Modern conditions of socio-economic development of rural areas are focused on the implementation of the concept of sustainable development. The service sector, which includes the consumer cooperative system, plays an important role in the transformation of the consumer market. Consumer cooperatives ensure the growth of income of producers and workers in the rural areas where they live through the creation of competitive wholesale food markets. The author identified the factors of economic sustainability formation in order to assess the competitive environment of consumer cooperation organization. The competitiveness of the consumer cooperative consists in the ability to be a participant of the rural market, to create and use competitive advantages in relation to competing retail entities. Based on the presented factors, the competitive advantages of consumer cooperative organizations in rural areas are formulated. Thus, the author's approach is to identify such components of cooperative organizations as social, resource, organizational, qualification, integration, market. The sources of competitive advantages are location, the role of shareholders in the organization of processes, being the owner of the organization. The main trends in the further development of the consumer market of the consumer cooperative system in rural areas are presented and identified. The methodological approach to the assessment of the competitive environment is defined, which consists in the substantiation of the theoretical basis and presentation of the model of sustainable development of organizations of Novosibirsk Regional Consumer Cooperative Union on the basis of regression analysis for 25 organizations located in rural areas. The model of increasing sustainable development on the real organization of consumer cooperation of the Novosibirsk region is developed and tested. Domestic and foreign studies confirm the competitive advantages of consumer cooperatives and predict their sustainable development in rural areas.
For the formation and development of agriculture, as well as any industry, the presence of basic factors is important. The deficit of some and the surplus of others do not contribute to the development of the industry, although it acts as the basis of industry specialization. But for the development of the industry – sustainable long–term growth and high efficiency - an optimal balance between factors is necessary. On the other hand, the presence of such properties of factors as interconnection and substitutability (substitution) allows you to manipulate the volumes of factors – to increase the volume of one (some) with a deficit of some (some), and thereby reduce the so-called "factor predestination". However, even in this case, there are certain proportions between factors formed by production, which not only reduce factorial and overall efficiency in violation of the so-called "natural proportions" between factors, but sometimes prohibit (do not allow) excessive manipulation (substitution) of factors. The formulated provisions are significant for the long-term development of national agriculture in the light of the growing consumption of food and demand for agricultural products and raw materials in the world, with simultaneous increased competition in global agri-food markets, as well as the growing importance of agriculture for the national economy, the state and society.Based on official statistics data for the period 2000-2022, the article analyzes the relationship between the factors "land", "labor" and "capital" in agriculture in Russia, identifies the main dynamic and structural trends in the use of various factors, their ratio, correlation with the dynamics of agricultural production.
The article provides a comprehensive study of the problem of sustainable development of agricultural production in Russia, taking into account the features of structural changes in its resource potential. To increase the validity of the conclusions, it is proposed, in addition to studying changes in the resource structure, to conduct a corresponding analysis of structural changes in the industrial and production spheres. In order to identify short-term and long-term trends in the dynamics of agricultural production and its sustainability, a set of indicators was calculated that characterize structural changes by industry sub complexes, categories of producers and resources used. The use of several indicators is due to the need to use the advantages and compensate for the limitations of each of them for methodological justification, depending on the theoretical and scientific-practical goals of the study. Factors influencing the sustainability of agricultural production in the context of changes in the external economic environment have been identified. The features of sustainable development of agricultural production in connection with structural changes in resource potential are determined. In particular, the most noticeable coincidence of structural dynamics is observed in the sectoral and resource spheres; the sustainable development of agricultural production is also influenced by the implemented measures of state agricultural policy and structural changes in the production sector. An assessment was made of the further dynamics of development of the country's agro-food sector and the resource potential of agricultural production. The greatest impact on the sustainability of agricultural production will be exerted by measures to form and use resource potential, expanding innovation activities and introducing resource-saving technologies, increasing export potential for agricultural products, expanding import substitution processes in the resource sector through the development of domestic production of agricultural resources.
