The study purpose is to create a single mechanism for evaluating performance providing an objective intensity estimation use assessment of acreage subjects of economic activity, territorial entities of the Federal and regional level. To evaluate the efficiency of use agricultural producers of their land resources methods based on the boundary of production capabilities are used in particular, the nonparametric method of data shell analysis. The proposed based on the synthesis of the integral indicator estimation intensity of use of their land resources by an agricultural enterprise or the territory method through the mathematical dependence including yield, average and marginal income indicators. Thanks to the use of the method at the regional level, you can create commodity producer’s portraits and territorial’s maps at the federal level, the problem of lack of correctness in providing statistical data on the activities of commodity producers is solved.
The article deals with the management of anti-crisis digital transformation processes in broiler production. The relevance of the topic is determined by the increasing frequency of economic crises, the importance of maintaining the stability of this socially significant industry, the need for further improvement of crisis management methodology. As a new approach, the authors propose crisis management mechanism based not on the traditional consideration of program projects as a linear set, but on the use of a network approach and systemic crisis management with elements of digital transformation. In the course of the study, the following tasks were solved: 1) an organizational model for managing the digital anti-crisis transformation program based on a network approach is proposed; 2) peculiarities of poultry farms monitoring as the basis for developing an anti-crisis digital transformation program for this industry are identified; 3) a model of digital transformation of a poultry farm for using it as an anti-crisis management tool is worked out. Digital transformation is understood by the authors as a fundamental change in the logic and content of processes: it means the company's transition to project (program) management based on goal setting, systematic review and evaluation of each project contribution to the implementation of the program. As an anti-crisis program, it can affect the main problem areas: relations with the external environment; internal business processes; resource base, including material resources, human capital and corporate culture; finance. The proposed approach makes it possible to develop a method for prioritizing program projects based on the use of network analysis. It allows to allocate resources between program projects, to evaluate the probability of individual projects’ success and the program as a whole. This approach can be extended to other branches of the agro-industrial complex.
Buckwheat is a valuable grain crop that has a number of irreplaceable qualities both as a food crop and as a honey crop, and is also of great importance in agricultural technology and medicine. The largest producers of buckwheat in the world are countries such as China, Russia and Ukraine. The main areas in the Russian Federation under culture are concentrated in the Siberian, Volga and Central Federal districts. The highest crop yield in 2019 was received in the Krasnodar territory and the Belgorod region. The share of domestic varieties in the State register of breeding achievements approved for use is 98‰. Russian producers are sown on the fields of the Russian varieties. Russia is an exporter of buckwheat to China, Japan, Mongolia, Armenia, Serbia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus, and Kyrgyzstan.
The article describes the system of sustainable development of the plant industry based on improving the selection and seed production of crops in the Russian Federation. The high dependence of the country on foreign producers of seeds of higher reproductions is shown. Reasons have been revealed that limit the dynamic development of selection and seed production in Russia. A hierarchy of the system of sustainable development of the crop industry is proposed, in which the allocated levels form the corresponding subsystems for improving selection and seed production. The need for deep localization of seed production by foreign companies in the country has not been proved to the detriment of national selection. In this regard, an explanation is given of what seeds can and should be considered domestic. During the study, a set of methods was used: abstract-logical (when setting the goal and objectives of the study, substantiating the directions for improving selection and seed production), comparative analysis (when studying the theoretical aspects of the sustainable development of crop production in the country), monographic (when studying the state of selection and seed production of crops).
The article is devoted to the problems of the development of rural territories of the Republic of Kalmykia, located in the arid zone and characterized by extremely unfavourable natural and climatic conditions. Research on the living conditions of rural residents, the economic activities of agricultural producers and the state of the natural environment is carried out in conjunction as a socio-ecological economic system. In the course of research, a comprehensive analysis of rural socio-ecological economic systems in the context of its components was carried out. An analysis of the living conditions of the rural population revealed the presence of destructive factors for the development of the socio sphere, such as a stably negative migration balance, which led to a reduction and ageing of the rural population, low living standards of rural residents, financial insecurity of rural settlements, etc. The analysis showed the development of destructive factors both in the life support of rural residents, the production activities of agricultural producers, and in the preservation of the fragile ecological and economic balance of the rural territories of the Republic of Kalmykia. This fact led to the need to improve the model of rural development as a socio ecological and economic system that can neutralize threats to food security.
