The article attempts to consider the conceptual foundations for increasing the innovative and investment attractiveness of agriculture in a municipal district, based on the ideas of the knowledge economy, where the costs of science and the results of intellectual activity play a significant role in creating innovations arising under the influence of knowledge flows. Based on the official data of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation and its territorial body for the Novosibirsk Region, data from the registers of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "State Variety Commission" and the Federal Institute of Industrial Property as factors influencing the level of innovative activity of farmers, were considered: the state of agricultural science, the activity of patent holders and the level of use of breeding achievements in the Novosibirsk region. An analysis of the structure of internal costs for research and development by funding sources showed that the costs of agricultural science in the Novosibirsk Region for the period 2017-2021 decreased mainly due to a sharp reduction in the source of "own costs". Reducing the cost of agricultural science in the Novosibirsk region means a reduction in the amount of knowledge gained and opportunities to create innovations that arise under the influence of the flow of this knowledge, which ultimately reduces the innovation and investment potential of rural municipal areas that are in close geographical proximity to the centers of Siberian agricultural science . Features of the formation of the institution of intellectual property in agriculture were studied on the basis of data on the number patents of selection achievements and their use in the Novosibirsk region. The analysis showed a low demand for Novosibirsk patents in the region and the lack of mutual interest of science and farmers in concluding license agreements and maintaining them. A clustering of rural municipal districts of the Novosibirsk region according to their innovative and investment attractiveness is proposed.
Modern agro-industrial production is at a stage of development at which there is a change in the model of social production through an increase in the share of production of products of deep processing and a decrease in the share of production of agricultural raw materials. There is a transition to a post-industrial model of the development of society. One of the main tasks in this regard is to increase the efficiency of intersectoral development, within which it is necessary to maintain a balance in the development of agro-industrial production. The main factors stimulating manufacturers to develop other areas, in our opinion, are internal, such as the search for the most effective ways to sell products with high profitability of sales, the implementation of their own development investment programs, and external, for example, the implementation of government support programs. All this contributes to the development of vertical integration processes, which become a necessary condition for the intersectoral development of agro-industrial production. In this regard, there is a need to focus efforts on further effective intersectoral development of such areas as infrastructure (creation of conditions for storage, transportation and delivery of products to the end consumer in the shortest possible time and with an appropriate level of quality), as well as the scientific sphere (creation of conditions for the development of scientific developments in the field of production of raw materials, their processing, packaging, disposal and recycling). It is necessary to direct all efforts to the improvement of technologies, mechanization and automation of production processes in all areas in order to reduce losses, increase the degree of workload of tools and objects of labor and reduce the negative impact on the environment.
The article is devoted to assessing the dynamics of the rating of the regions of the Russian Federation by livestock. The purpose of the study was to determine the sustainability of the positions occupied by the regions in terms of livestock in 1990 and 2022, as the growth rate of cattle affected the change in the rating of regions. Assess how high the growth rate of cattle affected the change in the rating of regions. Methods of logical analysis and statistical data processing were used as research methods. The assessment of the stability of the ranks of the region was carried out using the Spearman coefficient. The assessment of rank correlations showed that the high positions of the region in the number of cattle in 1990 affect the position of the region in 2022, the rank correlation coefficient was 0.74. Also, the assessment of rank correlations indicates that the position of the region in 2022 depends on the rank of the region in terms of the growth rate of the livestock. At the same time, the assessment of the strength of the connection between the ranks of regions calculated by the livestock for 1990 and the ranks of regions by the growth rates of the livestock in 2022 compared to 1990 for various categories of farms showed that for all categories of farms the consistency of ranks is 0.12, the indicator is not statistically significant at the level of 0.05. The regions, which in 1990 occupied high places in the ranking of regions of the Russian Federation for cattle livestock, retain their rather high positions, at the same time; the growth rate of cattle livestock does not affect the preservation of these positions. Those regions that in 1990 occupied not very high positions among the regions of the Russian Federation in the number of cattle, due to the high growth rate (or the safety of the cattle) were able to significantly change their positions in 2022.
