This paper analyzes the current forms of state support for dairy producers in Russia.The issues of industry support are considered not only from the perspective of budgetary transfers, but also the benefits received by producers as a result of the ongoing customs and tariff policy. Using the methodology of the OECD and the World Bank, the amounts and ratios of support in the form of budget transfers and market price support for the period 1995-2020 were determined.The positive effects for the dairy industry from measures related to protection against imports are exhausted, which determines the increasing urgency of increasing the effectiveness of the budget component of support.For budgetary support, the structure is presented in terms of funding sources, types of subsidies, and regions.By types of subsidies, the following indicators have been evaluated: the degree of coverage and even distribution across regions and recipients in connection with key target indicators.Significant disproportions were identified in the distribution of concessional investment credits and subsidies in the form of investment co-financing by regions and individual recipients in relation to the new or reconstructed livestock places created by them.Measures to support small forms of farming, including regional initiatives to support household plots were considered.Cross-country comparisons present measures of support for milk producers used by the leading exporting countries.Recommendations for the authorities are given to adjust the system of industry support and to expand the evaluated indicators when analyzing the effectiveness of certain forms of support.
Long-term sustainable scientific and technological and economic development of the country in many respects depends on the solution of the tasks of digitalization set in the national programs and projects directed to acceleration of digital transformation of society. The research of theoretical and applied aspects of digitalization of agriculture branch is necessary for formation of new administrative concepts and specific models which can form base for adoption of effective strategic decisions by participants of agrarian business. The structure of a digital business model of the agricultural enterprise is defined on the basis of a research of transformation of traditional paradigms of business management (emotional and rational) in the system of concepts of new level which is based on digital technologies. The technical, information and managerial characteristics relating to the evolutionary stages "Agriculture 1.0" – "Agriculture 5.0" are for this purpose revealed and systematized. The process approach used in work allowed defining the basic principle of development and creation of a modern digital business model of the agricultural organization – formation of the corresponding process focused control system. The novelty of a research consists in formation the structure of a digital business model which shows functioning of the agricultural organization taking into account processes of creation of consumer value of production by allocation of its basic elements providing achievement of strategic objectives on the basis of digitalization of technical, information and administrative components of functioning and branch specification of technologies. The management block of the business model includes the functions of digitalization of herd management, animal feeding and accounting, specified in the strategic and operational components. The technical and informational components, as well as the competitive advantages of the business model elements, are grouped and described for the robotization of milking carousels, forage preparation and distribution, manure removal, to maintain the microclimate. Comparison of the received results to the mechanism and assessment of results of functioning of the agricultural organization of the region introducing and developing digital technologies confirms their theoretical and practical importance.
Purpose of the study: determination of the specialization of municipal districts by types of grain crops. The object of the research is agriculture of the municipal districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The work was carried out on the basis of the application of general scientific research methods within the framework of comparative, logical, statistical analysis, as well as using the analysis of structure and dynamics, and graphic interpretation of the results. The work defines the specialization of municipal districts by types of grain crops, the concentration of their production at the regional level. It was revealed that in the republic in recent years there has been a rapid growth in the production of legumes and barley, there is a slowdown in the growth of production of wheat, oats, millet and buckwheat. Districts, the leading industry in which is grain growing, are located in the western and southern parts of the region and in the Trans-Urals, specializing in the production of wheat or wheat and barley or wheat and rye. At the same time, Bashkortostan is one of the main producers of rye, buckwheat and oats in Russia. A cartographic profile of specialization of municipalities of the Republic of Bashkortostan by types of grain crops has been built. A new approach to the development of measures for the exit of the depressed agricultural territories of the Republic of Bashkortostan from the crisis is proposed, which is based on clarifying the specialization and concentration of production by types of grain crops and is associated with the development of a set of innovative measures. The production of buckwheat, oats and legumes is concentrated in the depressed territories of the republic.
The formation of a sustainable trend in the development of rural areas should be carried out on the basis of a comprehensive assessment of the state and development of the entrepreneurial and resource potential of the agro-industrial complex, taking into account modern transformation processes, accompanied by the development of integration and cooperation processes. The purpose of the research is to analyze a comprehensive assessment of the development of the potential of economic resources and productivity of rural areas of the Astrakhan region. For the first time, a comprehensive assessment of entrepreneurial potential in the context of socio-economic development of all municipal districts of the Astrakhan region was carried out on the basis of: spatial development of the region; localization of agricultural development zones, carried out taking into account the generalized assessment of the efficiency of the use of the land fund, the sectoral specialization of territories, by districts of the region a generalized assessment of the socio-economic development of municipal districts; formation of the typology of rural areas of the Astrakhan region. As a result of the research, the indicators and criteria for a comprehensive assessment of the development of the potential of the economic resources of rural areas of the region have been substantiated, a list of the main mechanisms for the development of integration processes has been determined.
The article deals with the problem of low accuracy in estimating the share capital of high-tech agricultural organizations by a comparative method. Adjustments to multipliers are considered and proposed, which make it possible to significantly increase the accuracy of estimating the value of share capital due to taking into account differences in the level of intangible assets of agro-industrial complex organizations. The efficiency of standard and adjusted multiples was analyzed based on issue-level data on more than one thousand public agricultural companies using regression analysis. The analysis has revealed that adjustment of EV/EBITDA multiple brings the mot sufficient growth of estimation accuracy (5-6‰) for agricultural machinery and fertilizers industries. An adjustment of EV/ASSETS multiple does not lead to any sufficient growth of estimation accuracy. The most sufficient growth of estimation accuracy is observed for the countries with active support of investments in intangible assets (USA, Europe, Japan, China). The next step would be to incorporate the value of marketing assets and difference in accounting standards for intangible assets into valuation multiples for high-tech agricultural companies.
