The purpose of the study is to analyze the development of robotic technologies in agriculture and forecast the technical performance of certain types of agricultural robots (or agrobots). The current stage of development of agriculture in the world's leading countries includes wide application of robotics to increase productivity, provide food for the growing population of the planet, solve the problem of labor shortages, save materials and respect the environment. The coronavirus pandemic has closed borders and restricted movement for seasonal workers, eroding farmers' profits and jeopardizing food security around the world. This has further increased the focus on robotics as a key component of agricultural production. The agrobot market includes robots for weeding, sowing seeds, harvesting, unmanned tractors, agricultural drones, milking robots and others. In the article, the authors consider the agrobot market as a whole and its structure by individual types, methods of using robots and development trends of the main indicators of unmanned tractors and UAVs. For UAVs with different wing types, modifications of the main representatives of each type, most widely used in agriculture, are constructed, models of the dynamics of a number of absolute and specific technical indicators are constructed, and a complex indicator of technical complexity for UAVs with a fixed wing is calculated. According to the technical and economic indicators of unmanned tractors of the world's leading manufacturers given in the article, models of the price dependence on the main technical indicators of this type of robotics are built. The disadvantages and risks of using robotics in agriculture, which hinder the wider use of agrobots, are also considered.
The article analyzes the methodological aspects of the functioning of the agro-industrial complex, the development of its potential within the framework of strategic planning for the development of the region. The author proposes a methodology for assessing the potential of agricultural development at the level of the subject of the Federation. The concept of «potential for the development of agriculture» is defined as an integral value consisting of four components: «production», «industrial», «investment» and «innovation», characterizing the achieved level and prospects for further development. An index approach is proposed to translate the absolute values of indicators into relative ones, followed by the calculation of the geometric mean of the growth indices for each indicator within the component, which allows determining the coefficient values of the components of the development potential of the agro-industrial complex. Criteria for determining the level of potential development are proposed. Coefficients reflecting the ratio of the index of the physical volume of produced (processed) agricultural products to the index of its valuation are proposed as indicators; commensurate with the amount of investments in agriculture with the costs of agricultural science development, interpreted as the degree of attraction of investments in R&D achievements.
The article deals with the problems of formation of the investment potential of agriculture, as well as issues of increasing the investment attractiveness of the industry. The investment potential is an integral characteristic of many indicators, among which the main one is the production and financial potential. One of the main factors in the growth of production potential is the development of investment activity and investment activity. At the same time, lending is a significant resource for investment growth. In the course of the study, a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of both absolute indicators of lending volumes (in the whole of the Russian Federation and in the regional context) and relative indicators was carried out, in particular, the dynamics of lending volumes per 1 hectare of sown area per 1 employed in agriculture was assessed, as well as the ratio of lending volumes and gross output received. The conducted studies have revealed significant regional differentiation in the development of lending and investment activities. Also, a set of factors was identified that negatively affect the development of lending, in particular: the lag in the dynamics of lending to agriculture from the growth in lending in the economy as a whole; concentration of credit and financial organizations lending to the agricultural sector of the country; insufficient economic and physical availability of borrowed resources; insufficient volumes of state support for concessional lending; extremely low volumes of investment in strategic areas, in particular, the creation and acquisition of computer software, as well as funding for research and development. Thus, in the context of implementing the tasks of ensuring technological sovereignty, the conclusion about the need to increase the investment attractiveness of agriculture based on the development of a set of measures to increase the investment potential of the industry is substantiated.
