Currently, the activities of all sectors of the economy can no longer be imagined without information and communication technologies (digital services, products using information technology, big data, etc.). A necessary condition for the digitalization of agricultural economy branches is their achievement of a high level of informatization and automation in order to increase the economic efficiency of production. This requires a constant search for ways to manage the economic and social changes caused by digital transformation. The topic of agricultural informatization has been discussed at various levels for many years: companies developing information solutions declare bold and far-reaching plans. However, in practice, there are few cases of the introduction of "smart" technologies in the agro-industrial complex of the Novosibirsk region - these are rather point projects than a trend has taken shape. And they are most often implemented by large agricultural conglomerates that have resources; the bulk of the sector's enterprises are not in a hurry to digitalize yet. Today, the agriculture sector of the Novosibirsk region is one of the largest and most significant sectors of the Russian economy. The industry meets the needs of the region in grain and grain products, potatoes and vegetables, eggs, dairy and meat products. Robotization of agricultural production in the Novosibirsk region is a key condition for its digitalization, first of all, it is the introduction of mobile and stationary robotic complexes that can be used in various fields (crop production, animal husbandry, closed soils, the creation of artificial ecosystems similar to natural ones and in many other areas).The use of digital technologies in the management of the agro-industrial complex of the Novosibirsk region is characterized by the active use of specialized databases and software in the agricultural sectors of the region.
The relevance of the topic of research is due to the need to address the issues of food security of the region, as the most influential factor in the quality of life of the population, especially those living in rural areas. The article is aimed not only at reflecting negative trends and identifying problems in the agro-industrial complex of the region, but also at developing conceptual approaches to solving them. The article draws attention to the possibility of changing the situation in the agro-industrial complex of the region due to the transition from medium-term horizons to synchronous long-term planning of sectoral development together with the dominant economic entities, thereby ensuring unity and integrity in achieving the goals and objectives set for the industry. In addition, the improvement of the situation in the agro-industrial complex can be facilitated by a change in state agrarian policy in terms of measures that ensure an accelerated scientific and technological breakthrough. An integrated approach to solving the problem will ultimately lead to the formation and development of the food market of the region, contributing to a qualitative change in the lives of people living in the north-Arctic regions of Russia.
The article tests several hypotheses about the impact of climate contrast on Russian agriculture. Scenario analysis is performed with the help of the VIAPI model – acomputable model built on the PF+PE architecture and reproducing partial equilibrium in the wholesale markets of agricultural products located in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Two scenarios of the future climate are compared, which are defined via the spatial location of natural agricultural zones and the level of world food prices. The scenarios differ in the scale of output divergence caused by the conditions of a specific year. In the basic scenario of the future climate, this divergence corresponds to the actual climate contrast in the period 2015–2019, as observed in each natural agricultural zone; in the “contrast” scenario, the divergence is increased. Hypotheses are accepted that a contrasting climate reduces production volumes and the share of open field crop production in gross agricultural production, and leads to an increase in prices. Hypotheses about a decrease in the profitability of agricultural production and an increase in the turnover of agricultural foreign trade are rejected. All the identified effects are too small to entail development of compensatory adjustments in agricultural policy at the federal level.
