In the context of a slowdown in economic growth caused by COVID-19, a decrease in the effective demand of the population, measures of state support for rural areas are of particular importance. Traditionally, the Ministry of Agriculture is the main body providing the largest amount of support to agricultural producers and rural areas. In this article, the authors emphasize that in addition to direct measures of state support, measures of indirect support are being implemented both from the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation and from other federal executive bodies. The authors analyze the implemented measures of indirect support within the framework of a number of state programs and federal targeted programs of various federal executive bodies (Ministry of Health, Ministry of Construction and Housing and Public Utilities, Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology, and others). Also, an analysis of state support for rural areas and agglomerations in the context of federal executive authorities and spheres of influence was carried out. The article emphasizes that 27% is the share of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation within the framework of state support measures for rural areas and agglomerations, in the context of federal executive authorities, while in terms of sphere of influence the share of the Ministry of Agriculture is 24%. At the same time, there is heterogeneity in the provision of support: significantly more measures are being implemented in the field of education, health care, various types of infrastructure, sports, culture and housing. To a lesser extent, state support measures for rural areas and agglomerations affect the development of energy, tourism, environmental projects, as well as projects aimed at promoting employment.
The article analyzes the possibility of constructing a multi-factor model of the market price for milling wheat of Russian production. Today the world market for agricultural products is a complexly organized system with its own infrastructure, financial institutions, price indicators and market makers. With the process of complicating the organization of the market itself, there was a complication in the determination of the market price and price indicators of the market. The pricing of agricultural products is complex and reflects the impact of the entire world economy. Today, the market price of an agricultural crop is the result of the interaction of many pricing factors that arise in various spheres of social life (production, exchange, consumption). The object of the research of the article is the factors influencing the fluctuations in the market price for Russian food wheat. As macroeconomic factors stand out: the final stocks of grain, indicators of gross harvest, seasonality, economic conditions, fluctuations in the price of processed products, exchange rate. The aim of the study is to establish the relationship between the highlighted macroeconomic factors and the price of Russian wheat on the basis of delivery FOB Novorossiysk as an indicator of the export price and CPT Novorossiysk as an indicator of prices in the domestic market. The time horizon of the analyzed historical data is 5 years. The authors see the validity of maximizing the reduction of variables in the multivariate model, since a large number of variables complicates the selection of the optimal solution. After analyzing the dependence of factors and historical data on market prices for food wheat, the author's version of a multivariate model for forecasting the market price is proposed.
The modern stage of the functioning of agriculture is characterized by a relatively large number of projects and state support programs. At the same time, it is not possible to assess the practice of state support for producers of domestic vegetables as systemic, complex. In the pursuit of increasing quantitative, extensive indicators of agricultural development, the issues of the organizational and economic mechanism of state support for the development of vegetable growing remain poorly studied. This work identifies the modern concepts that are used in the Russian Federation to implement the import substitution policy, and considers the most important indicators of the development of the vegetable industry in conjunction with its share of state support. The article shows the dynamics of the combined effect and effectiveness of state support for vegetable production in Russia, the cyclical effectiveness of state support for vegetable production enterprises in Russia. The author attempted a scientific analysis and critical understanding of the problem of improving the organizational and economic mechanism of state support for the development of vegetable production.
This article is devoted to the assessment of the condition and possibilities of increasing the sustainability of agriculture as a basic industry for most subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District of the Russian Federation (NCFD). The chronic socio-economic, technical and technological lag of the subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District from other regions and territorial formations of the country is explained by the use of not always reasonable management tools for its multi-layered agricultural sector of the economy. In this regard, significant adjustments of conceptual approaches to the development of agriculture are needed, based on a detailed analysis and inclusion in active economic activity of all accumulated resources and advantages in the industry. In the Strategies of socio-economic development of the subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District, certain steps have already been taken at the regional level: the development of innovations in production and processing, the use of advanced breeding and seed systems in crop production and animal husbandry, vertical and horizontal cooperation, etc. The main directions and ways of ensuring the sustainability of their agricultural activities have been developed and identified. At the federal level, the main instrument of influence is state support. Therefore, the efforts of the federal center should be aimed not only at increasing the volume of state support, but also at stimulating the financial and economic activity of commodity producers at all levels of the management hierarchy, focusing on small agricultural businesses and households through their integration cooperation with large and medium-sized entrepreneurs. Within the framework of this study, a methodological approach has been developed for comparing comparable indicators of the analysis of the use of state support for agriculture in the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District and correlating them with indicators characterizing the effectiveness of the use of these funds by indicators of federal and regional state support.
The problem of developing and implementing innovative products in the field of agro-industrial complex can be partially solved by creating the concept of innovative development for the medium and long term (until 2035). The article defines the purpose, conceptual problems, working hypothesis, functions, principles, architectonics and the main mechanisms for its implementation. The main barriers to innovation transformation in the industry related to inefficient communication between the real sector of the economy, science and federal executive bodies are listed. In this regard, the main methodological breakthroughs in the field of innovation management (legal support, development of innovative infrastructure, training and retraining of personnel, information and financial support), the creation of a center for monitoring, forecasting and expertise of projects are listed. The importance of the national project "Science" and the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture for 2017-2025 (further - FNTP) for the creation of innovative infrastructure in the field of agriculture is shown. Approaches to attracting development institutions were considered: Roselkhozbank JSC and Rosagrolising JSC at the stage of creating breeding and seed (breeding) centers, commercialization of scientific developments, lending to developers of new technologies. The work justified the need to clarify promising directions of innovative development of agro-industrial complex and in the development of special mechanisms: organizational and economic, technical and technological and marketing blocks. The feasibility has been proved in the development of a new Strategy for the innovative development of the agro-industrial complex of Russia for the period up to 2035 years, in accordance with the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation "(Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 02.07.2021 No. 400) and the program of basic scientific research in the Russian Federation for the long term (2021-2030). It was shown that the systematic implementation of measures to transfer the country's agro-industrial complex to an innovative development path will make it possible to make a breakthrough in the field of production, storage and processing agricultural products.
