The current global economic situation caused by the consequences of COVID-19 requires a review of approaches to both global cooperation and industry management in individual countries. The breakdown of cooperative ties, a paradigm shift in the development of the agro-industrial complex, state support measures, and an increased understanding of the role of agriculture in ensuring the country's security and sovereignty open up enormous opportunities for the country's agro-industrial complex. The article discusses the prospects for the innovative development of the agro-industrial complex in a pandemic. Why: trends in the development of the domestic agricultural sector have been identified, which have a correlation with the global trend in the development of agriculture. Both the main trends in the development of the global agricultural sector and the vectors of the further technological development of the Russian agricultural sector are highlighted. To develop concrete steps for the transition of the domestic agro-industrial complex to the AgroTech 4.0 concept, it was proposed to evaluate the innovative potential of the industry. In a pandemic, the domestic agro-industrial complex is forced to develop, taking into account the consequences of the pandemic, for example, a decrease in the number of labour, increasing the importance of automated technologies, the destruction of economic relations and others. The directions of development of the agricultural sector in a pandemic are highlighted: the development of the fundamental foundations of productivity; increasing labour productivity through the introduction of cross-platform solutions and digital technologies in the agricultural sector; diversified priority development of high-margin segments of agricultural products and others, as well as the main trends for the implementation of these areas: modernization of the innovation environment, targeted innovative development, reorganization of the agricultural education and science system, building transparent cooperative ties between business and federal executive bodies with the aim of eliminating manipulations and bureaucratic component of activity. Thus, in a pandemic, in order to overcome the consequences of the crisis, the Russian agro-industrial complex needs a transition to the new management concept AgroTech 4.0.
The experience of developed countries confirmed the high efficiency of managing the company's value. The use of value management models in Russian companies in the agrochemical sector can be a means of increasing their investment attractiveness. PJSC Akron was chosen as the subject of the study. When calculating the company's value using the method of economic value added, the destruction of the value of PJSC Akron was discovered. For shareholders of the company, a similar situation suggests that they suffer losses from investing in the company's shares. The reason for the destruction of value is the high level of debt burden of the company and the low level of its financial stability. The analytical model of agrochemical company value management presented in the article can significantly improve the value creation process. The value management of the agrochemical production company is carried out in three main areas: production efficiency management, management of the company's financial capital structure and management of the company's operational efficiency. The application in practice of the proposed analytical model of agrochemical company cost management will make it possible to assess the effectiveness of solutions, both operational and financial and investment, as well as to contribute to the increase in the value of the agrochemical company as the main strategic benchmark of its efficiency.
The task of increasing the availability of credit resources is one of the most important conditions for the sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex and the economy as a whole. In the context of an economic slowdown and worsening conditions for raising capital in international financial markets, the urgency of developing domestic sources of financing has only increased. The agro-industrial complex remains in high demand for construction and modernization of production and infrastructure facilities. Given the length of the production and financial cycle, agriculture has a higher demand for short-term loans compared to other types of economic activity. At the same time, agriculture is a high-risk industry, characterized by high debt load, sensitivity to the cost of borrowed resources. Partially these problems are mitigated by state support for the industry with the system of concessional lending as a key component. The article provides an integrated approach to enhancing the credit process. In addition to the development of the existing mechanism for the partial interest rate compensation other measures have been proposed to provide the agro-industrial complex and the economy as a whole with the necessary financial resources to ensure economic growth. To this end, additional incentives are justified to expand lending to small businesses. Other measures include reducing credit risks through agricultural insurance with state support in the lending process, further development of the guarantee system, use of specialized refinancing instruments of the Bank of Russia, radical restructuring of the Project Financing Factory mechanism to increase the flow of investment projects, improvement of the system of prudential banking regulation, wider application of incentive banking regulation.
