In agriculture, chemical plant protection products are actively used, which can reduce the level of harmfulness of various pathogens, increase the yield, quality and competitiveness of crop production in the domestic and global markets. Pesticides are packed in containers made of materials that ensure the safety of products and prevent the possibility of environmental pollution at all stages of the circulation of these products. Waste from chemicals belongs to the 3rd and 4th hazard classes, so their disposal is increasingly concerned about the general public, is reflected in various regulatory documents. The responsibility for disposal lies with the manufacturer of chemical products and their consumer. However, currently in the Novosibirsk region, according to the results of the survey, most of the packaging is not disposed of legally, which threatens environmental safety. This area requires increased funding and involvement in the mechanism of state support for plant protection measures in order to adjust the growing conditions of agricultural crops, improve the quality of grain, preserve and increase soil fertility. A system of plant protection waste disposal is proposed, which consists of a chain: agribusiness-operator-utilizer. The agricultural producer prepares the container, the operator provides the collection, the utilizer processes it into finished products. The State regulates and coordinates the activities of the system participants. This approach will ensure the legal disposal of containers to agricultural producers, eliminate the possibility of reusing waste of 5-11 hazard classes, smooth out the negative impact of waste on the environment, and create additional jobs in rural areas.
The article is devoted to the study of the phenomena and processes that determined the development of the rural Non-Black Earth Region in the conditions of a planned, transitional and market economy. The purpose of the study is to assess the results of the implementation of the agricultural development program in the Non-Black Earth Region for 1974-1990. (Programs), establish their impact on transformational changes in the period from entering the market to the present day and determine the likely directions for the development of the situation in the future. Research methodology is statistical analysis of the structure and series of dynamics of socio-economic phenomena in rural areas of the Non-Black Earth Region. The productions, economic and social results of the Program have been established. Targets of the Program by 1990 have not been achieved for any type of agricultural product. The main results of social development were a decrease in the intensity of migration of the rural population from the Non-Black Earth Region, and the achievement of a high level of monetary wages in agriculture. The economic and social consequences of the institutional, industrial and structural post-program transformation of agriculture and rural areas have been established. It was revealed that the production of fiber flax and winter rye crops, traditional for Non-chernozem, is in the stage of degradation. The area of their placement is narrowed down to several regions, and the prospects for restoration are not being considered. There is an excessive territorial concentration and localization of production in pig and poultry farming, uneven development of rural areas, the development of processes of their social desertification. The place of the rural Non-Black Earth Region in the Russian Federation has been determined according to the main production, economic and socio-demographic indicators. Taking into account the current trends and key phenomena, a view on the future of the rural Non-Black Earth Region is briefly formulated.
Currently, digital technologies are successfully transforming into the agricultural sector of the economy and becoming an integral part of its main production processes. World practice and the experience of successful domestic agricultural producers show that the use of modern digital technologies allows us to create optimal organizational and economic conditions that provide a significant increase in productivity and labour productivity, reduce material costs, as well as preserve soil fertility and protect the environment. The article presents an analysis of the effectiveness of the application of the main elements of digital technologies and highlights promising areas of digitalization of production processes in the crop production industry on the example of the educational, scientific and production association "Volga Region", which is a structural division of the Saratov State Agricultural University. The article describes the organizational and information mechanism of crop management developed by the authors on the basis of a digital platform in the conditions of a single economic entity, which can be used at the district and regional levels. The main factors hindering the process of digitalization of agriculture are identified. The interrelation of science, the system of personnel training and production in the application of the digital platform in the agricultural sector of the economy is determined. Based on the author's methodology, calculations of the efficiency of using telematics sensors and fuel consumption sensors are presented, which allow ensuring the economy of diesel fuel and reducing labour costs in the production of crop products. It is concluded that the maximum effect of the use of digital technologies in crop production is achieved with the integrated implementation of the elements of digitalization, since this allows you to automate the monitoring of used land and equipment, increase the efficiency of managerial decision-making in the process of organizing and managing production, minimize production costs and labour costs, and optimally use the resource potential available to the economic entity.
