The authors of the article reviewed the stages of the industrial revolution, as well as current programs for the development and support of the agro-industrial complex. The paper examined the potential of the "smart farming" market in Russia, identified the priorities of scientific and technological development, and presented the results of assessing the digital maturity of the agricultural industry. Studies have shown that the agricultural sector has a low digitalization index compared to other industries. The main technologies that are in demand in the agro-industrial complex are: crop monitoring, drone control in the formation of field maps, artificial intelligence, yield forecasting, performance analytics, optimization of logistics processes. The leaders in the introduction of innovative technologies in agricultural production are the Southern and North Caucasian Federal Districts. The main factors contributing to the high level of digitalization in the industry are: favorable natural and climatic conditions, powerful scientific and educational potential, as well as a significant amount of state support. The advanced subjects for the use of precision farming technology are: Volgograd Region, Krasnodar Territory, and Voronezh Region. Based on the correlation and regression analysis, the authors proved the relationship between the volume of agricultural products produced and the level of technological equipment of the industry. The regression results showed that an increase in the share of investments and the coefficient of renewal of fixed assets leads to a decrease in agricultural production. The share of machinery and equipment, as well as the coefficient of renewal of fixed assets, on the contrary, increase production volumes. This paradox is explained by the fact that not just investments are important, but investments in high-tech equipment, which confirms the importance of Industry 4.0 for the agricultural sector of the economy.
The authors present the results of their research, which helped to identify the main trends in the scientific and technical development of this industry. The algorithm and principles of economic justification of regulations and standards for the crop industry were presented on the example of oilseeds, and special attention was paid to the ecological block of this justification. The developed basic standards and regulations for the crop industry on the example of rapeseed can be used by specialists in the field of agriculture and researchers to make decisions in the development of agricultural technologies and innovative development of the industry. The results obtained can also be useful for companies engaged in the production of agricultural products, as well as to support government programs in the field of crop production development. In general, this work can serve as a good example of structuring and economic justification of decision-making in agriculture and other industries using modern methods and technologies, which is a prerequisite for the sustainable development of the industry in the future. Another significant application of the research results may be associated with increasing the competitiveness of domestic producers in the world markets of agricultural products. The developed regulations and standards make it possible to improve the quality and efficiency of agricultural production with a minimum load on the environment. This, in turn, will help Russian manufacturers to strengthen their positions on world markets, increase exports of products and attract additional investments in the industry. The results of this study can be used for the development of sustainable agriculture and relevant government programs. As noted in the article, environmental aspects should be taken into account at all stages of the development of agricultural technologies and decision-making in the crop industry. The use of the developed regulations and standards will help to minimize the negative impact on the environment and the conservation of biodiversity.
The development of cluster organization in agricultural machinery industry gives an opportunity to provide agricultural producers with equipment and components more sustainably, as well as to increase the efficiency of related services. Examples of existing clusters in the appropriate field are demonstrated. Various forms of cluster formations based on the product, territorial (regional) and industry – based organizational approaches, as well as in the case of inter - cluster and multi - cluster interaction are analyzed. Various schematic models for future development of agricultural machinery industry focused on the domestic agricultural producers supply when various forms of cluster organization and cluster interactions functioning are proposed. It is proved that the most progressive form is the cluster functioning model according to the industry - based principle. An opportunity of introducing technical and technological complexes to cluster formations based on machine - technological station principle, but with the provision of a wider range of services, is shown.
During the study of the production and financial activities of agricultural holdings, we found that the greatest difficulties for the management of associations are caused by operations related to the selection and purchase of agricultural equipment, which is due to the lack of established internal rules, prescribed instructions for managing purchases of agricultural equipment, standardizing this process by documenting all elements of the flowchart of the process. To fix this problem, we have developed a process model for managing purchases of agricultural equipment in an agricultural holding, which includes the following processes: preliminary selection of bidders for a closed tender; collection and analysis of data on the competitive advantages and disadvantages of prospective bidders; formation and approval of updated technical specifications, criteria for evaluating equipment and suppliers, approval of the list of companies admitted to the tender; conducting a tender. Information and documentation support of the procurement management process of agricultural equipment has been developed, including a set of instructions. These instructions are essentially internal regulations (standards) regulating the procurement process at the level of the agricultural holding. The implementation of the proposed process model for managing purchases of agricultural equipment, including information and documentation support for this process in the form of local regulations (standards), will allow integrated organizations to quickly manage processes and purposefully improve them, involve employees of the structure in the analysis and improvement of processes, create all conditions for the development of a quality management system in the agricultural holding.
