This article considers methodological issues and directions of personnel potential development in agrarian entities of the municipal level, related to substantiation of the management object, assessment of its condition, trends and system of functioning of individual elements, as well as selection of methods and tools for personnel management development. An assessment of the current state and functioning of the personnel management system at the state and economic level and promising directions in the field of digital economy implementation at the municipal level is given. Ways and means of implementing personnel potential management in subjects of agricultural business are outlined, which will contribute to strengthening the economy of the agricultural sub-sector and the development of rural areas.
The article is devoted to the problems of reproduction in the agricultural sector and the specifics of its regulation at the present stage. The article considers key aspects of the reproduction process at the macro-, sectoral, and micro- levels. The authors emphasize that the condition for sustainable development of agriculture is expanded reproduction based on ensuring parity of economic relations in the agro-industrial complex, improving the organizational and economic mechanism, activating investment and innovation activities as the main factor of economic growth in order to stimulate import substitution processes and increase exports of agricultural products. The authors note that prices are the main element of the market system, and the proportional and balanced development of the agro-industrial complex depends on the formed prices and price relations between different branches of the agro-industrial complex. The article also focuses on the problems of increasing the competitiveness of agri-food products, which is one of the priorities at the present stage of economic development. The researchers emphasize that the specificity of the agricultural sector is that in agriculture, credit resources are one of the main sources of investment, but despite the increase in state support for this area, there are still a number of problems with their physical and economic accessibility, especially for small businesses. Taxes have a dual character: on the one hand, they perform the fiscal function of collecting taxes, on the other-they should help accelerate the process of stabilizing the agricultural business, stimulate production and demand.
The main approaches to the definition of innovative development are presented. Based on the analysis of conceptual aspects of the innovative development of the agro-industrial complex, its characteristics are established, among which key elements are highlighted - agricultural science, education, agro-industrial production, the market for scientific and technical agrarian products, innovative information structure, investment environment; the concept of "innovative development of agro-industrial complex" is considered as a complex and continuous process of close interaction of its key elements in the direction of creating the introduction and diffusion of agro-industrial innovations, etc. The innovative development functioning environment, including such components as: initiative (stimulating) is considered and disclosed in detail; materializing; resultant. The following approaches to innovative development are highlighted: a cluster approach based on integration; creation of production and research and production systems on the basis of cooperation; creation of industry innovation systems. It proposed as approaches to the innovative development of agro-industrial complex to change: organizational and technological approach; a search approach; a resource approach. Taking into account the study, it was concluded that the innovative development of agro-industrial complex is a complex phenomenon of interaction of its key elements during the creation, development and diffusion of agro-industrial innovations in order to qualitatively transform and build an effective agro-industrial complex, while innovative development should be considered from the perspective of various approaches.
Today we can state that the transformation of state ownership of agricultural land did not end with its free transfer to private property, as planned at the beginning of the land reform, but turned into a new quality, based mainly on the sale or lease of land. For the analyzed period from 2015 to the beginning of 2019, in the entities of the Non-Black Earth Economic Zone of Russia, respectively, more than one and a half thousand and about six thousand transactions were made at auctions for the sale and lease of land as part of agricultural land owned by state and municipal property. The studies revealed a number of advantages of land leasing transactions: a higher amount of income going to the municipal budget compared to the size of the land tax; the possibility of including the public interests of the municipality in the contract. The analysis of the ratio of the prices of land lease and sale transactions established the main range of capitalization coefficient values for land - from 7 to 15‰. However, in a number of federative subjects, the value of the coefficient went above or below the specified limits. The conclusion of a lease agreement on the terms of a reduced capitalization factor today is unprofitable for the tenant, but it is beneficial for the tenant. In such a case, the landlord could reimburse the price of the land for a shorter period of time, but involuntarily encouraged entrepreneurs wishing to expand land allotments to refuse to participate in such an auction. To create equal conditions for the auction participants, a minimum term for concluding land lease agreements as part of agricultural land and under state and municipal ownership for 7 years was proposed at the legislative level.
The article is devoted to the sustainable development of the agricultural sector of the economy of the Russian Federation. It is justified that the transition to a sustainable development strategy is designed to prevent the use of renewable resources at a rate that exceeds their recovery and pollution in volumes that exceed the ability of ecosystems to assimilate them. The importance of public-private partnership (PPP) mechanisms as one of the directions of its effective functioning is shown. The possibilities of PPP are revealed: project financing, operational management experience, tendency to accelerate modernization of agricultural production. It was noted that PPPs have the potential to raise funds from various sources, share costs, risks and benefits among different stakeholders, and reduce uncertainty through formal and informal development institutions. An analysis of PPP mechanisms in the agricultural sector showed that they are at an initial stage of development, which is associated with inadequate legislation and high risks of investment in the agricultural sector. The article considers the main tools of PPP in the modernization of the agricultural sector of the economy based on innovations, proposes a classification of the most significant factors of its sustainable development. The model of interaction between the state and business under various PPP models is justified. The article proposes an algorithm for a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of sustainable development of the agricultural sector of the economy based on PPP mechanisms.
