The conducted research allows to consistently approach the issue of improving the social and material situation of rural settlement families by creating new jobs and a scientifically based wage system, taking into account the increase in the investment attractiveness of municipalities and improving the district regulatory framework in the sphere of accounting policy of the enterprise in order to legalize the main and additional wages. When addressing socio-economic issues in support of rural development, the State should be guided by the provisions of the International Labour Organization, in particular when setting the minimum wage at the level of the poverty level. The proposed method of calculating the adapted tariff grid based on ranking according to three options, depending on the income of a rural settlement, serves as the basis for calculating prices for products in crop production and animal husbandry when determining the main part of labour remuneration. The amount of wages for the products of plant-growing workers (for example, a tractor driver) is set after receiving the products by multiplying the number of units of production by its price. In animal husbandry (on the example of pig farming), the calculation of workers ' wages is based on the determination of prices for one hundredweight of weight gain for groups of animals. The rating assessment of efficiency and determination of material remuneration based on the labour contribution of plant and livestock workers on the example of the districts of the Saratov region is established on the basis of calculating the percentage of performance indicators of the efficiency criterion (profit received per employee, the ratio of labour productivity growth rates and wage growth rates, productivity (animal husbandry), productivity (crop production), wage intensity) will increase the efficiency of personnel by 3.75‰ and by 50.5‰.‰; the efficiency of wages – by 2.43‰ and 2.44‰ in animal husbandry and crop production, respectively.
Currently, the development of rural areas is one of the priorities of the modern policy of the Government of the Russian Federation. In 2003-2013, the federal target program "Social development of rural areas" was implemented, in 2014-2017 – the departmental program "Sustainable development of rural areas for the years and for the period up to 2020" [2]. On June 4, 2019, a new state program "Integrated development of rural areas for 2020-2025" was approved. In accordance with this and other federal programs, programs for the development of rural areas are also being developed at the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In the Republic of Bashkortostan, the state program "Integrated Development of Rural Territories of the Republic of Bashkortostan" (as amended on December 8, 2020) was approved by the Decree of the Government of the Republic of Bashkortostan No. 728 of December 12, 2019. Two programs have also been developed for the development of depressed rural south-and north-eastern regions of the republic. However, the effectiveness of these programs due to both objective and subjective reasons leaves much to be desired. This is one of the reasons for their prolongation initially until 2020, and now-until 2024. The authors recommend that for a more detailed and realistic analysis of the socio-economic situation in rural areas and to improve the effectiveness of program measures, the system of regional and municipal monitoring of rural areas should be improved by using, along with the data of state censuses, statistics, enterprise reports, the results of regularly recommended sociological studies and surveys of managers, employees of agricultural enterprises, farmers, and the rural population. As a result of the study, the authors substantiate the feasibility of creating a Center for Agricultural Research and Monitoring of Sustainable Rural Development in the Republic of Bashkortostan for purposeful work on the development and adjustment of regional and municipal programs for the socio-economic development of modern rural areas.
The aim of the study is to identify the barriers that prevent the introduction of new technologies in the agricultural sector in Russia and to find possible ways to eliminate them. In connection with this goal, the existing foreign experience of implementing digital technologies was reviewed: «crop mapping system» in the United States, the use of advanced technologies in Switzerland, «Smart Farming» in Ireland. There was also an example of the use of the latest digital technologies in Russia in the framework of the development and implementation of the departmental project «Digital Agriculture», which includes several successive stages. To date, the implementation of this project is given special attention in the framework of the development of a comprehensive State program for the development of the agricultural sector until 2025. It should be noted that the use of digital technologies allows agricultural enterprises to reach a fundamentally new level, which is caused by an increase in production volumes while reducing the level of costs associated, for example, with tillage or with the transfer of many technological processes to a remote level of regulation. In this way, agriculture is gradually becoming more accurate and stable. Today, there is a significant shortage of highly qualified specialists in the application of digital technologies in the agricultural sector. In this regard, it is necessary to pay special attention to the quality training of specialists in the agricultural sector, taking into account digital improvements.
The main driver of economic growth and development of Russia at the beginning of the XXI century was agriculture. However, the results achieved in the agricultural sector were achieved mainly through the use of foreign technologies and state support. Unfortunately, the potential of domestic agrarian science, including economic science, was little in demand during this period, which was not without serious errors in the organizational, economic and scientific-technological mechanism of the agro-industrial complex. All this has led to distortions in structural production between large and small agricultural producers. That is why the role of agrarian economic science in the development and implementation of optimal models in all strategic areas is extremely high. In my opinion, for the next decade, the locomotive of socio-economic progress in Russia will be not so much agriculture as a rural lifestyle and the development of rural territories. Mass resettlement from cities will become a powerful factor in the development of rural areas. The goal of the agricultural business should be not only profit, but also the welfare of workers. A new economic model in agribusiness should launch a modern management model based on a digital environment and distributed registry technology. Ecology in a broad sense and related human health, life expectancy should become the main objects of scientific research. The state of the living environment and human health are the main values of the new economy. In fact, we are talking about the convergence of agriculture and health care, aimed at maintaining human health and preventing diseases.
The aim of the work is to develop a theoretical framework for the management of soil fertility and productivity, which will allow more reasonable management decisions in accordance with the goals of production, economic and social development. The work used methods characteristic of theoretical research, as well as methods of specifically economic research. As a result of the work, a theoretical model of the management of the three-unit category "Fertility + pro-ductility + ecology" was built, including, in particular, its functions, principles and driving forces. Some internal relationships between the elements of the system and contradictions were identified; methodological approaches to their implementation were presented. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the theoretical generalization and structuring of knowledge on the management of soil fertility and productivity, taking into account the environmental component. Such an approach to this economic category will contribute to the further development of the theory of the issue, as well as serve as a basis for making informed management decisions at the levels of the economic entity and subject of the federation in order to ensure food self-sufficiency of the regions, and therefore the food security of the country as a whole in the long term.