Almost 50% of enterprises in Russia cultivating flax do not have acreage that allows them to effectively use classical equipment of normal dimensions for primary processing. For such enterprises with small acreage, a number of small-sized lines of technological equipment for the production of long and short flax fibers have been developed. The bonfire formed during processing is about 60% of the volume of flax, it is suitable for the production of fuel briquettes or pellets; this will make it possible to obtain chemically and biologically safe fuel. Given the large number of flax producers with small acreage, it became necessary to analyze the economic efficiency of the primary processing of flax trusts on small-sized equipment and the impact of the production of fuel pellets from bonfires on the financial result of the enterprise. The domestic small-sized equipment for the primary processing of flax-long-grain trusts into long and short fiber produced by FGBNU FNC LC, as well as a KG-0.6 mini granulation complex for the production of fuel pellets from bonfires, is considered and analyzed. It is established that the primary processing of flax on small-sized equipment in the conditions of farms and agricultural cooperatives is cost-effective regardless of the shift work of the enterprise. The production of fuel pellets from flax bark will increase the profitability of the enterprise by an average of 10%, significantly reducing the payback period of capital expenditures. It is established that increasing the shift work of the enterprise improves the financial result to a greater extent than the production of additional products in the form of pellets.
Based on statistical data, the article defines the positions of the Russian Federation in the production and export of soybeans and individual soybean-derived products. It was revealed that the intensive increase in soybean acreage and production is due to targeted actions in this area by the government of the Russian Federation, which led to an increase in Russia's share in the world markets for soybeans and soy products. To study the export potential, three groups of products were selected: soybeans, soybean oil and oilcake, which currently form comparable export volumes. Based on the structural and dynamic analysis, the role of the Russian Federation in the world markets of the analyzed products was determined - in recent years, the country has been among the top ten exporters, although with a small share, but with a tendency to grow faster than the world market as a whole, the main economic partner countries. As a result of the study, a significant negative trade balance in the foreign trade of the Russian Federation in soybeans was revealed, which casts doubt on the economic feasibility of increasing the export of soybeans, and a positive trade balance in the foreign trade in soybean oil and oilcake. Based on the available expert assessments on the development of the use of soybean products, conclusions were drawn about the prospects for increasing exports of soybean processing products - soybean oil, oilcake, isolate, which is due both to the growth in global demand for products and to the increase in the production of these products in the country. Restrictions in exports associated with the existing disproportions in soybean production and the placement of processing facilities have been identified, and solutions have been proposed in the short term.
The study was carried out in order to substantiate the choice of state regional policy mechanisms to achieve the goals of sustainable development in the direction of the active use of e-government services by the rural population of Russia based on the identification and analysis of the needs of the population and emerging problems. The materials of the study were the results of the Federal statistical observation on the use of information technologies and information and telecommunication networks by the population of Rosstat for 2018 and 2021. It was noted that the COVID 19 pandemic not only contributed to the increase in the activity of rural residents in using e-government services, but also exacerbated the existing problems. The paper analyzes the regional features of the dynamics of the share of the rural population using e-government services during the COVID 19 pandemic, defines the parameters that determine the dependence of the studied dynamics on factors that reflect both the quality of services provided in electronic form and the dynamics of the share of the population that refused e-government services for reasons for failure in regions with similar type-forming features. Six classification groups of regions have been formed that differ in the dynamics of the process of involvement of the rural population in the use of e-government services. The relationship between the dynamics of the use of state and municipal services in electronic form by the rural population and the dynamics of the level of satisfaction with the quality of the provision of these services in the regions of the Russian Federation, as well as the dynamics of the share of the population who refused e-government services for various reasons, was revealed. Based on the results obtained, state policy measures for regional authorities are substantiated, which can contribute to an increase in the share of rural users of state and municipal services in electronic form.