The most dynamic element of the constantly changing structure of the country's economy is small business. The importance of small businesses in the agricultural sector of the economy is difficult to overestimate, in particular: small entrepreneurship forms a competitive environment, contributes to the flexibility of the market economy, and solves the problems of employment of the population. For the successful functioning of the enterprise in the market, assessing its competitiveness is an objective necessity. Currently, for the successful functioning of an enterprise in the market, the assessment of its competitiveness is an objective necessity. The article is devoted to the substantiation of the management mechanisms and tools necessary to ensure the effective development of small businesses in the agricultural sector and the growth of their competitiveness. The main characteristics of small business entities in the agro-industrial complex, the problems of their development and advantages in comparison with large enterprises are determined. Trends in the development of small forms of farming in rural areas are described, and the reasons for quantitative and structural changes in their totality are clarified. The economic potential and the main results of the activities of small businesses in the production and sale of agricultural products are analyzed. The conditions and main directions of successful development of small businesses in rural areas are defined. Based on the results of the research, a set of proposals has been developed, the practical implementation of which will improve the efficiency of managing the development of agricultural business entities at the national, regional and local levels
Over recent years Russian agri-food complex increases production of goods and their export. Production system of the national agri-food complex in the investment and innovative development is inferior to the leading countries of the world and maintains dependency on the import of technologies and production means. This determines the simulation character of the innovative activity, while western companies introduce the advanced technologies. In order to reduce the lag, we need a transfer to the accelerated development. Nowadays, the integrated structures possess the largest investment and innovative potential of development in the production system of agri-food complex. At the same time, production system of agri-food complex in comparison with other production systems is the most regionally focused. This is due to the fact that the significant part of manufactured goods is sent to the regional consumer market. In the process of its production the local materials, labour, land and other natural resources are used, including the territories. Therefore, activity of the economic entities of agri-food complexes has great influence on the development of the territories of the production location. Traditionally, local enterprises of agri-food system take part in the development of the social infrastructure of rural settlements. However, the interests of the integrated structures, especially interregional and federal, often don’t coincide with the interests of the society and other participants of production system. In its turn, forming of attractive conditions for the business, market potential, purchasing power of the population and stability of production system functioning depend on the social and economic development of the region. At the same time, activity of integrated structures contributed to the strengthening of the united economic space inside the country, saturation of national food market, strengthen competitive positions of the agri-food complex production system.
The article considers the involvement of legislative, by-laws and regulations, in particular, in the agricultural sector of the country's economy, including the sectoral aspect, as the basis of the state scientific and technical policy and the principles of its implementation, aimed at the innovative development of the country. Why: the provisions contained in separate documents concerning the development of agricultural sectors have been clarified: the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and Regulation of Markets for Agricultural Products, Raw Materials and Food for 2013-2020, the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture for 2017 - 2025, the Subprogram «Development of breeding and seed production of potatoes in the Russian Federation», Subprogram «Development of selection and seed-growing of sugar beet in the Russian Federation» Program «Creation of domestic competitive cross meat chickens to produce broilers», Subprogram «Development of the production of feeds and feed additives for animals», the Departmental target program «Ensuring the General conditions of the functioning of the branches of agro-industrial complex», the Departmental target program «Scientific and technical support for the development of agro-industries», draft Concept for the development of innovative activities in the agro-industrial complex of Russia.
The issue of developing strategic agricultural planning, which today is associated with solving fundamentally new tasks in the field of food security of the country aimed at ensuring rational consumption standards, is considered. The situation is complicated by the unprecedented pressure of various challenges and threats on the development of the industry and production. Scientists recommend looking for an exit out of it based on a more complete use of the competitive advantages of the agricultural activities of the regions. The author proposes to emphasize those strategic advantages, the intensification of which allows ensuring the production of agricultural products more cost-effective for producers and cheaper and better for consumers. For these purposes, the author has improved the methodology, the essence of which is a comprehensive assessment of the competitive advantages of the regions, their participation in the formation of physical and economic accessibility of products and the optimization on this basis of the structure of location of agricultural production, the volume of which at the federal level is pre-linked with rational consumption standards by type of products. The methodology becomes an effective tool for supporting strategic decisions on the territorial planning of the industry.
The complexity of determining the effectiveness of the information systems is that, firstly, the results of information systems do not always receive economic expression and, secondly, it is not always easy to single out the result of the influence of the information system on the result of the “metasystem” for which the information system is intended and created. Three classes of information systems have been identified: 1) systems of an economic nature, that is, those when the result of a metasystem can be measured by cost indicators (revenue, turnover, profit, etc.); 2) systems of a non-economic nature, when the result of the metasystem cannot be measured by cost indicators; 3) mixed systems. Relevant examples are provided for systems in agriculture and rural development. Further, information systems of an economic nature are subdivided into two subclasses, depending on whether their result can be distinguished from the general economic result of the metasystem or not. For economic systems of the first subclass, the well-known indicators for evaluating an investment project are applicable. For economic systems of the second subclass, a method of comparable assortment and comparable prices is proposed, and the corresponding formulas are given. For systems of a non-economic nature, where the results cannot be measured by economic indicators, but can be measured by a single effective indicator (or summarized into a single indicator using weights), the calculation of efficiency is proposed, that is, the value of the indicator of the results obtained per unit of cost. For systems of a non-economic nature, it is proposed to use the indicator of technical efficiency, which is understood as the ratio of the achieved results to the planned or maximum possible results of the given system at the given costs. The paper describes such methods for assessing technical efficiency as the "data envelopment analysis" and "the method of stochastic frontier production function".