Against the background disparity of price between means of production and crops production, to maintain a sufficient level of profitability of agricultural enterprises, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of resource use and their reasonable savings, which can be achieved using digital management methods. The purpose of this work is to study the development of digital technologies in crop production and the economic efficiency of their implementation. The research task was to calculate indicators that reflect resource savings in the cultivation of field crops. The methods of monographic, mathematical, and statistical analysis of data from literary sources, annual reports of agricultural enterprises in the Kurgan region, and the results of production activities of the Kurgan research Institute are used. It is confirmed that the most cost-effective and most common method of digitalization in crop production is the use of geoinformation systems. It is estimated that due to its use in parallel driving systems (not counting the reduction of non-target fuel costs when monitoring transport), it is possible to save more than 2 thousand roubles/ha. The introduction of digital innovations in production is considered on the example of our own developments: computer programs for maintaining a book of history fields and automatic calculation of technological maps. The results of the study showed that taking into account the economic parameters for each fields makes it possible to adapt technologies to local conditions. Internal reserves for saving resources were identified based on digital monitoring of fields: scientifically based, differentiated by fields calculation of fertilizer doses, volumes and assortment of pesticides used, cultivation of tolerant varieties, and sowing in optimal terms. It is established that due to the scientifically based design of agricultural technologies, the increase in profitability from the use of resources can reach 25 ‰. The practical value lies in the fact that the annual economic analysis of production, differentiated by fields, will allow you to develop a strategy for designing agricultural technologies in similar years and improve the efficiency of resource use. To expand the implementation of digitalization, further research on its effectiveness in crop production is still required.
The article is devoted to the economy of maize production in the Krasnodar Territory - one of the main regions of its cultivation. The main indicators of economic efficiency of the production of this crop for grain, silage and green feed for the main natural and climatic zones of the region were considerate. Key problems of increase in production efficiency of corn for the purpose of restoration and development of domestic cattle breeding are investigated that is especially relevant in the conditions of the global economic crisis and consequences of a pandemic of COVID-19. The article contains an analysis of the structure of the cost of maize production. The greatest influence on its value of both grain and green mass is the level of crop yield and the labour intensity of one centner of the produced products. In order to identify unused reserves in improving the efficiency of maize production, the method of grouping was used. At the same time, when setting the goal and objectives of the study, the abstract-logical method was used, as well as comparative analysis - when comparing the indicators of crop production in agricultural organizations of various zones of the region. Studies have found that in order to increase the efficiency of grain production and green corn mass in the Krasnodar Territory, the main importance is: the optimal concentration of its crops, the size of production costs, their share in fertilizers, growth in yield levels and the optimal composition of the farm fleet. This integrated approach will better meet the internal needs of the Russian Federation in this economically viable culture. It was noted that the results obtained can be widely used in the practice of corn-growing regions of the country.
The article reveals the development of horticulture in the Republic of Dagestan, as one of the leading horticultural regions of the country. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state and industry and predict the main trends for the future. Despite the leadership positions observed in recent years in the all-Russian volume of production, deep technical and technological backwardness and loss of qualified personnel remained. This is an important factor in the low efficiency of an industry of high socio-economic importance. The aim of the work is to analyse the current situation and to identify projected trends in the development of horticulture in the region in order to make concrete economic decisions that can increase its economic efficiency and sustainability. In the article, an analysis of the main indicators of horticulture development (sown areas, yield, gross collection, volume of empire, level of supply of fruit products) was carried out for 2000-2019. It was concluded that there were insufficient trends in progressive movement with regard to the supply of fruit products for the full food supply of the population. Medium-term projections of changes in key development indicators and forecast scenarios until 2025 have been developed. A forecast model for the development of the industry has been drawn up, with an indication of the main directions for the technical and technological updating of production. It has been established that the development of horticulture according to the target scenario will increase by 1.3 times the fruit-bearing area, and the volume of fruit production - by 2 times. It is predicted that the archaic agrarian structure in the region, with the dominant role of personal auxiliary farms of the population, will remain in the production of fruit products. There is a need for mandatory State support for small forms of economic management in the formation of an efficient agrarian structure, the introduction of innovations and the attraction of investments. This will contribute to the growth not only of quantitative, but also of qualitative indicators of the industry. The results and conclusions of the study could be used to improve regional programmes for the development of horticulture in Dagestan and to identify effective ways of development.