The relevance of the research topic is due to the strategic importance of increasing the productivity of the agro-industrial complex in Russia to ensure national food security and the implementation of the policy of import substitution of food products, as well as to overcome the technological gap in comparison with the world leaders in agribusiness and the fastest exit to stable intensive growth. Currently, a significant technological gap has formed in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation in terms of ensuring the smart growth of agribusiness based on digital technologies and solutions, which negatively affects its production, export potential and financial condition. The purpose of the study is to study the mechanism of incorporation of the organizational and technological paradigm of Industry 4.0 into the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation and to assess the potential of digitalization to ensure smart growth of the industry. In preparing the study, general scientific and philosophical methods of cognition were used, as well as special economic methods based on them. To study the process of incorporation of the organizational and technological paradigm of Industry 4.0, problem-chronological and historical-genetic methods of scientific cognition were used. Methods of analysis and generalization, induction and deduction were used to systematize approaches to the digital economy and assess its impact on the agro-industrial complex. To consider the practical aspects of the application of digital technologies in the field of the agro-industrial complex, SWOT and PEST-analysis methods, as well as expert methods, were used. The validity and reliability of the results of scientific research is achieved due to the correct construction of the research logic. As a methodological basis for the study, we used the scientific and practical works of Russian and foreign scientists in the development of agricultural business, digital economy, public administration in the agricultural sector. Results and key conclusions: Based on the results of the scientific study, it was concluded that the digitalization of the agro-industrial complex in the Russian Federation is proceeding along its own, peculiar path. This is expressed in the fact that the dominant administrative signals and levers of influence are implemented through the Digital Agriculture program, and the strategic goals of digital reform of the agro-industrial complex is the need to overcome technological backwardness and improve the efficiency of business processes in the production and processing of agricultural products, and reducing import dependence on a number of product positions. The main goal of digitalization of the agro-industrial complex in Russia should be a multifunctional virtual marketplace, which includes four platforms for the implementation of specific stakeholder interest groups: Digital Agriculture, Agro Solutions, Competence Center; Experimental digital farms. The main problem points of digitalization of the agro-industrial complex are the lack of funding for projects for digitalization of business processes in agribusiness; shortage of personnel with digital competencies for work in the agro-industrial complex and internal resistance of personnel to digital reforms. Of greatest interest in the development of digital technologies are: UAV complexes and low-orbit satellites for monitoring the state of farmland; the concept of IoT networks for managing agricultural machinery and its autonomous operation; sowing and harvesting robotics tools.
An analysis of the results of programme activities for 2008-2020 is presented. Changes in approaches involving state financial support for agriculture are being considered. Structural changes in the state support system have occurred in the development of agricultural production. A significant reason was the transition from sectoral subsidies to aggregated support measures (the introduction of a "single subsidy"). It is noted that the program-targeted approach did not fully take into account the changes taking place in agriculture under the influence of technological transformation, so the emphasis gradually began to shift to project-process management of the industry, including projects and target programs that determine the vector of state support for the next five years. In addition to the main directions and activities, new or independent subprogrammes were included in the second State Program. New areas of state support appeared or they stood out as independent subprogrammes. In subsequent years, the situation began to change towards a decrease in subsidized activities: their number decreased from 49 to 11. Based on the analysis of structural shifts in the intersectoral distribution of state support, a negative dynamics was determined, the reason for which was the transition from direct measures to support agricultural producers (subsidies for the development of crop production, livestock production) to measures to support the industry as a whole and social infrastructure. At the same time, there has been no significant structural change in the volume of direct support, but it has led to changes in measures for the social development of rural areas.
Article is devoted to research on the state of fixed assets of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), trends and assessment of development prospects. The main results and conclusions of the studies are based on the indicators provided by SahaYakuStat. The article substantiates the need for a technical "revolution" to modernize the fixed assets of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in order to create conditions for the accelerated development of agricultural production as one of the key components of the country's food security and reaching the target targets of the Strategy for Social and Economic Development of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) until 2032 with a target vision until 2050.
The article analyzes the investment development of the agro-industrial complex in recent years. It was noted that Russia is an investment development both in the economy as a whole and in agriculture of many countries, including its closest neighbours - member states. To accelerate the growth of world capital, it is necessary to increase the share of fixed capital formation in GDP from the current level from 21‰ to 28-30 ‰‰. It was eemphasized that in the agro-industrial complex for the last 25 years, the main mechanisms for the implementation of manufacturers' own funds. In agriculture, the peculiarities of the formation of investment sources are a high share of loans in the total volume of resources in comparison with the average indicators in the economy. For investment development, it is necessary to increase the volume of concessional lending attracted to the industry by 3-4 times, respectively, increasing state support for this area. The authors emphasize that it is necessary to ensure the availability of borrowed resources at low rates not for large financially stable companies in the driver regions, but for all agricultural producers, who want to increase their production volumes, modernize and re-equip. In this regard, it is advisable to consider the issue of forming a special investment fund for the agro-industrial complex.
