the article discusses the multidirectional approaches to the development of non-urbanized territories used in the countries of the Asian region. Today, Asian countries belong to the level of medium-urbanized countries in which the growth of the urban population is ahead of their real development. The relevance of the study is due to a decrease in the attractiveness of rural areas, as a result of which the imbalances of socio-economic development in various countries increase. The aim of the work was to identify institutional tools that contribute to increasing the level of socio-economic development in the non-urbanized territories of the countries of the Asian region. . The work used general methods (analysis, synthesis, systematic approach) and special (statistical, comparative analysis). The scientific basis of the study was the scientific and practical work of Russian and foreign scientists for the period 1995-2023. On the example of Japan, China, India, mechanisms were investigated and systematized that contribute to the effective development of rural areas in Asian countries: branding, educational programs, information infrastructure, technological implementations, financial support. It was noted that one of the main drivers of the development of non-urbanized territories in the countries under consideration was directly state support in various forms. It was found that among some instruments, the level of socio-economic potential of non-urbanized territories is significantly influenced by: financial and tax incentive measures, the construction of transport networks and social infrastructure facilities, the introduction of educational programs in rural areas. Among the main results of the implementation of programs for the development of non-occupied territories in the Asian region is an increase in the quality of life of citizens while reducing the population living in rural areas. A similar trajectory of spatial development of the countries under consideration determines the feasibility of adapting the presented practices in Russia.
The article considers the importance of the environmental component in the production of food, analyzing the foreign experience of the United States, Britain, Australia and the European Union. The authors emphasize that the issues of attractiveness of environmentally friendly products are important not only for consumers of all developed countries, but also in the "National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation" it is a priority. The purpose of the article is to analyze the importance of the environmental component in the production of agricultural products in foreign countries to justify the need to develop a model of environmental traceability. The reports of a number of consulting and research companies were analyzed, which allowed identifying certain trends in consumer preferences. For most consumers in developed countries, it is important to produce environmentally friendly packaging and products, reduce waste in the production process, reduce the carbon footprint, protect and support biodiversity. For companies, regardless of the type of products they sell, the priorities are to reduce plastic use and recycling, to respect and protect natural resources, to care for the consumer's well-being and to reduce their carbon footprint. Thus, the importance of the environmental component for both consumers and producers in the reviewed countries is not in doubt. The authors propose to create a contour model of environmental traceability for Russian producers and consumers. This model will allow consumers and large companies to present information about the quality of products based on information about the quality and environmental friendliness of product components, and it is also possible to use the model to create electronic product certificates.
In modern conditions of global pressure on Russia, the importance of strategic management of key parameters of regional socio-economic systems is increasing. The current conditions for the emergence of problems in the food sector, the genesis of the food component of the economic security of the region are considered. The assessment of the food security of the state as a whole is based on measuring the contribution of the agro-industrial complex, food and food processing industries to meeting the food needs of the country's inhabitants. The levels of food security of the country's territories, reflecting the share of domestic food products in the total volume of food products on the market, are considered. The food security of the region has a more complex profile, requiring instrumental detailing of the process of managing timely food supplies, market infrastructure, pricing, and the level and quality of life of the population. The polycomponent nature of the region's food security is characterized, which combines the performance parameters of agricultural enterprises, food industry production, the functioning of warehouse, logistics and trade networks, household incomes, pricing policy, and the environmental situation. The following directions for measuring the food security of the region have been identified: production and supply of food in the volumes necessary for the population of the region; development of trade facilities that ensure the availability of food for the population; the system of state social security with foodstuffs; the level of well-being and solvency of citizens in relation to consumer goods; threats to food availability. The platform for assessing the sufficiency of the food component of the economic security of the territory is designated. It is proposed to supplement the existing set of parameters for measuring the degree of food security in the regions with indicators: the share of food expenditures in the total amount of citizens' expenditures, the efficiency of food processing enterprises and retail chains, and the food anthropogenic nature of the region.