This paper substantiates the necessity and possibility of interdisciplinary synthesis of the achievements of information and communication theory, semiotics and institutional economics to study the dialectical interaction of socio-cultural dynamics and economic changes by the example of the study of the problem of sustainable development of rural areas. Based on the convergence of methodological approaches, an expanded interpretation of this problem is given, including a communicative-semiotic aspect. Based on the materials of long-term field research at the local level, the explanatory possibilities of interdisciplinary methodology are shown, as well as its potential for the theoretical justification of an effective strategy for the balanced development of local territories and the optimal adjustment of its implementation mechanisms, taking into account radically changing production, market, information and other technologies. Our local field studies of the interaction of socio-cultural factors and economic processes in rural areas have revealed a number of bundles of values, motives, stereotypes and norms of behavior developed by the relevant cultural environment and manifested in sustainably reproducible social practices that have a positive or negative impact on the functioning and development of rural communities in modern conditions. Within the framework of the article, we describe in more detail two of them, which most determine the readiness and ability of rural residents for effective and productive joint activities within the territorial community. The first bundle includes such indicators of socio-cultural maturity of the rural community as trust, honesty, responsibility and cooperation. The second is emotional attachment and commitment to a small homeland, a sense of duty to loved ones and fellow villagers, a willingness to come to their aid, to support those who take actions useful for the general well-being and take care of the preservation and prosperity of their native village.
In the context of a massive sanctions policy against Russia by "unfriendly" states, the implementation of a new industrialization of the country's agricultural production is a key ideologeme of its effective functioning. The article presents a model of interaction between the state, science and business for the purposes of neoindustrialization of agricultural production. The economic essence of the new industrialization is revealed, which boils down to the transfer of the industry to an industrial basis, the creation of large-scale machine and robotic agricultural production with its corresponding provision (in the required quantity and assortment) with chemical means. It is established that the provision of agricultural producers with machinery, trailed machines remains at a low level. In this regard, in order to carry out neoindustrialization, it is necessary to stimulate the localization of the production of technical means, critical components, diversify the geographical import of machinery, equipment and components, and provide cheap credit for the development of their own machine-building industries. It is shown that the use of resource-saving technologies should be accompanied by an increase in soil fertility, taking into account the biological characteristics of varieties, hybrids of agricultural crops and animal breeds, which are associated with the use of optimal rates of fertilization and other means of chemicalization. It is proved that the decisive role in the neoindustrialization of agricultural production should belong to development institutions: JSC "Rosagroleasing", JSC "Russian Agricultural Bank" and agrobiotechnoparks created by the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia.
The article discusses issues aimed at improving the effectiveness of the implementation of the strategy for the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Donetsk People's Republic in the current conditions of unstable economic conditions and new challenges associated with the geopolitical situation. The characteristic of the unsolved problem is given, which consists in the need to take into account in the implementation of the strategy of the functioning of the branches of the agro-industrial complex, and, in particular, those enterprises of agriculture and food industry that are in the territories liberated during a special military operation. Due to the increase in the population and the amount of cultivated land, the development strategy requires changes, taking into account both these factors and the goals and objectives aimed at ensuring food security and social guarantees of the citizens of the Republic. To assess the implementation of the strategy for the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Donetsk People's Republic and the achievement of results according to the indicated indicators, an analysis of the state of the industry and a comparison of the indicators actually achieved in 2021 with indicative ones were carried out. The analysis showed a slight deviation on the 23rd indicators. The largest number of deviations was revealed in the livestock industry. Based on the analysis, proposals have been developed to eliminate the identified deviations in the dynamics of key strategic indicators of agribusiness efficiency. Solving the problems outlined in the article within the framework of the development strategy will create conditions for the growth of key performance indicators for the long term, as well as implement previously planned tasks.