The article is devoted to the necessity and possibility of forming agro-industrial clusters, the main directions of their development in order to increase the efficiency of agro-industrial production, its modernization based on the introduction of modern scientific and technical achievements, digitalization and strengthening of relations both within the agro-industrial complex and with other sectors and spheres of the economy, state structures and other interested participants in technical-technological, production-agricultural, financial-economics and other areas of interaction. Based on the fact that all foreign and domestic experience of the cluster approach to the development of agro-industrial complex has shown its effectiveness, the authors studied the experience of forming agro-industrial clusters in the regions of Siberia, identified their shortcomings and considered the prospects for development. The results of the study showed that agro-industrial clusters are being created in each region of the Siberian Federal District, but this experience is not successful everywhere. The system of relationships between cluster participants has not been worked out, long-term technological connections have not been established, the possibilities of modern information technologies are not used enough, etc. Studies have also shown that, taking into account the peculiarities of the Siberian regions, their location and others, there are favourable opportunities for the cluster development of the agro-industrial complex, the formation of innovative and specialized industry clusters at the regional, interregional, inter-municipal and interstate levels, as well as multi-industry clusters at the local level. The authors propose the main directions of development of agro-industrial clusters in the regions of the Siberian Federal District, including for the production of environmentally friendly products, strengthening relationships between cluster participants, innovative development of production, taking into account the possibilities of modern information technologies and digitalization of the agro-industrial complex.
The article considers the anti-crisis potential of integration processes in the agricultural sector of the economy. The analysis of the essence of the main types of integration of socio-economic systems is carried out. By means of critical generalizations, the conceptual and categorical apparatus of integration is clarified. The main elements of the integration potential of the agro-industrial complex and some effects that confirm the feasibility of its implementation at the regional and national levels are presented. The central link is defined as economic integration, which is a multi-level system that connects the individual stages of production processes. The typology of integration in the agricultural sector of the economy is improved, which is based on the forms of socialization of production, takes into account the level of the economic system, the purpose of cooperation, the nature of relations and the order of capital movement between the participants of integration relations. The main directions of integration interaction of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex are considered.
Approved in February 2019, the "Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2025" connects the development of agriculture of border geostrategic territories with consumer cooperation. State support and limited own means of producers lead to the creation of consumer cooperatives, the distinctive characteristics of which are, in addition to the purpose of the activity (meeting the material and other needs of the members of the cooperative), joint subsidiary liability, voting on the principle: one member - one vote, distribution of the result and restriction in the activities of associate members. The prevailing interests of associate members lead to an orientation towards investors, that is, capital gains. The creation and functioning of cooperatives should not be formal; true cooperatives could and should improve the efficiency of the production and financial activities of small forms of management of frontier geostrategic territories. In the process of creating a cooperative, it is necessary to strive for homogeneity of its members, since the performance and life expectancy of the cooperative are significantly influenced by the interests of its members and the constantly changing conditions of the external environment. Cooperatives arise only under the influence of urgent need; they cannot be created "from above" using administrative resources. When joining a cooperative, potential members should be clear about what problems can be solved by participating in the cooperative. The principles of the creation and functioning of cooperatives, as reflected in the current federal law, do not fully reflect the specifics of cooperative organizations. The joint subsidiary responsibility of the cooperative members for its obligations and law enforcement practices in this area limit the spread of cooperatives in the industry. Foreign experience demonstrates the possibility of limiting additional responsibility, as well as the presence of cooperatives without additional responsibility.
The article investigates the dynamics of world production of various types of meat (Wild game, Duck, Horse, Camel, Goose and guinea fowl, Sheep and Goat, Beef and Buffalo, Pigmeat) from 1961 to 2018 by main countries and regions (Russia, Oceania, Africa, Central America, South America, North America, Europe and Asia), as well as – global maps (for 2018) of meat consumption per capita in general and by type of meat. Based on the results of the OECD agricultural statistics databases (a collection of agricultural statistics that serve as the basis for quantitative assessment and analysis of the agricultural economy), forecasts of world meat production for the period 2021-2029 were analyzed, taking into account actual and expected changes in consumption by groups of countries (developed countries and countries that are developing). Based on actual data on the development of the world meat market and forecasts of agricultural statistics from the OECD, the probable risks and uncertainties affecting world meat markets in the next decade have been identified.
Peasant farms (PF) belonging to small forms of farming are equal subjects of agribusiness, since they are engaged in the food sector of the agro-industrial complex. They account for 10‰ of agricultural output. Effective management of the peasant (farm) economy is possible only if there is complete information characterizing all aspects of economic activity. The main source of operational and objective information in the development of production, the performance of business operations is accounting and reporting. Peasant (farm) farms independently determine the forms and method of accounting. The legal form of peasant farms will determine the difficulties associated with choosing the form of accounting. In order to identify areas for improving the quality of analytical support for PF activities, the authors assess the modern level of accounting organization and analyze the activities of peasant (farm) farms in the Saratov region. On the basis of the evaluation, the shortcomings of the existing accounting procedure were formulated and recommendations were made on the organization of accounting, which made it possible to increase the analyticity of the generated information. It was concluded that the composition of the reporting forms on the activities of PF has an impact on the analysis of the economic activities of farms.