The branch of agriculture is almost the only one of all branches that provides the population of the country with food. The country's food security depends on its effective development. Therefore, it is contrary to common sense to adopt some laws and regulations on the bankruptcy of agricultural organizations. During the reform period in agriculture, half of the farms went bankrupt, which significantly affected the decline in agricultural production. In this regard, it is necessary to ensure the bank-free functioning of agricultural organizations. Measures to improve the health of organizations should come to the fore. There are external and internal mechanisms for improving the health of agricultural organizations. Of particular importance is the pricing system for both agricultural products and the material and technical means supplied to it. Other areas for improving the efficiency of agricultural enterprises may include irrigation systems, increasing fertility, and agricultural risk insurance.
Potatoes and vegetables are important food items for humans. The current production volumes of these products do not meet the needs of residents of the Siberian regions in accordance with the recommended medical standards. The lack of its own vegetable products and potatoes is covered by imports from countries near and far abroad, but the incoming products are not always of proper quality in terms of the content of nitrates, pesticides and other harmful elements, which can harm the health of the population. The situation needs to change, namely, it is necessary to increase the consumption of vegetables and potatoes to the level of the recommended physiological norms of consumption, while providing the population with useful, high-quality products. The article considers the current state of vegetable and potato production in the Siberian Federal District for 2015-2020. The comparison of the fund of consumption and production of vegetables and potatoes is made. Studies have shown that most of the production is concentrated in the personal subsidiary farms of the population, which distinguishes our country and the Siberian regions in particular from developed countries. In our opinion, for the sustainable development of vegetable and potato growing in the region, achieving food independence for vegetables and potatoes in the Siberian Federal District, it is necessary to increase the production of these products in large agricultural organizations, which will increase the commercial production of vegetables and potatoes of proper quality. To do this, it is necessary to actively introduce innovative technologies for the production and processing of vegetables and potatoes, to bring new knowledge to agricultural producers. It is important to revive domestic seed production in order to provide the industries with high-quality seeds of vegetable crops and potatoes adapted to local conditions, which will allow achieving import substitution.
The article suggests that the assessment of the scientific and technological development of grain production should be based on the efficiency of the use of production factors: labour, capital, land. Indicators – productivity, capital productivity, productivity-allow you to evaluate the resulting efficiency when introducing new technologies into production. It is shown that the accelerated scientific and technological development of the industry is possible only with high (above the average industry) efficiency indicators of all factors of grain production at the same time. In Russia, this is achieved only in the Southern Federal District. Based on the analysis, it was revealed that in the grain industry of our country there is an increase in the innovative activity of farms in the form of an increase in the cost of technological innovations by more than 6 times in 5 years, an increase in the share of organizations engaged in technological innovations in crop production – by 2 times and the level of innovative activity of organizations engaged in crop production by 14.3‰. Despite the positive dynamics in many indicators of scientific and technological development of the industry, there are a number of problems that hinder it: a low level of innovative activity of agricultural producers; insufficient amounts of mineral and organic fertilizers; underdevelopment of the Russian seed market; lack of highly qualified specialists able to work with modern information technologies in grain production and scientists in the field of agricultural sciences; high cost of grain production. Promising areas of scientific and technological development of the grain industry are the creation of new business models in the selection of grain crops; the development of a " digital foundation "for the digitalization of the industry; the introduction of new" package " solutions to the market (agrochemistry + seeds with varietal technology + digital platforms) and stimulating demand for agrobiotechnologies.
In agriculture, chemical plant protection products are actively used, which can reduce the level of harmfulness of various pathogens, increase the yield, quality and competitiveness of crop production in the domestic and global markets. Pesticides are packed in containers made of materials that ensure the safety of products and prevent the possibility of environmental pollution at all stages of the circulation of these products. Waste from chemicals belongs to the 3rd and 4th hazard classes, so their disposal is increasingly concerned about the general public, is reflected in various regulatory documents. The responsibility for disposal lies with the manufacturer of chemical products and their consumer. However, currently in the Novosibirsk region, according to the results of the survey, most of the packaging is not disposed of legally, which threatens environmental safety. This area requires increased funding and involvement in the mechanism of state support for plant protection measures in order to adjust the growing conditions of agricultural crops, improve the quality of grain, preserve and increase soil fertility. A system of plant protection waste disposal is proposed, which consists of a chain: agribusiness-operator-utilizer. The agricultural producer prepares the container, the operator provides the collection, the utilizer processes it into finished products. The State regulates and coordinates the activities of the system participants. This approach will ensure the legal disposal of containers to agricultural producers, eliminate the possibility of reusing waste of 5-11 hazard classes, smooth out the negative impact of waste on the environment, and create additional jobs in rural areas.