This paper analyzes the current forms of state support for dairy producers in Russia.The issues of industry support are considered not only from the perspective of budgetary transfers, but also the benefits received by producers as a result of the ongoing customs and tariff policy. Using the methodology of the OECD and the World Bank, the amounts and ratios of support in the form of budget transfers and market price support for the period 1995-2020 were determined.The positive effects for the dairy industry from measures related to protection against imports are exhausted, which determines the increasing urgency of increasing the effectiveness of the budget component of support.For budgetary support, the structure is presented in terms of funding sources, types of subsidies, and regions.By types of subsidies, the following indicators have been evaluated: the degree of coverage and even distribution across regions and recipients in connection with key target indicators.Significant disproportions were identified in the distribution of concessional investment credits and subsidies in the form of investment co-financing by regions and individual recipients in relation to the new or reconstructed livestock places created by them.Measures to support small forms of farming, including regional initiatives to support household plots were considered.Cross-country comparisons present measures of support for milk producers used by the leading exporting countries.Recommendations for the authorities are given to adjust the system of industry support and to expand the evaluated indicators when analyzing the effectiveness of certain forms of support.
Long-term sustainable scientific and technological and economic development of the country in many respects depends on the solution of the tasks of digitalization set in the national programs and projects directed to acceleration of digital transformation of society. The research of theoretical and applied aspects of digitalization of agriculture branch is necessary for formation of new administrative concepts and specific models which can form base for adoption of effective strategic decisions by participants of agrarian business. The structure of a digital business model of the agricultural enterprise is defined on the basis of a research of transformation of traditional paradigms of business management (emotional and rational) in the system of concepts of new level which is based on digital technologies. The technical, information and managerial characteristics relating to the evolutionary stages "Agriculture 1.0" – "Agriculture 5.0" are for this purpose revealed and systematized. The process approach used in work allowed defining the basic principle of development and creation of a modern digital business model of the agricultural organization – formation of the corresponding process focused control system. The novelty of a research consists in formation the structure of a digital business model which shows functioning of the agricultural organization taking into account processes of creation of consumer value of production by allocation of its basic elements providing achievement of strategic objectives on the basis of digitalization of technical, information and administrative components of functioning and branch specification of technologies. The management block of the business model includes the functions of digitalization of herd management, animal feeding and accounting, specified in the strategic and operational components. The technical and informational components, as well as the competitive advantages of the business model elements, are grouped and described for the robotization of milking carousels, forage preparation and distribution, manure removal, to maintain the microclimate. Comparison of the received results to the mechanism and assessment of results of functioning of the agricultural organization of the region introducing and developing digital technologies confirms their theoretical and practical importance.
Purpose of the study: determination of the specialization of municipal districts by types of grain crops. The object of the research is agriculture of the municipal districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The work was carried out on the basis of the application of general scientific research methods within the framework of comparative, logical, statistical analysis, as well as using the analysis of structure and dynamics, and graphic interpretation of the results. The work defines the specialization of municipal districts by types of grain crops, the concentration of their production at the regional level. It was revealed that in the republic in recent years there has been a rapid growth in the production of legumes and barley, there is a slowdown in the growth of production of wheat, oats, millet and buckwheat. Districts, the leading industry in which is grain growing, are located in the western and southern parts of the region and in the Trans-Urals, specializing in the production of wheat or wheat and barley or wheat and rye. At the same time, Bashkortostan is one of the main producers of rye, buckwheat and oats in Russia. A cartographic profile of specialization of municipalities of the Republic of Bashkortostan by types of grain crops has been built. A new approach to the development of measures for the exit of the depressed agricultural territories of the Republic of Bashkortostan from the crisis is proposed, which is based on clarifying the specialization and concentration of production by types of grain crops and is associated with the development of a set of innovative measures. The production of buckwheat, oats and legumes is concentrated in the depressed territories of the republic.