The issues of the strategy of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex in recent years have become of great importance for improving the efficiency of agricultural production, raw materials and food, labor productivity growth, ensuring competitiveness in the world market. And, in many respects, it directly depends both on the direction of development of the innovation development strategy itself, and on the level of state regulation of the inflow of investments, including foreign direct capital investments, support for agricultural producers using innovative technologies. The article examines some characteristics of innovation activity in the BRICS countries and some highly industrial countries, and notes the relatively low level of business participation in R&D financing. Particular attention is paid to the relatively significant share of foreign R&D financing in the GDP of developed industrial countries. The article reveals the characteristics of foreign direct investment in the agro-industrial complex of Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, taking into account the availability of agricultural land, state support. Attention is focused on the investment activity of China, which both attracted FDI and supported the outflow of long-term investments in agriculture in other countries. It is particularly noted that the problems with the inflow of long-term capital in Russia, including foreign capital, into agriculture are primarily due to mistakes during the agrarian reforms in the nineties of the XX century. The disproportions between FDI investments in agriculture and the food and processing industry in various BRICS countries have been revealed. The author's understanding of the strategy of innovative development is presented in the context of the need to expand the financing of innovative processes in the agro-industrial complex from all sources, including through attracting FDI.
The market situation is changing agricultural and food engineering. Agricultural producers are looking for a replacement for foreign equipment, the policy of import substitution is vital. The development of both industries is necessary to provide farmers, agricultural producers and agro-industrial enterprises with the machinery and equipment necessary for uninterrupted operation. Domestic machine builders are ready to compensate for many positions, including those for spare parts. There was a great chance to cover and conquer our market. Today, the share of domestic machines in the agricultural machinery market exceeds 50%. In the coming years, the share of industrial equipment will also increase.
The article presents the results of a scientific study on the problem of the development of the livestock industry and its subcomplex - dairy cattle breeding in the context of the global economic crisis. The authors assessed the development of dairy cattle breeding over a 10-year period in the agrarian formations of the Krasnodar Territory and advanced economic entities of the agricultural sector of the economy, identified both positive and negative aspects of its functioning. Special attention is paid to the assessment of the ratio of the rates of development of the basic branches of crop production and animal husbandry, the influence of biological, technological, environmental, human factors of the functioning of agricultural entrepreneurship, including the development of its individual areas. The regularities of the economic security of agricultural formations depending on the production combination of industries: crop production and animal husbandry are revealed. The authors came to the conclusion that in the modern economy it is important to have a scientifically based organizational and economic management mechanism, the core of which is the accounting triad (financial, tax and management accounting), prove that only in the information field of the accounting triad there is data on resources, their structure, the ability to be used in the production process. The quality of management of an economic entity, its branches and even technological operations depends on the speed, quality and reliability of the formation of descriptors (natural and cost indicators) of the accounting triad, the safety of entrepreneurial activity depends. The article presents specific proposals for a rational combination of branches of agricultural formation to ensure its safety, defines the role of dairy cattle breeding in the formation of cash flows, and justifies the role and importance of digital methods and tools for information processing.
The processes of increased attention to the problems of the environment and ecology have served as a driver for the development of organic agriculture. In foreign countries, organic agriculture is developed at a good level through the use of various mechanisms of state support, while in Russia there is an acute problem of developing and implementing federal financial and credit mechanisms to support producers of organic products. Therefore, it is of great interest to study the existing world experience in order to improve the measures of state support for organic agriculture in Russia. The study provides a comparative analysis of the existing mechanisms of state support for organic producers in various countries, substantiates the effectiveness of direct and indirect measures of financial support. The object of the study was the legal acts and programs for the development of organic agriculture, the financial and credit mechanism of state support. The study resulted in the proposed state support mechanisms, taking into account the stages of development of organic producers in the Russian Federation, which will contribute to the development of organic agriculture, import substitution of organic products and the promotion of organics in general.
