The article is devoted to the sustainable development of the agricultural sector of the economy of the Russian Federation. It is justified that the transition to a sustainable development strategy is designed to prevent the use of renewable resources at a rate that exceeds their recovery and pollution in volumes that exceed the ability of ecosystems to assimilate them. The importance of public-private partnership (PPP) mechanisms as one of the directions of its effective functioning is shown. The possibilities of PPP are revealed: project financing, operational management experience, tendency to accelerate modernization of agricultural production. It was noted that PPPs have the potential to raise funds from various sources, share costs, risks and benefits among different stakeholders, and reduce uncertainty through formal and informal development institutions. An analysis of PPP mechanisms in the agricultural sector showed that they are at an initial stage of development, which is associated with inadequate legislation and high risks of investment in the agricultural sector. The article considers the main tools of PPP in the modernization of the agricultural sector of the economy based on innovations, proposes a classification of the most significant factors of its sustainable development. The model of interaction between the state and business under various PPP models is justified. The article proposes an algorithm for a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of sustainable development of the agricultural sector of the economy based on PPP mechanisms.
The article considers the problem of the ratio in the level of social development of urban and rural territories in the main areas: employment and unemployment, income and poverty, housing conditions, social, and engineering and road transport infrastructure, demographic processes. A comparative assessment of the social situation in dynamics according to the integral indicator calculated according to the author's methodology is given. The typology of rural territories by the level of economic, socio-ecological development is given, reflecting their deep regional stratification. An assessment of the current organizational and economic mechanisms for the social development of rural territories of Russia was given. The strategic goal of their development is outlined and proposals are formulated for improving the legal and organizational-economic mechanisms for its implementation.
The article considers the current stage of development of agricultural policy in relation to rural areas, the main priorities and features of their implementation in the European Union, the United States and China. State support for rural areas in these countries is aimed at solving a wide range of economic, environmental and social problems. However, each of these countries has its own characteristics of territories. In the EU, agricultural policy in the field of rural development is based on programs developed by EU States and approved by the European Commission for a seven-year period, taking into account established priorities. The programs have a wide range of activities aimed at improving the competitiveness of agriculture and forestry, improving the environment and rural areas; energy and resource conservation, countering climate change, improving the quality of life in rural areas and promoting the diversification of the rural economy. The EU pays special attention to the development of remote regions and regions in unfavourable development conditions. In the United States, government support for rural areas is based on a program-oriented approach. The programs are numerous and diverse, they are implemented under the auspices of the Ministry of agriculture and are aimed at solving various tasks: creating additional jobs, developing businesses, providing technical assistance to existing enterprises, improving medical services, training local residents, providing housing to poor villagers, and improving housing conditions. The programs are implemented with the involvement of private capital on the basis of stimulating investment in rural development. In China, rural development is inextricably linked to policies to combat rural poverty. The main directions of this process are the development of local infrastructure (transport, water and gas supply, development of the Internet), increasing the income of farmers and developing entrepreneurship in rural areas, and social security comparable to urban security.
This article is devoted to methodological issues of assessing the innovative activity of agriculture for different levels of the management hierarchy. For this purpose, the method of expert assessments is used. The most preferable method can be considered to determine innovation activity by the presence of all types of costs (rational or normative) in the cost form for the implementation of innovative processes by an organization over a certain period of time. At the level of agricultural organizations, not all stages of the innovation process are carried out, but only part of them. hence, innovation activity will be associated with the intensity of the following activities: development of innovations in the field of production and service; acquisition of new varieties of plants and animal breeds; carrying out breeding and seed-growing measures; propagation of animal breeds; maintenance of patents and licensing agreements on the use of innovations; cooperation with external organizations for the development, implementation and development of innovations, etc. Within the framework of this study, a methodological approach to a comprehensive assessment of investment and innovation activity and potential has been developed. The approach is hierarchical, since it is an integrated hierarchical assessment of the indicators of all agricultural organizations located in the region. This sequence is used because the organization is the final link in the application of invested funds. At the same time, being characterized by its own investment activity, it is simultaneously in the "investment field" of all objects of the investment market, and takes on all changes in higher-level systems. The indicator of investment and innovation activity is divided by expert analysis into two components: total subsidies received; profitability, taking into account subsidies. Investment and innovation potential includes: resource potential (material, financial, and human resources); financial potential (in this case, liquidity); and human potential (average annual number, salary Fund).
The dynamic development of agricultural production depended largely on the availability, training and professionalism of industry workers. Labour resources in agriculture are one of the main factors of production, the effective use of which ensures food security, the development of sustainable agricultural production, the functioning of food markets, the growth of rural incomes, as well as other key tasks of the economy. The agricultural sector is one of the leading sectors of the economy of the Stavropol Territory. Agriculture forms 15‰ of the gross regional product, accumulates 16‰ of the total investment and provides employment for 17‰ of the region's population. The tasks of reducing the deficit, improving the qualifications of specialists, and the level of education of workers in mass professions are becoming more and more urgent and are among the strategic tasks of all state structures. The solution of these tasks is directly related to the formation and effective implementation of the state personnel policy of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation and should be based on studies of the labour resources of agricultural organizations that take into account both their quantitative and qualitative characteristics. The need for a timely and complete solution of the above problems made the topic of scientific research relevant.