The article is devoted to the study of the phenomena and processes that determined the development of the rural Non-Black Earth Region in the conditions of a planned, transitional and market economy. The purpose of the study is to assess the results of the implementation of the agricultural development program in the Non-Black Earth Region for 1974-1990. (Programs), establish their impact on transformational changes in the period from entering the market to the present day and determine the likely directions for the development of the situation in the future. Research methodology is statistical analysis of the structure and series of dynamics of socio-economic phenomena in rural areas of the Non-Black Earth Region. The productions, economic and social results of the Program have been established. Targets of the Program by 1990 have not been achieved for any type of agricultural product. The main results of social development were a decrease in the intensity of migration of the rural population from the Non-Black Earth Region, and the achievement of a high level of monetary wages in agriculture. The economic and social consequences of the institutional, industrial and structural post-program transformation of agriculture and rural areas have been established. It was revealed that the production of fiber flax and winter rye crops, traditional for Non-chernozem, is in the stage of degradation. The area of their placement is narrowed down to several regions, and the prospects for restoration are not being considered. There is an excessive territorial concentration and localization of production in pig and poultry farming, uneven development of rural areas, the development of processes of their social desertification. The place of the rural Non-Black Earth Region in the Russian Federation has been determined according to the main production, economic and socio-demographic indicators. Taking into account the current trends and key phenomena, a view on the future of the rural Non-Black Earth Region is briefly formulated.
Currently, digital technologies are successfully transforming into the agricultural sector of the economy and becoming an integral part of its main production processes. World practice and the experience of successful domestic agricultural producers show that the use of modern digital technologies allows us to create optimal organizational and economic conditions that provide a significant increase in productivity and labour productivity, reduce material costs, as well as preserve soil fertility and protect the environment. The article presents an analysis of the effectiveness of the application of the main elements of digital technologies and highlights promising areas of digitalization of production processes in the crop production industry on the example of the educational, scientific and production association "Volga Region", which is a structural division of the Saratov State Agricultural University. The article describes the organizational and information mechanism of crop management developed by the authors on the basis of a digital platform in the conditions of a single economic entity, which can be used at the district and regional levels. The main factors hindering the process of digitalization of agriculture are identified. The interrelation of science, the system of personnel training and production in the application of the digital platform in the agricultural sector of the economy is determined. Based on the author's methodology, calculations of the efficiency of using telematics sensors and fuel consumption sensors are presented, which allow ensuring the economy of diesel fuel and reducing labour costs in the production of crop products. It is concluded that the maximum effect of the use of digital technologies in crop production is achieved with the integrated implementation of the elements of digitalization, since this allows you to automate the monitoring of used land and equipment, increase the efficiency of managerial decision-making in the process of organizing and managing production, minimize production costs and labour costs, and optimally use the resource potential available to the economic entity.