The article identifies the factors constraining and stimulating organic agricultural production and, as a consequence, the development of the organic products market at the regional level, and classifies them according to the nature of the impact. For the purpose of a more in-depth analysis of obstacles to organic production, a questionnaire survey of 32 farmers of the Leningrad region was conducted, which showed that with state support and subsidizing of certification costs, 78% of the respondents are ready to engage in organic agriculture. It is revealed that the existing measures of state support for organic farming in the region are not enough, a more significant increase in the number of organic producers would be facilitated by the redistribution of part of the subsidies allocated from the federal and regional budgets from conventional agricultural production to organic, as well as the reduction of the time gap to reimburse farmers for certification costs. In general, the potential for the development of organic agricultural production in the region exists due to the presence of a large number of unused agricultural lands that can be certified for organic farming in an accelerated manner, which in the future can create a good basis for the formation of organic dairy farming.
Development of the organic crop industry is promising in the context of promoting a healthy lifestyle, preserving human and breed-resource potential. The theory of the industry progress is based on several theories and concepts. Among them the concept of sustainable development (Maslow's pyramid of needs in conjunction with the theory of growth limits by D.N. Meadows and the development of the noosphere (anthrop sphere) by V.I. Vernadsky), V. Pareto's optimality theory (optimal alternatives), competition theory and chains of creation values of M.E. Porter, the theory of the process approach, the concept of the product life cycle. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the identification and generalization of the theoretical foundations of the industry formation, the identification of the principles and functional affiliation of the indicators of the effective organic crop production and the identification of promising areas for improving its efficiency. An analysis of the structure of organic crop production in the Russian Federation identified priority crops for growing that are in demand in the corresponding market segment and revealed a trend to expand the range of organic crop production throughout the Russian Federation. Directions for increasing the efficiency of organic crop production are focused on achieving the identified indicators in accordance with their functional affiliation. Obtaining a high level of economic indicators is possible due to the cumulative effect of the implementation of energy and technological ones: an increase in the number of introduction of agricultural innovations, saving production resources by reducing the cost of production, increasing the quality of organic products, maintaining and improving the image of agricultural production ensured by the efficient use of land resources, increasing productivity by product types. Social and environmental indicators are highlighted in the study as fundamental, as they are focused on improving the standard of living and maintaining the natural and ecological balance.
The growing need to improve the economic efficiency of the grain product subcomplex at the regional level in the context of micro zones sets new tasks for the territories, primarily related to the choice of a competitive strategy for the development of the regional economy, which makes it possible to maximize the use of the existing potential The procedure for selecting micro zones of the core of the grain product cluster was carried out by statistical methods of ranking the sum of places and rating on average for the period 2016-2020.in terms of the volume of commodity grains and legumes in physical terms. Studies have identified five agglomerated micro zones of the region with a total share of the regional grain market of 89.21%. The average value of the rating of agglomerated microzones ranges from 1.8 to 3.8 points. The calculated optimal “range” of the confidence interval of the “degree of stability” of municipalities reaches the following ranges: from 3.10 to 7.88 points, agglomeration areas with a stable degree of stability (include 7 right-bank and 7 left-bank municipalities); from 2.08 to 2.94 points are agglomeration areas with a relatively stable average degree of stability (includes 1 right-bank and 4 left-bank municipalities), from 1.07 to 1.88 points are agglomeration areas with a weak degree of stability (includes 2 right-bank 3 left-bank municipalities). The grain product cluster did not include areas from among the agglomerated micro zones with an average value of the share of sale of grains and legumes less than one. In accordance with the results of the observations, one can note the system-forming role of the areas recommended to be included in the core of the cluster. Agricultural enterprises that are part of the regions of "stable stability" as part of the cluster formation of grain specialization can form up to 67.5% of the regional product and provide jobs for up to 3265 people.
The article discusses the role of the fish farming and fish industry in ensuring the country's food security, which served as a theoretical prerequisite for developing a scientific vision of the problem of forming and improving the export-import potential of this industry in Russia. The purpose of the study was to identify the advantages of the export potential of Russian companies in the fishing industry and determine the conditions for the formation of fish imports to comply with the requirements of the country's food security. The study used the methods of the process approach and dialectical links in the development of the fish market to determine trends in supply and demand for fish products; based on the calculation of growth rates and time series, a downward trend in natural volumes of marketable fish was revealed with an increase in the money turnover of fish exports. The relevance of the study is due to the need to improve existing approaches to the implementation of the export-import potential of the country's fishery complex. The scientific novelty lies in the formation of scientific approaches to determining the export-import potential of the fish farming and fish industry, in accordance with which a forecast of the dynamics of exports and imports of fish is formed. The results of the study showed that the growth of fish exports in monetary terms depends on the growing consumer price index for Russian fish products, an increase in export customs duties and fees levied when cargo passes through the customs border. Additionally, the article analyzes export-oriented investment projects of fishing companies and develops a grouping of projects in the context of regional segmentation.