In the article, the authors pay attention to small forms of management, which have recently been increasingly asserting themselves. The analysis conducted by the authors showed that they are the most flexible forms of management, responsive to all changes occurring in all spheres of life. Despite a fierce competition, they confidently continue to develop, occupying their niche in the production of agricultural products. Nowadays, it is of particular interest to study the potential possessed by peasant farm enterprises in our country. Therefore, the article analyzes the use of land resources in peasant farm enterprises of the country, the dynamics of changes in the acreage of crops, the dynamics of the number of livestock. The study allowed us to note that today in the Russian Federation peasant farm enterprises undergo the consolidation as well as the growth of their production potential.
The article examines the state, trends and problems of the development of industrial horticulture in Russia, which is concentrated in agricultural organizations and farms, and suggests ways to solve them. Over the years of the implementation of the State Program for the development of agriculture in these farms, the gross harvest of fruits and berries increased by 1039.7 thousand tons, or 153.3%, the area of orchards and berry fields - by 17.1 thousand hectares, or 11.0%. However, the achieved level of fruit and berry production will not allow ensuring food security in the field of fruit consumption: the level of self-sufficiency is 44.9% with a threshold value of 60.0%, economic accessibility is 63.0% with a standard of 100%. Imports play a significant role in fruit consumption.The reproduction of plantings, that is, the replacement of old orchards and berry orchards and the creation of intensive high-yielding plantations based on horticulture, which will achieve their optimal structure and dramatically reduce the uncollected area of fruit-bearing plantations; the cultivation of high-quality certified planting material of varieties of fruit and berry crops adapted to the conditions, will contribute to an increase in the production of fruits and berries in agricultural organizations and farmsof our country, which will reduce its imports; strengthening the storage base and integration within the enterprise of fruit production, storage and processing, which will make it possible to rationally use all grown fruit and berry products; creation of consumer cooperatives for the storage and sale of fruits; improvement of the state support system for horticulture, providing for an increase in budget allocations and changing the conditions for allocating subsidies.
This article discusses the general economic grounds for analyzing key provisions characterizing the potential for further development of the fisheries industry.The economics of the fishery complex and measures to modernize and intensify its market mechanisms should be inextricably considered in the context of strategic planning for the development of the entire country’s economy, and not just its sectoral level. Fisheries represent a special area of development where the technological combination of completely different types of activities and their synchronized development is of fundamental importance to achieve the goal of its existence - namely, ensuring an adequate food supply for the population while maintaining the economic accessibility of the produced product and food security in general. The methodological systematic approach used made it possible to generate theoretical and applied material for a multi-vector analysis of the specifics of the fishery complex. Consideration of this specificity led to a reasoned rejection of the legally vague concept of a complex in favor of the legally recognized status of the production industry. The major technological innovations that have already found application in the industry and/or other industries are discussed in general terms. Arguments are given for including the fishery complex in the vital economy grouping. The concept of creating a new sub-industry is being put forward - the fish gastroindustry.
The modern concept of sustainable development of agri-food systems requires the harmonization of environmental and socio-economic parameters of their functioning in conditions of increasing natural and climatic changes. The challenge of reducing carbon emissions while maintaining sustainable development is particularly challenging in the livestock sector. The goal is to solve the problem of optimizing the structure of livestock industries with a comprehensive assessment of results according to three criteria: economic (revenue from product sales), environmental (carbon footprint from all types of animals), social (integral discrepancy of per capita consumption of meat by type, milk and eggs relative to recommended medical norms). The analysis of the methodology for solving similar problems abroad showed that a large number of studies are devoted to this problem and they are carried out using the method of mathematical modeling of agri-food systems. The model developed by the authors uses the apparatus of nonlinear optimization of the livestock production structure at the national level and has an integrated modular structure. From the conducted model experiments it follows that the reduction in carbon footprint is directly due to a decrease in the number of dairy and beef cattle, as well as sheep and goats, and to a lesser extent affects the pig and poultry meat industries. These negative effects can be mitigated or compensated by improving technology and regulating the quality of the food supply.Solutions to the problem were obtained using a linear convolution of partial quality criteria for the transformation of the sectoral structure of livestock farming: income growth and compliance of consumption with medical standards at a fixed rate of greenhouse gas emissions in carbon equivalent. The multi-criteria nature of the task of low-carbon transformation of livestock farming gives rise to many Pareto-optimal strategic solutions, a significant part of which does not lead to negative effects of a socio-economic nature. Structural changes in livestock farming make it possible to reduce greenhouse gas emissions without a critical drop in producers' incomes. Further development of the model is possible by improving its information support and simulation capabilities, introducing a technological factor into the model, including a partial equilibrium module in the markets for livestock products and the emerging market of carbon units in the model.