The relevance of the research problem is due, on the one hand, to the growth of the intellectual component in the GDP of the leading countries of the world economy, and on the other hand, the need to search for new factors for the sustainable development of Russian companies in the agro-industrial complex. The object of the study is the companies of the agro-industrial complex, whose shares are traded on the MOEX Moscow Exchange. The subject of the study is the financial and economic relations that develop over the formation and use of intangible assets as a basic factor that ensures the sustainable development of agro-industrial companies and, as a result, the growth of their value. The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of indicators of the state of intangible assets on the capitalization and sustainability of the activities of companies in the AIC of Russia. Methods of comparative analysis and synthesis, calculation of financial and economic indicators and correlation and regression analysis were used. It is shown that companies of the agro-industrial complex of Russia have a low share of intangible components in the composition of non-current assets. A trend towards a reduction in the value of intangible assets of Russian companies of the agro-industrial complex has been revealed. Innovation spending in both agriculture and the food industry is on a downward trend and is highly variable. The indicator of gross value added of companies in the AIC of Russia is not high enough. Based on the correlation analysis, it was found that the value of intangible assets does not affect the capitalization of companies in the agro-industrial complex. The analysis carried out allowed us to conclude that indicators of the state of intangible assets of companies do not affect the amount of cash flow from the current activities of companies. Recommendations for Russian companies of the agro-industrial complex are presented, focused on the formation and development of the intangible component as the main factor in sustainable development and value growth.
Strategic goals of development and efficiency growth of enterprises of grain-producing subcomplexes of regions, combined with the current situation of risk and uncertainty in the implementation of foreign economic activity related to the export of agricultural products, raise questions of the formation of flexible self-regulating integrated structures. Their tasks will be adequate timely response and adaptation to changing environmental conditions. The relevance of the study is due to the long-term stable level of grain surplus in certain subjects of the Volga economic region, the aim is to develop a conceptual model for the formation and development of an export-oriented cluster of grain subcomplex. The objects of the study were enterprises of the grain-product subcomplex of the Saratov Region: exporters of grain, flour and pasta, elevators (including water); centers for cluster development and export support in the Russian Federation (RF), importing countries. At the first stage, the potential possibility and practical expediency of creating a process transport and logistics cluster is justified from an organizational and economic point of view, at the second - an effective export mechanism is formed, at the third – mechanisms for building and improving, as well as approaches to evaluating the effectiveness. The conceptual model for the development of an organizational and economic mechanism for the formation and development of an export-oriented cluster of grain-product subcomplex in the region is presented as a system of comprehensive tripartite theoretical, methodological and regulatory studies on the feasibility of forming a highly integrated technological structure, building schemes and models of effective procedures for creating, improving and exporting marketable products. The approbation was carried out on the example of the Saratov region in the form of a detailed study and recommendations on the main components of the stages and blocks. The practical significance of the work lies in the use by the management bodies of the regional agro-industrial complex of the results of the study for further deepening of integration processes at various levels. The proposed approaches can be used to determine the effects of coordinated behavior of the subjects of the economic system in the formation of value chains. The author's idea seems to be universal and can be applied when building clusters in other subcomplexes of the national economy.
The article, which develops the author's developments in the field of studying the standard of living, presents the results of a study aimed at identifying the features of property security of urban and rural families with children. With the use of original instrumental solutions based on microdata of Сomprehensive monitoring of living conditions of Rosstat for urban and rural families with children, an assessment of property security was carried out in the following aspects: 1) the quality of housing conditions, assessed on the basis of correlating the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the main dwelling with the requirements of the original social standards of housing security; 2) other types of existing real estate and movable property (availability, concentration and qualitative and quantitative parameters). Large scales of poor quality of housing conditions (the main dwelling) of families with children have been revealed, which for the rural families significantly exceed the indicators recorded for the urban families. It is shown that the quality of housing conditions for families with children depends not only on living in urban or rural areas, but also on the size of settlements: the smaller the settlements, the higher the risks of reducing the quality of housing conditions. Data are presented that allow a comprehensive assessment of the property security of urban and rural families with children, specifying the presence and concentration of different types of property with different quality of housing conditions due to the characteristics of the main dwelling in which families with children live. The results of the study may be in demand for the purposes of updating the national agenda and guidelines in the field of improving the standard of living and quality of life, social policy, well-being of families with children.