The objectives of the Strategy for the Sustainable Development of Rural Territories of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2030 are set out in the relevant principles and objectives of the rural territories in the social, demographic, economic, information, environmental and other spheres. The transition stage (2015-2020) of the Strategy implementation has ended, which involves the assessment of intermediate results both in the country as a whole and in individual regions, taking into account the starting conditions and specific features of the development of each of them. A comprehensive analysis of the results obtained would allow not only to improve the tools for organizational and economic support of target indicators at the regional and municipal levels, but also to make possible adjustments to State rural development programmes and operational plans of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation and other departments. Based on the objectives of the Strategy, the article analyzes the state and development of rural areas of the Kaluga region; considered causal relations of qualitative and quantitative changes in demographic, socio-economic and environmental activities of rural settlements of the region; studies of string-and-string shifts in production and consumption of basic agricultural products and their impact on migration processes in rural areas; assessment of the level and degree of sustainable development of rural territories of the Kaluga region; presented and interpreted the results of a sociological survey of rural residents of the Kaluga region for priority measures to improve life in the countryside; the differentiation of municipalities of Kaluga region according to the most important indicators of the socio-economic development of rural settlements was studied and concrete proposals for its reduction were justified.
Demographic aging is the dominant trend characteristic not only of economically developed but also developing countries, having a negative impact on economic growth, the national labour market, and the pension system. The aim of the study is to identify patterns and specific features of the demographic aging of rural areas in Russia, makes rural-urban comparisons, and a statistical assessment of the scale and depth of aging in the Russian countryside. The article also analyses the forecast dynamics of the number and proportion of people over working age in the context of the pension reform. Studies show that demographic aging has affected the territory of Russia to varying degrees, the proportion of people over working age in the structure of the rural population ranges from 16.7‰ in the North Caucasus to 29.6‰ in the Central Federal District. The gender asymmetry in rural areas is higher than in urban areas; the share of rural women ranges from 51.9‰ in the 70-74 ages to 79‰ among 90-94 years old. The depth of aging of the female population, measured by the share of people 80 years and older in the structure of the elderly rural population, is 22.0‰, while that of the male population is 12.2‰. The results of the study made it possible to identify rural-urban differences, interregional differentiation, gender asymmetry and feminization of the process of demographic aging in the countryside in Russia.
The general conditions for the formation of sectoral competitiveness for various industries are considered, including the use of the experience of competition, factors of the competitiveness of the industry and the orientation of manufacturers to the needs of regional consumers. It is shown that the competitiveness of the meat industry in the region is influenced by the nature of the participation of producers in the creation of consumer value, the uneven distribution of costs and profits, the dependence of competitiveness on technologies at each stage of the production of meat products. It is shown that the competitiveness of the meat industry in the region is created at the level of specific producers, since they participate in different ways in creating consumer value, and the ways of using the experience of competitive struggle to develop competitive advantages are also different. It is concluded that for small farms, the preferred way to use the experience of competition in the meat market is cooperation with other participants in the creation of consumer value, and the largest producers have the opportunity to directly use this experience, since they control all stages of creating value for the consumer. Various aspects of the definitions of the competitiveness of the meat industry in the region are considered, which, in conjunction with the substantiation of its essence, made it possible to clarify the definition of this concept.
The article discusses the main provisions of the long-term agricultural policy of Russia, including scientifically based principles of its formation, goals and objectives for the long term, stages of implementation, main priorities and assessment of implementation. The principles considered were the complexity, staging, food availability for all population groups, spatial development, taking into account the natural and economic characteristics of the country's regions, the balance of resources and development goals, equal accessibility of agricultural producers to external and internal markets of agricultural products and food. Particular attention is paid to the internal and external challenges that will have to be overcome on the way to achieving long-term development goals. Three main stages were identified for the implementation of a long-term agricultural policy. The core of the article is the formulation of the main strategic priorities for the development of the agro-industrial complex, including strategic management, forecasting and planning; the relationship between agricultural and macroeconomic policies; scientific and technological progress in the agro-industrial complex; advancing legislative support of agricultural policy; the mission of the Russian peasantry and increasing its role in society; advancing development of the agro-industrial complex of the regions of the non-black earth zone of Russia; efficient land use and ecology; convergence of agricultural policies of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union. The article ends with a scenario forecast for the development of the country's agriculture in comparison with international estimates.
The article describes the number of instruments for realization of flexibility principle at organization management, which are developed relating management functions on example of main segments of enterprise’s activity at agro-industrial complex. There are follow function: aim statement, planning, the directing and orienting functions, functions of analysis, accounting and controlling. Analysis was conducted on such segments of enterprise’s activity, as the management to personal, to technologies, to subdivisions, to costs and results of production. Main instruments are: creation of system “change management” at enterprise; an involving of position «technology manager”; cost management system, conducted onto places of origin, carriers and centres of responsibility; creation of turn back relationships at information stream “boss-subordinate”; triad «independence, interest, responsibility”; an according of centralized and decentralized management; an according of personal and corporate interests. Employment of flexibility principle at organization management will allow to manage to changes efficiently, to create a system of fast reaction on provocations from over side and inside environment, entering of suitable corrections to strategy and tactic of activity for obtaining of stated objectives.