The relevance of the research topic is due to the strategic importance of increasing the productivity of the agro-industrial complex in Russia to ensure national food security and the implementation of the policy of import substitution of food products, as well as to overcome the technological gap in comparison with the world leaders in agribusiness and the fastest exit to stable intensive growth. Currently, a significant technological gap has formed in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation in terms of ensuring the smart growth of agribusiness based on digital technologies and solutions, which negatively affects its production, export potential and financial condition. The purpose of the study is to study the mechanism of incorporation of the organizational and technological paradigm of Industry 4.0 into the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation and to assess the potential of digitalization to ensure smart growth of the industry. In preparing the study, general scientific and philosophical methods of cognition were used, as well as special economic methods based on them. To study the process of incorporation of the organizational and technological paradigm of Industry 4.0, problem-chronological and historical-genetic methods of scientific cognition were used. Methods of analysis and generalization, induction and deduction were used to systematize approaches to the digital economy and assess its impact on the agro-industrial complex. To consider the practical aspects of the application of digital technologies in the field of the agro-industrial complex, SWOT and PEST-analysis methods, as well as expert methods, were used. The validity and reliability of the results of scientific research is achieved due to the correct construction of the research logic. As a methodological basis for the study, we used the scientific and practical works of Russian and foreign scientists in the development of agricultural business, digital economy, public administration in the agricultural sector. Results and key conclusions: Based on the results of the scientific study, it was concluded that the digitalization of the agro-industrial complex in the Russian Federation is proceeding along its own, peculiar path. This is expressed in the fact that the dominant administrative signals and levers of influence are implemented through the Digital Agriculture program, and the strategic goals of digital reform of the agro-industrial complex is the need to overcome technological backwardness and improve the efficiency of business processes in the production and processing of agricultural products, and reducing import dependence on a number of product positions. The main goal of digitalization of the agro-industrial complex in Russia should be a multifunctional virtual marketplace, which includes four platforms for the implementation of specific stakeholder interest groups: Digital Agriculture, Agro Solutions, Competence Center; Experimental digital farms. The main problem points of digitalization of the agro-industrial complex are the lack of funding for projects for digitalization of business processes in agribusiness; shortage of personnel with digital competencies for work in the agro-industrial complex and internal resistance of personnel to digital reforms. Of greatest interest in the development of digital technologies are: UAV complexes and low-orbit satellites for monitoring the state of farmland; the concept of IoT networks for managing agricultural machinery and its autonomous operation; sowing and harvesting robotics tools.
An analysis of the results of programme activities for 2008-2020 is presented. Changes in approaches involving state financial support for agriculture are being considered. Structural changes in the state support system have occurred in the development of agricultural production. A significant reason was the transition from sectoral subsidies to aggregated support measures (the introduction of a "single subsidy"). It is noted that the program-targeted approach did not fully take into account the changes taking place in agriculture under the influence of technological transformation, so the emphasis gradually began to shift to project-process management of the industry, including projects and target programs that determine the vector of state support for the next five years. In addition to the main directions and activities, new or independent subprogrammes were included in the second State Program. New areas of state support appeared or they stood out as independent subprogrammes. In subsequent years, the situation began to change towards a decrease in subsidized activities: their number decreased from 49 to 11. Based on the analysis of structural shifts in the intersectoral distribution of state support, a negative dynamics was determined, the reason for which was the transition from direct measures to support agricultural producers (subsidies for the development of crop production, livestock production) to measures to support the industry as a whole and social infrastructure. At the same time, there has been no significant structural change in the volume of direct support, but it has led to changes in measures for the social development of rural areas.
Article is devoted to research on the state of fixed assets of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), trends and assessment of development prospects. The main results and conclusions of the studies are based on the indicators provided by SahaYakuStat. The article substantiates the need for a technical "revolution" to modernize the fixed assets of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in order to create conditions for the accelerated development of agricultural production as one of the key components of the country's food security and reaching the target targets of the Strategy for Social and Economic Development of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) until 2032 with a target vision until 2050.
The article analyzes the investment development of the agro-industrial complex in recent years. It was noted that Russia is an investment development both in the economy as a whole and in agriculture of many countries, including its closest neighbours - member states. To accelerate the growth of world capital, it is necessary to increase the share of fixed capital formation in GDP from the current level from 21‰ to 28-30 ‰‰. It was eemphasized that in the agro-industrial complex for the last 25 years, the main mechanisms for the implementation of manufacturers' own funds. In agriculture, the peculiarities of the formation of investment sources are a high share of loans in the total volume of resources in comparison with the average indicators in the economy. For investment development, it is necessary to increase the volume of concessional lending attracted to the industry by 3-4 times, respectively, increasing state support for this area. The authors emphasize that it is necessary to ensure the availability of borrowed resources at low rates not for large financially stable companies in the driver regions, but for all agricultural producers, who want to increase their production volumes, modernize and re-equip. In this regard, it is advisable to consider the issue of forming a special investment fund for the agro-industrial complex.