Retail food markets remain the main channels of food sales to domestic consumers. This article presents the results of research and typologization of local retail markets on the example of administrative units (districts) of six regions of the Volga Federal District. Three groups of districts were allocated for each subject of the Volga Federal District, depending on the level of retail trade development. A preliminary analysis of the factors of retail trade development by the method of expert evaluation is carried out. The choice of the regions of the Volga Federal District (hereinafter referred to as the Volga Federal District) as objects of research is due to the fact that this territory has become an active participant in escort food operations within the framework of the strategy of socio-economic development of Russia until 2030, which determines the need to solve the tasks set in the July Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On National development Goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030” In the context of the development of export activities, management bodies need to ensure the balanced development of the internal markets of the regions and administrative districts of the Volga Federal District. The analysis of retail trade will help to identify areas with a low level of its development and facilitate the adoption of targeted measures by government authorities. The Volga Federal District borders the Southern, Central, North-Western and Ural Federal Districts and Kazakhstan. The share of the district's GDP in the all-Russian indicator exceeds 15%. In 2023, the population of the Volga Federal District was 21.3% of the population of the whole of Russia, the share of the rural population of the Volga Federal District was 27.3%.
Agriculture is one of the most socially significant sectors of the Russian economy, the level of development and efficiency of which depends on the country's food security. Despite the fact that the unprecedented scale of sectoral and individual sanctions has less affected agriculture, restrictions on other sectors of the Russian economy pose risks for the dynamic development of the agricultural sector. Russia's food security presupposes a sustainable food supply for the population and is the most important key to strengthening its national sovereignty. The current Doctrine of Food Security of the country, one of its main indicators, defines the food independence of the country and regions, characterized by the degree of compliance with the thresholds for the ratio of domestic agricultural production and food production and the volume of their main types of domestic consumption, as well as food sustainability. The close essential relationship of these concepts informatively expands the multidimensional nature of the study of this problem not only from the point of view of assessing the current situation, but also the development of predictive values of their most important characteristics. Considering that agricultural production is directly (or indirectly) related to each of these categories, the study was conducted on the materials of the agricultural region, which is the North Caucasus Federal District (North Caucasus Federal District).The study made it possible to characterize the state and dynamics of the economic results of agribusiness subjects in the context of the consequences of sanctions; assess the differentiation of the levels of food security of the subjects of the region and the food supply of their population; economic availability of basic food products for the population; develop a forecast of food security in the region and prospects for agro export for the main types of agricultural products for the period up to 2030; Identify priority areas for the development of the agricultural sector in terms of ensuring food security in the region and the country as a whole.
The article analyzes the leading aspects of managing the development of the agricultural sector in the Krasnodar region and presents proposals for its improvement. The article examines mechanisms and tools of agricultural policy at the regional level. The results of state programs ensuring the development of agriculture in the Krasnodar region are provided. Agriculture and the agro-industrial complex based on it play a key role in the economic development of the region under consideration, which is one of the leading producers of agricultural products in Russia. Moreover, almost half of the working-age population in the region is employed in agriculture. The diversity of the agricultural sector largely determines the economic characteristics of regional development. Agriculture, as an economic sector, has its peculiarities, such as relative independence from organization methods, management forms, and the current economic system. In the context of the modern competitive economy, the global market, and anti-Russian sanctions, insufficient state support for the agricultural sector can lead to long-term negative consequences in the area of reducing food security levels. A reduction in labor resources in agricultural organizations predetermines the problem of unemployment growth in rural areas of the region and negatively affects the social and reproductive component of human capital, as well as investment attractiveness. The methodological basis of the research was concepts in the field of agricultural economics, as well as legislative and regulatory acts regulating the activities of peasant (farm) and personal subsidiary farms, program-target documents for the development of the agricultural industry. The proposals developed in the article are aimed at improving the regional management system for the development of agriculture in the Krasnodar region, which contributes to increasing crop yields, improving the quality of products in crop and livestock production, and ensuring food sovereignty.
The article evaluates the relationship between digitalization level and efficiency indicators of dairy farming – production and economic. Farm profiles with different digitalization levels are based on data from dairy enterprises of the Leningrad region. Digitalization level is set by the number of digital technologies implemented to monitor and control the health and physiological condition of cows. The empirical data show that the economic performance of milk producers and the digitalization level have a positive relationship: profits and profitability consistently increased when moving from one group of farms different in digitalization level to another. The impact of the number of digital technologies implemented on efficiency indicators, especially on cow yield and labor productivity, is non-linear. That is, the effects of digitalization depended on the number of technologies implemented, but were most noticeable in the transition from "zero" to "first" level of digitalization. As the number of digital technologies continued to increase, economic efficiency grew, but at a markedly lower rate, while production efficiency remained virtually unchanged. It shows a weak correlation between the digitalization level of enterprises and the current subsidies level. This can be explained by the focus of state support mainly on the indicator of milk production growth, as well as, probably, by the current time lags of state support impact. The evolutionary nature of the process of technological modernization is defined, in which digitalization seems to be the next relevant stage. It shows the barriers to such development for farms with "zero" digitalization, associated, among other things, with the manifestation of negative economies of scale. The article discusses the existing support measures for digitalization at the level of agricultural producers and their possible adjustments to facilitate a more active implementation of digital technology. The results confirm the current focus of industry players on digitalization to improve the sustainability and profitability of milk production.