The article is devoted to the issues of achieving sustainable development of rural areas by improving its social component. The social aspect of rural development is fundamental to ensuring the long-term development of rural areas. It is the development of social infrastructure facilities that lays the foundation for the sustainability of rural areas through the formation of high-quality human capital. The necessity of improving the social infrastructure to ensure sustainable development of rural areas is substantiated. The results of a study of the effectiveness of the functioning of social infrastructure facilities in rural areas of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic and ways to improve the activities of objects of social significance, depending on the level of their formation, are presented. The level of development of educational, health and cultural facilities in rural areas of the KBR in the context of municipalities was assessed and a rating of municipalities by the level of development of social infrastructure was compiled. The institutional tools currently used by the state to improve the socio-economic condition of rural areas are considered: the Concept of Sustainable development of rural areas, National programs "Education", "Health Care", "Culture", etc. In addition, the effectiveness of the implementation of the presented state programs for the development of social infrastructure is calculated now and taking into account the proposed measures that determine the sustainability of rural development of the KBR.
It is able to analyze the quality of life of the population of rural areas in the context of the ESG model of automatic development. The analysis of the main factors shaping the living conditions of the population on the basis of statistical data was carried out, a subjective assessment of residents of external factors of vital activity was carried out, and the experience of managing the quality of life in regions where there is an increase or preservation of the population of villages was studied. The importance of state measures is determined, including the development and implementation of programs to support and develop rural areas on the example of several regions – the Udmurt Republic, Perm Krai and Samara Region, in which the positive impact of implemented measures is noted not only on living conditions, but also on population growth. It is concluded that in the Republic of Bashkortostan, according to statistical data, there is an annual decrease in the number of rural population, living conditions are characterized by insufficiently developed infrastructure, relatively high unemployment and poverty, low income, as well as, according to the residents themselves, characterized by low provision of financial and material resources, in areas with high development of mining and the oil industry also has environmental problems. At the same time, according to the authors, the regional measures currently being implemented to support rural areas will have a positive impact, including on the quality of life of the rural population. The study of the quality of life of the rural population and its management is proposed to be carried out from the perspective of the Gez model of economic development, which includes environmental, social and managerial criteria for sustainable development of rural areas and provides an integrated approach to solving socio-economic problems of economically vulnerable territories.
The results of the All-Russian Population Census showed that the rural population continues to decline and is aging rapidly, and the proportion of the working-age population decreased from 59.2% in 2010 to 55.7% in 2021, despite the expansion of the working-age boundaries. The number of rural pensioners employed in the economy is 900 thousand people. In addition, not all citizens are ready to work in agriculture. This is evidenced by the high percentage of graduates of universities and secondary vocational educational institutions who are not working in their specialty. Consequently, resources for replenishing, and even more so expanding the number of workers employed in agriculture among the rural population are very scarce. This suggests that the current demographic dynamics may become a serious limitation in the development of agriculture and ensuring the stability of the country's food market. The only demographic factor that has a positive impact on the development of the agricultural sector is international migration. This dictates the need to adjust the state migration policy and develop a set of measures to attract and consolidate foreign labor migrants in rural areas of the country. To solve the problem of the shortage of highly qualified personnel, it is proposed to introduce a planned distribution of graduates of agricultural educational institutions who have been trained on a budgetary basis. During the period between censuses, such a factor of maintaining the stability of the food supply system, which is directly related to demographic dynamics, as the production of agricultural products in the households of the population, which is associated with the aging of the population and the lack of effective mechanisms for the purchase of agricultural products and infrastructure for its storage, has significantly weakened. This dictates the need to develop a set of measures to stimulate small–scale commercial agricultural production, for which it is proposed to use the experience of Poland.