Small forms of farming in rural areas, as an indispensable element of the market economy, make a certain contribution to the overall production of agricultural products, which to some extent helps to save resources, creates the necessary environment for the development of competition, and provides employment for a significant part of the population. Other advantages of small businesses include: the ability to quickly adapt to changing economic conditions, mobility and flexibility in making management decisions, dynamism and purposefulness, perseverance, creativity, willingness to take risks and the ability to manage them. In addition, their activities contribute to solving social problems in rural areas, establishing sustainable development of rural territories, providing employment and supporting the income of the rural population. However, representatives of small businesses in modern conditions face a number of problems associated primarily with the influence of external factors: difficulties with the sale of products, insufficient state financial support, low level of information and consulting and personnel support, which cannot be solved independently. To improve the efficiency of small-scale business in the agro-industrial complex, the article proposes a set of measures and justifies priority areas for solving these problems. The authors also studied the main conditions for the development of small agricultural entrepreneurship in Russia. Considerable attention is paid to tools that contribute to the active development of small businesses in the agro-industrial complex. It is proved that the activation of agribusiness, including small businesses, depends not only on direct support, but also on the creation of favourable conditions, the development of agricultural consulting, insurance support, and a number of others.
In modern conditions, the state weakens the regulatory role and funding for the development of agriculture, especially agriculture, despite the importance of the industry for the food supply of the population. It is important to develop practical recommendations and implement measures aimed at maintaining the priority of agribusiness development, as well as rational spatial organization of the industry, its development, location, and optimal size. The purpose of the work is to develop the organizational and economic basis for the functioning of a stable agro-industrial production. The article presents an analysis and reveals the positive experience of functioning of integrated associations in the agro-industrial complex. The activity of various organizational forms of production of rational sizes is analyzed. The necessity of substantiating rational forms of production organization and their size in integrated agribusiness associations is revealed. The article substantiates the rational territorial and sectoral division of labour in agro-industrial production. The experience of large agribusiness organizations with a high concentration of livestock creates risks associated with animal deaths, manure disposal, and excessive accumulation of nitrates in the soil. Therefore, it is important to take into account the regional aspect when placing agricultural production, taking into account industry management.
The development of the grain market is due to self-regulation with minimal state participation, which has led to negative consequences, both in the sphere of production and in the mechanism of the market of grain and its processed products. Grain producers in the Siberian Federal district (SFD) are at a disadvantage in the market position. They are limited in controlling the movement of grain and regulating its supply, cannot influence prices, and are not able to respond quickly to changes in the economic situation on the grain market. The purpose of the study is to determine the most significant problems of the grain market and ways to solve them based on the analysis of the state of grain farming in the Siberian Federal district. The main grain-producing regions of the Siberian Federal district, the volume of grain production and sales through sales channels, and the main recipients of Siberian grain in Russia are identified. Marketing research conducted in the grain market of the Siberian Federal district revealed its strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Analysis of the development of the grain market of the Siberian Federal district allowed us to identify the main problems that hinder the development of the grain market in the region. The main directions of development of the grain market of the SFO, which must be exercised based on the market mechanism of self-regulation and state interventions into market processes. The study is based on statistical data provided by the ministries of agriculture of the SFD regions, the Federal customs service, open sources, and research results of specialized divisions of the Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-Bio Technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
A modern strategy for the development of the northern territories should take into account not only the prospects for industrial development, but also provide for the creation of favourable and safe conditions for «habitation». The formation of conditions for a stable and uninterrupted food supply is an important component of ensuring the safety of the population in the Arctic zone. The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of modern provision and self-sufficiency of the population of the Murmansk region with food products based on Rosstat data for the period from 2000 to 2018. In general, the population is sufficiently protected from food problems, but mainly due to imported products. A significant problem in the Murmansk region is the critical drop in regional agricultural production. Only 2.4-8‰ of the population can be fully provided with their own products within 10-28 days. A further drop in agricultural production will lead to a complete loss of the agricultural sector in the Murmansk region. The development of own program for the development of the agricultural sector will serve as a factor in keeping prices down on the regional food market. The data obtained will serve as a rationale and motivation for the implementation of measures to improve the food security situation in the northern region.
This article discusses the current problems of agricultural land use. Based on statistical data, the analysis of the land potential of the Smolensk region was carried out. The calculation of the number and total area of land plots, the cadastral value of which is higher than the average value by 10 and 30‰ for each municipal district in the Smolensk region. Recommendations and proposals on attribution of agricultural lands to particularly valuable lands by cadastral value are given. When assessing the efficiency of land use, the question arises of improving the organizational and legal aspects of managing this type of resource. It is impossible to improve the efficiency of land use without a certain algorithm of actions, norms and rules governing the management of objects (land resources) at the level of the municipality, the region and the country as a whole. The proposed activities on various aspects of land administration in agriculture will contribute to improving the efficiency of land using.