Based on statistical data, the article reveals the impact of agriculture on the economic potential and living standards of the population of the country's agrarian centers. Agriculture developed at a rate slightly higher than the overall economic dynamics in the country in 2010 - 2019. The study also found that the high degree of dependence of the regional economy on the development of agriculture in the period under review did not contribute to an increase in the standard of living of the population of this territory, which is associated with the traditionally low level of wages of workers in this industry. The calculation of deviations from the recommended consumption standards for basic food products in agricultural centers and their comparison with the average values in the country showed that the higher physical availability of food characteristic of agricultural regions does not have a significant effect on the improvement of the diet structure. The low level of wages in agriculture can be regarded as a risk factor for the sustainable development of the Territory. To solve this problem, it is proposed to intensify the work on the popularization of a healthy lifestyle and introduce measures of economic incentives to stop excessive consumption of food.
Agriculture is the most important sector of our country's economy. Its essential role is determined both by natural conditions and the presence of vast land areas, as well as by national traditions and other factors. The development of the agricultural sector is a fundamental factor in ensuring the stability of the Russian economy and an object of state policy at the national and regional levels. The article discusses the features of employment in agriculture, characterized by the influence of various factors. For this, indicators were selected that characterize the employment of the population in agriculture, the main reasons for the declines in employment were identified, and ways of solving these problems were proposed. Thus, the implementation of measures of state support for the agrarian sector, having a positive impact on the overall economic performance of agricultural production, does not lead to a natural increase in the standard of living of the rural population. The problem of employment in agriculture does not lose its relevance, since the level of wages in agriculture is significantly lower than in the economy as a whole. The grouping of Russian regions by the level of employment in agriculture showed that only 5 regions in 2020 entered the group with a high level of employment.
The article assesses the reproduction processes of the machine and tractor fleet of domestic agricultural producers; it is revealed that the rate of retirement (the assessment was carried out for tractors and combine harvesters) outstrips the rate of renewal of agricultural machinery, which leads to an annual and stable reduction in the number of the park. There is observed not only a reduction in the number of the park in absolute terms, but also in terms of its energy capacity. Modern reproduction can be characterized as narrowed, which accordingly hinders the increase in production in agriculture, does not contribute to a massive transition to digital and resource-saving technologies. In this regard, it becomes necessary to search for effective tools aimed at accelerating the reproduction processes in relation to the machine and tractor fleet, as one of the most significant and capital-intensive types of resources. We considered leasing as one of the most effective tools for 2020-2021, determined the role and importance of Rosagroleasing JSC in solving the accelerated reproduction of the machine and tractor fleet, identified possible directions for further renewal of the equipment fleet for all categories of agricultural producers.
In the context of a difficult economic and epidemiological situation, which causes a drop in household income and a decrease in the growth rate of demand for agricultural products in the Russian Federation, it is important to conduct a strategic competitive analysis that allows us to identify the dominant groups of players in the market and assess their level of differentiation of companies in this market. This article summarizes the analysis of the industry "Crop and livestock, hunting and the provision of related services in these areas" based on the official reporting indicators for 2020 in the context of 64 sub-sectors, 36 of which revealed the possible presence of dominant groups of companies. As the main tool, the SV (strength/variety) Matrix was used to assess the level of dominance in the industry based on the concentration index, Lind Index, and the modified Hall-Tideman Index. The conclusions obtained from a detailed analysis of the SV matrix showed that the agricultural industry is quite diverse in terms of the level of differentiation of the dominant groups of players in the market, which suggests that it is necessary to carefully approach the choice of strategic decisions in each described quadrant and to take into account the recommendations proposed by the authors of the SV matrix regarding the behaviour in these markets. The authors also give recommendations on changing the rules for collecting statistical reporting in Russia, so that it is more applicable for use in modern analytical tools.
Oilseeds are of strategic importance for the country's food and national security standards. Oilseeds are raw materials for the production of vegetable oils, and the extraction cake of these crops is an important component of protein in the diet of feeding animals. The purpose of the study is to analyze the organizations of activity 01.11.3 "Growing oilseeds" in accordance with the OKVED in order to assess the possibilities for their further development. Organizations were divided according to the organizational and legal forms, the scale of activity, and the efficiency of production. The study was carried out on the basis of the accounting data of organizations submitted to Rosstat and the Federal Tax Service. The leader of the rating of organizations by activity 01.11.3 "Growing oilseeds" is Amuragrocomplex LLC, its specialization is the cultivation of soybean seeds. The study revealed predominance among organizations of joint-stock companies - 85.05%, micro-organizations with revenue of up to 120 million roubles. - 80.37%, higher efficiency of state unitary enterprises - 95 kopecks per 1 rouble assets; deterioration of efficiency indicators for all organizations except peasant farms; higher opportunities for innovation in joint-stock companies. The risks of losses caused by competition with foreign seed supplies, the level of domestic demand, counterfeit seed supplies are restraining factors in the production of seeds of Russian breeding.