The Arctic is becoming the most important sector of the Russian economy, having a synergistic effect on its growth rate. It should be noted that the development of new mineral deposits, the creation of transport infrastructure in extreme climatic conditions, including the development of the Northern Sea Route, is impossible without a thoughtful and balanced personnel policy. It should be taken into account the fact that according to sociological surveys, over 40% of residents would like to change their place of residence from the European north to the more southern regions. The severity of the problem is also aggravated by the fact that in previous years there has been an intensive outflow of the population for thirty years, at the level of 1% per year. Analytical evidence shows that among the reasons the most important factor influencing the negative trend is a decrease in the level of economic availability of food. Practice shows that in order to solve the problem, along with improving the logistical channels of food supply to the north, it is necessary to return to the experience of supporting agricultural production on the spot. Such a measure will provide high-quality food to unprotected segments of the population, on the one hand, and on the other, create competition, and reduce the monopoly influence of suppliers on the formation of market prices. Unfortunately, it should be recognized that the modern mechanism for managing the industry not only does not solve such a problem, but also deliberately puts agricultural producers of the north in worse conditions. Note that, for example, in the EU countries, on the contrary, support for agricultural enterprises operating in difficult climatic conditions is provided in an increased amount. Moreover, the procedure used by us for calculating northern allowances as an instrument of economic management, borrowed from the practice of the Soviet period, on the contrary, extinguishes entrepreneurial activity. Therefore, making adjustments to the current methods of managing agricultural production in the north will solve the problem of economic accessibility of food, and thereby contribute to resolving the personnel issue in the Arctic zone, which is of exceptional importance for the Russian economy as a whole.
The federal project "Export of agricultural products", which is part of the national project on international cooperation and export, sets the task of radically increasing the export potential of the agro-industrial complex. This is one of the strategic priorities of the socio-economic development of the country. To solve this problem, it is necessary to create an effective staffing system, and not only at the level of diplomatic and trade missions, but also at the level of personnel training of export-oriented enterprises, the development of competencies of agricultural specialists. The purpose of the study was to substantiate approaches to improving the staffing of the federal project "Export of agricultural products". The methodological and theoretical bases of the research are the works of domestic and foreign scientists. Abstract-logical, analytical, expert research methods are used to solve the tasks in the work. In connection with the implementation of the federal project "Export of agricultural products", in addition to employees of embassies and trade missions, a significant number of specialists in foreign trade operations in export-oriented organizations of the agro-industrial complex throughout Russia will be required. Moreover, both people professionally engaged in foreign trade activities and employees with competencies in these matters throughout the technological chain. We consider it expedient to consider the issue of training such specialists in professional retraining programs on the basis of institutions of additional vocational education of the agro-industrial complex at the expense of the federal budget. The main task, we see, is to master the meta-competencies that allow students to adapt their professional activities in the conditions of market competition and a dynamically changing context.
Gross income is the generalized result of economic activity in the agro industrial complex, as in other sectors of the national economy. Reproduction, wages and living standards of the population depend on it. Unfortunately, at present, farm incomes are growing only due to inflation, investments in fixed assets are decreasing, which, accordingly, leads to a decrease in production volumes. In these conditions, the rational formation and distribution of the resources available to enterprises is of great importance. The article deals with the theoretical aspects of the formation of gross income, the main factors influencing the development and financial condition of companies in the Irkutsk region over the past 10 years. The analysis of the dynamics of gross income and its main components, as well as the number of employees, labour productivity, labour intensity, cost and financial results in companies of the Irkutsk region. The main problems were studied and measures were proposed to solve the identified problems. In our opinion, to improve the current state, it is necessary to directly intervene in the state in creating equal economic conditions for economic entities in all spheres of the economy: regulation and control of prices for domestic energy resources and raw materials; creating conditions for improving the material and technical base of commodity producers at the expense of state investments in branches of the agro-industrial complex adjacent to agriculture; stimulating the growth of production not only of agricultural raw materials, but also of products of their processing; development and expansion of diversification of activities of existing producers; reducing the tax burden and improving the tax system; ensuring an increase in the level of wages; creating conditions for the social development of the village.
