture, the existing structure of production and its territorial location, and the lack of opportunities for intensive development. Trends in the dynamics of changes in the volume of long-term investments in agriculture are identified. The Federal district under consideration is characterized by a stable level of investment in the industry at the level of 9-11‰, which indicates a low investment attractiveness of manufacturing enterprises and agriculture. In modern conditions of increased risks, there is a decrease to the lower limit, as crisis phenomena increase, production and sales volumes decrease. The tools that contribute to the high efficiency of investment processes in agricultural enterprises are analyzed. In the course of the study, the tools for attracting investment in various sectors of the economy were identified, depending on the goals of regional development. It is necessary to optimize mechanisms for the use and involvement in commercial turnover of agricultural land, improve the procedure for transferring rights to land plots, and control the targeted use of the resource potential of the industry. It is advisable to create a system of investment priorities depending on the indicators of effective use of resources by enterprises in the district.