The article considers the problem of the ratio in the level of social development of urban and rural territories in the main areas: employment and unemployment, income and poverty, housing conditions, social, and engineering and road transport infrastructure, demographic processes. A comparative assessment of the social situation in dynamics according to the integral indicator calculated according to the author's methodology is given. The typology of rural territories by the level of economic, socio-ecological development is given, reflecting their deep regional stratification. An assessment of the current organizational and economic mechanisms for the social development of rural territories of Russia was given. The strategic goal of their development is outlined and proposals are formulated for improving the legal and organizational-economic mechanisms for its implementation.
The article considers the current stage of development of agricultural policy in relation to rural areas, the main priorities and features of their implementation in the European Union, the United States and China. State support for rural areas in these countries is aimed at solving a wide range of economic, environmental and social problems. However, each of these countries has its own characteristics of territories. In the EU, agricultural policy in the field of rural development is based on programs developed by EU States and approved by the European Commission for a seven-year period, taking into account established priorities. The programs have a wide range of activities aimed at improving the competitiveness of agriculture and forestry, improving the environment and rural areas; energy and resource conservation, countering climate change, improving the quality of life in rural areas and promoting the diversification of the rural economy. The EU pays special attention to the development of remote regions and regions in unfavourable development conditions. In the United States, government support for rural areas is based on a program-oriented approach. The programs are numerous and diverse, they are implemented under the auspices of the Ministry of agriculture and are aimed at solving various tasks: creating additional jobs, developing businesses, providing technical assistance to existing enterprises, improving medical services, training local residents, providing housing to poor villagers, and improving housing conditions. The programs are implemented with the involvement of private capital on the basis of stimulating investment in rural development. In China, rural development is inextricably linked to policies to combat rural poverty. The main directions of this process are the development of local infrastructure (transport, water and gas supply, development of the Internet), increasing the income of farmers and developing entrepreneurship in rural areas, and social security comparable to urban security.
This article is devoted to methodological issues of assessing the innovative activity of agriculture for different levels of the management hierarchy. For this purpose, the method of expert assessments is used. The most preferable method can be considered to determine innovation activity by the presence of all types of costs (rational or normative) in the cost form for the implementation of innovative processes by an organization over a certain period of time. At the level of agricultural organizations, not all stages of the innovation process are carried out, but only part of them. hence, innovation activity will be associated with the intensity of the following activities: development of innovations in the field of production and service; acquisition of new varieties of plants and animal breeds; carrying out breeding and seed-growing measures; propagation of animal breeds; maintenance of patents and licensing agreements on the use of innovations; cooperation with external organizations for the development, implementation and development of innovations, etc. Within the framework of this study, a methodological approach to a comprehensive assessment of investment and innovation activity and potential has been developed. The approach is hierarchical, since it is an integrated hierarchical assessment of the indicators of all agricultural organizations located in the region. This sequence is used because the organization is the final link in the application of invested funds. At the same time, being characterized by its own investment activity, it is simultaneously in the "investment field" of all objects of the investment market, and takes on all changes in higher-level systems. The indicator of investment and innovation activity is divided by expert analysis into two components: total subsidies received; profitability, taking into account subsidies. Investment and innovation potential includes: resource potential (material, financial, and human resources); financial potential (in this case, liquidity); and human potential (average annual number, salary Fund).
The dynamic development of agricultural production depended largely on the availability, training and professionalism of industry workers. Labour resources in agriculture are one of the main factors of production, the effective use of which ensures food security, the development of sustainable agricultural production, the functioning of food markets, the growth of rural incomes, as well as other key tasks of the economy. The agricultural sector is one of the leading sectors of the economy of the Stavropol Territory. Agriculture forms 15‰ of the gross regional product, accumulates 16‰ of the total investment and provides employment for 17‰ of the region's population. The tasks of reducing the deficit, improving the qualifications of specialists, and the level of education of workers in mass professions are becoming more and more urgent and are among the strategic tasks of all state structures. The solution of these tasks is directly related to the formation and effective implementation of the state personnel policy of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation and should be based on studies of the labour resources of agricultural organizations that take into account both their quantitative and qualitative characteristics. The need for a timely and complete solution of the above problems made the topic of scientific research relevant.
Small forms of farming in rural areas, as an indispensable element of the market economy, make a certain contribution to the overall production of agricultural products, which to some extent helps to save resources, creates the necessary environment for the development of competition, and provides employment for a significant part of the population. Other advantages of small businesses include: the ability to quickly adapt to changing economic conditions, mobility and flexibility in making management decisions, dynamism and purposefulness, perseverance, creativity, willingness to take risks and the ability to manage them. In addition, their activities contribute to solving social problems in rural areas, establishing sustainable development of rural territories, providing employment and supporting the income of the rural population. However, representatives of small businesses in modern conditions face a number of problems associated primarily with the influence of external factors: difficulties with the sale of products, insufficient state financial support, low level of information and consulting and personnel support, which cannot be solved independently. To improve the efficiency of small-scale business in the agro-industrial complex, the article proposes a set of measures and justifies priority areas for solving these problems. The authors also studied the main conditions for the development of small agricultural entrepreneurship in Russia. Considerable attention is paid to tools that contribute to the active development of small businesses in the agro-industrial complex. It is proved that the activation of agribusiness, including small businesses, depends not only on direct support, but also on the creation of favourable conditions, the development of agricultural consulting, insurance support, and a number of others.