The article analyzes the influence of the main factors on the development of the flour industry in the Novosibirsk region. The indicator of development in this case is the volume of flour production. The following indicators were selected as factors: the number of elevators and grain receiving enterprises, consumption and production of bread and bakery products, the purchase price of grain for the production of flour products, the capacity of one-time storage of grain. Correlation and regression analysis has shown that the least influence on the volume of flour production is the number of elevators and grain receiving enterprises, as well as the indicator of the capacity of simultaneous storage of grain. The greatest influence on the volume of flour production has production of bread and bakery products and the purchase price of grain to produce flour. Agricultural producers, at high prices for grain, it is more profitable to sell it on the domestic regional market, rather than export it to its borders. If the price of grain decreases, the agricultural producers sell it on foreign markets, where the price of Russian grain is consistently high.
The presented research assesses the opportunities and prospects for increasing Russian agricultural exports to China. Over the past few years, trade cooperation between Russia and China has significantly intensified, especially in the field of agricultural products. According to the Russian Trade representative office in China, exports of agricultural products and food products in the first quarter of 2020 reached a value of 1071.1 million dollars and became the second largest after exports of mineral fuel, oil and petroleum products. Due to its high population, China is a promising market for Russian agricultural products and food products. At the same time, there are a number of institutional barriers, as well as independent factors, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, that can have a significant impact on this process. The study assesses the demand for agricultural products using econometric analysis. The analysis shows that in 2020, it is possible to expect a decrease in the volume of exports of processed food and agricultural products from Russia to China, which is probably the result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the previous positive dynamics demonstrates the possibility to increase the volume of exported Russian products in the future. To do this, government agencies must implement a policy to optimize logistics interaction and provide the necessary funds. A significant limitation is the lack of awareness of Russian agricultural producers about the procedures for exporting products to China. The solution to this problem is possible through the use of resources of the Russian Trade representative office in China. Ultimately, it is necessary to consider the possibility of creating a specialized Russian retail network in China.
In the context of import substitution, the role of agriculture was identified as a systemically important industry in ensuring economic security and reducing agricultural dependence on imports. A significant amount of investment in the industry brings to a higher level not only agricultural production, but also subsidiary industries, which had previously been unprofitable and underdeveloped. The role of subsidiary industries in the activities of agricultural organizations is undeniable, since lost crafts are being recreated, employment in the countryside remains, the economic potential of agricultural organizations is increasing, and their production is without waste. The purpose of the study is to diagnose the development of subsidiary fisheries in agricultural organizations of the Russian region and determine further prospects and forecasts of their development. The development of subsidiary industries and crafts is necessary both for the development of rural areas and for increasing the level of interaction between authorities and producers.
The article discusses the problems of strategic management of the agricultural sector of Russia. In this regard, the approaches of the scientific community to characterizing the essence of the category "strategic management" as long-term action programs are presented. It has been shown that in the development of the agricultural economy, it has different directions of impact, due to a change in the economic basis and the differentiation of the productive (rental) opportunities of agricultural production of regions, which have been aggravated by despecialization and disintegration in market conditions. This situation is derived from non-adaptive agrarian macroeconomic policies, which, without taking into account the peculiarities of agrarian reproduction, have allowed intersectoral economic relations into free market navigation. In other words, the imperfection of the market, the fetishization of private, especially land ownership with the purchase and sale and the birthmarks of feudalism, alienating it from land use are results as well as the absolutization of the importance of large forms of agrarian production. In the latter, together with the processing and resource-providing industry, that is, in all three subsystems of the agro-industrial complex, foreign capital plays a large role, which carries social, economic, environmental and epidemic risks when systemically important enterprises are eliminated on the ground. The article substantiates the need for the scientific community and the macroeconomic leadership to develop a new scientifically based paradigm for strategic management of agricultural production, which comes from the modern development of productive forces, which are close to the framework of agrarian and unregulated market relations. In this regard, the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia recommends the transition to a model of integrated innovation management based on a problem-functional approach.