The article analyzes the features of the development of dairy cattle breeding in the regions of the Non-black earth region of Russia. The analysis of changes from 2007 to 2021 in the volume of milk production, the number of cows, acreage, including fodder crops, and other production indicators in the municipal districts of four regions of the Non-black earth region of Russia, three of which belong to the Northwestern Federal District - Leningrad, Vologda, Novgorod region and one to the Central Federal District - Yaroslavl region. The increased differentiation of the development of dairy farming between regions and municipal districts was revealed with the beginning of the implementation of the Priority National Project for the Development of Agriculture in 2006-2007 and State programs for the development of agriculture and regulation of agricultural products, raw materials and food markets. Priority state support for the implementation of large projects, ensuring the growth of dairy productivity and gross milk production, has increased the differences in the level of development of dairy farming between farms, municipal districts and regions. The main volumes of milk are produced in a limited number of municipal districts, agro-climatic, production and economic conditions in which allow for the implementation, with the support of the state, of large investment projects for the construction or modernization of dairy complexes with industrial conveyor-type technologies. The reduction in the number of cows and the volume of milk production in a significant part of the municipal districts of the Non-black earth region of Russia leads to a decrease in acreage, a decrease in the intensity of their use, and the withdrawal of arable land from agricultural turnover. Digital transformation of dairy farming, maximum adaptation of feed and milk production to local agro-climatic and production conditions, are able to ensure a competitive level of costs and product quality in the region of risky farming with a smaller scale of production units and enterprises.
The article systematizes the key factors that cause imbalances in the development of the modern system of strategic planning of the agricultural sector. The paper substantiates that the regions should take an active part in the formation of the key plan- a new document of the strategic planning system in agriculture – the State Program. It is established that the absence in the system of strategic planning documents of such an important intermediate link between State Programs of different levels as the regional scheme of the spatial organization of the industry does not allow to objectively assess the internal potential of individual territories in achieving national priorities. It is proved that poorly developed approaches to forecasting the parameters of the development of the agricultural sector in individual regions contribute to the reduction of target indicators of the development of the industry, slowing down the pace of its economic development. The frequent change of priority goals and objectives of the State Program leads to a change in the range of target indicators, their systematic non-fulfillment, transformation of the mechanism of state support. It is noted that regular changes in limits, deadlines and planned activities within the framework of the State Program, on the one hand, does not allow an objective assessment of the effectiveness of their application, on the other hand, complicates the development of plans for the long-term development of the agricultural sector of individual subjects of the Russian Federation when they are interconnected with the strategies of territorial and sectoral development of regions. The limited state support funds in the structure of the country's federal budget expenditures in the context of an inflationary increase in the general level of prices for energy, components, seeds, imported technologies hinders the solution of the complex of long-term tasks of sustainable development of the agricultural sector. It is argued that the applied instruments of state regulation of the industry within the framework of the State Program do not meet the principles of consistency and continuity of use. This fact contradicts the methodology of the strategic planning system and seriously limits its development at the present stage.
The effectiveness of the measures and mechanisms used to regulate the processes in the sectors of the national economy involved in cross-border trade largely determines the effectiveness of its functioning. The main form of interstate interaction at the level of regional entities is currently the cross-border exchange of economic resources, the results of production activities, cooperation in the implementation of social and infrastructure projects. One of the conditions for increasing the effectiveness of the state policy of regional development in the Russian Federation, in our opinion, may also be the development of a set of measures, aimed at the theoretical justification and practical implementation of programs to intensify the processes of unification of border areas into cross-border entities, to the extent that the current foreign policy environment allows it. The purpose of this study is to develop a mechanism for regulating the national economy in cooperation with cross-border structures and associations. The scientific novelty of the research is the use of the matrix of cross-border interaction for the analyzing the scenario of economic development of interacting regions, identifying competitive advantages of the regions of neighboring countries in the fields of specialization based on the calculation of the coefficient of comparative advantages. An integral element of the institutional mechanism for regulating the national economy in the context of cross-border interaction can be a regression model for assessing the impact of key factors on the GRP of border regions.