Currently, industries of the agricultural sector are rapidly developing, which is associated with the need to ensure food security and achieve technological sovereignty of agro-industrial production. In such conditions, agricultural enterprises are forced to switch to an innovative path of development to maintain their own competitiveness and increase the efficiency of production processes. The use of modern technologies in production and organization of business processes leads to the transformation of the principles of human capital formation for the agro-industrial complex.In modern conditions, there are a number of restrictions on the development of human capital in the agro-industrial complex and rural areas, including a reduction in the rural population, an uncompetitive level of wages in the agro-industrial complex, and the low impact of digitalization processes on the rural population. At the same time, the use of innovation is a condition for the sustainable development of agricultural enterprises, and human capital is the key factor of the innovation economy. There is currently an increase in the need for innovation of agricultural organizations activities, which leads to increased demand for personnel with the necessary professional competencies from employers.The article presents a model of interaction between the main subjects of the development of the agro-industrial complex in the formation of the need for human capital in the agro-industrial complex, shows modern principles of the formation of human capital in the agro-industrial complex in the conditions of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex, and identifies the features of the transformation of requirements for human capital in the agro-industrial complex, taking into account the great challenges of the Strategy for scientific and technological development of Russian Federation.
Any system - social, economic, political is an evolving process that requires its improvement taking into account new conditions and tasks. This is a complex process that requires a deep scientific study of the decisions taken, which should ensure the achievement of positive results.Significant changes in the conditions of the system's functioning require its reform, which can produce a significant synergetic effect. In this regard, the task of reformers is to use its positive impact and minimise the negative one. At the same time, in the process of implementation of the decisions taken, if necessary, adjustments should be made to eliminate emerging problems. This is the most important function of management. Regarding the agro-industrial complex, non-compliance with this requirement leads to serious socio-economic consequences.
The article is devoted to the issues of price regulation and price relations in the agro-industrial complex in the context of the development of import substitution and technological sovereignty of the country. It is necessary to ensure the financial stability of agricultural producers and expanded reproduction, which largely depend on balanced price relations in the agro-food market. The change in price proportions in one segment of the agro-industrial complex leads to a transformation of the price system throughout the agro-food chain. The article notes that currently the regulation of price relations in the agro-industrial complex is based on two legal acts that do not cover the range of emerging problems related to the formation of the price situation in the agro-food market. The analysis of the price situation showed that over the past five years, the price increase of agricultural producers amounted to 33%, while the prices of producers of industrial goods and services purchased by agricultural organizations increased by 42%, in the food industry – by 44%, and in the consumer market – by 45%. The authors estimated the cost of agricultural products according to the main elements of material costs, which occupy a significant share in the cost structure: mineral fertilizers, fuel, electricity, feed. Recently, there has been a significant increase in spending on these resources. As a result, there was an increase in cost, and producer prices did not compensate for their rise in price and did not provide the necessary level of profitability for the main types of products, which leads to an increase in the number of low-profit and unprofitable organizations. In this regard, the authors propose to develop an organizational and economic mechanism for regulating price relations in the agro-industrial complex and consolidate it with a legal act, and add a block with financial support to the State Program.