The article focuses on the results of the study of problem areas of innovative development in crisis situations. The main scientific result is a methodological approach to the technology of diagnostics of the innovative development of agricultural enterprises in the context of the provisions of management theory, neoclassical risk theory, and modern theories of innovative development. The type composition of innovations in agriculture was investigated and evaluated: technological, marketing, and organizational. Factors considered as promising indicators of assessment of innovative development and changes in the assortment of agricultural products are identified and analytically justified. As part of the practical implementation of the methodology of innovative development of agricultural enterprises, the transformation of risk areas is justified, which allows to minimize possible losses and losses. This makes it necessary to develop a methodological approach that should be based on quantitative methods of identifying risk situations. The advantage of the quantitative method is the ability to formalize the results of risk situations and evaluate their impact on innovative development. The advantages of quantifying the risk situation are: 1) the possibility of quantifying the amount of loss or profit from the action of the risk situation, which can become the object of the development of diagnostic technology for managing innovative development; 2) high probability of identifying factors of risk situations requiring rapid response; 3) high degree of influence of various factors of risk situations on innovative development; 4) the possibility of preparing a basis for the development of rational options for innovative behaviour of agricultural enterprises in a risk situation. The possibility of using the calculation and analytical method in assessing the factors of scientific, technological and financial risks of innovative development is disclosed, which makes it possible to apply operational monitoring aimed at regular adjustments of key parameters of the impact of innovative development on the results of production activities of agricultural enterprises.
Agriculture is actively promoting itself as a driver of the national economy. In contrast to many sectors of the national economy, in recent years, it has shown growth. However, this growth is not always and not everywhere (including segmental) is characterized by stability and quality, periods of high growth are replaced by a sharp decline and even stagnation. In addition, they deviate markedly from the calculated ones. In this connection, an important task is to identify specific causes, factors, conditions and mechanisms that affect the growth trajectory. Regardless of the periods and events, the important factors providing growth are the price and structure of products. However, it is not clear in what relationships both of the above factors interact on the growth trajectory and how they affect the dynamics of the latter. In connection with the latter, it is necessary to identify the main mechanisms of the influence of producer prices and the structure of products on the dynamics of production in agriculture, to formalize and quantify this influence, and also to formulate measures that ensure the necessary proportions of the development of the dynamics of agriculture. Using the ideology of Navier-Stokes equation we stratified (laminarized) the trajectory of gross agricultural output (GAP) into its components: the trajectory of GAP growth in 1991 prices, The trajectory of producer prices and the trajectory of sectoral structure; by comparing the selected trajectories the areas of the highest and the lowest amplitudes were identified; by means of correlation coefficients the interrelations between the trajectories were calculated; the areas of high, moderate and low correlations were revealed; apparently, the price accelerates the trajectory of GAP growth exactly at these areas, where the synchronism in the trajectories is observed; it was suggested that the influence of producer prices on the trajectory of GAP growth is segmentary. In connection with the obtained results it is suggested: a) to carry out point episodic regulation of prices of separate commodity segments by providing various incentives and benefits to producers and consumers, b) to influence prices by active commodity interventions, c) to take into account the described correlations between trajectories in software products.
Based on the study of the existing qualitative and quantitative models of technological transfer, the economic components of ensuring the implementation of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture for 2017-2025, and the development of advanced basic research in the agrarian economy of the Russian Federation, a model of systematic and structural organization of technology transfer in the agrarian economy based on public-private partnership was developed. Prospects of application of the developed model are defined - achievement of optimal economic effect with reflection of structure and directions of interaction of subjects, potential threats of functioning are identified - wide availability and illegal use of confidential information. A perspective diagram of the implementation of the event "Commercialization of scientific and (or) scientific and technical results and products for the agro-industrial complex" was built. The conclusion on the definition of the basic principles of functioning of the developed model is made (minimizing costs, maximizing profits) and priorities for the development of domestic agro-industrial complex (creation of universal financial and innovative infrastructure, support for small innovative entrepreneurship, modernization of agricultural industries, stimulation of demand for the introduction of R&D results in the agricultural sector, subsidization of interest rates on long-term loans, development of agricultural science, focused on the interaction of scientific organizations, agricultural universities, technology transfer centers, agricultural producers).
Fishing plays an important role in the Russian economy. It is a major exporter of fish raw materials and a food supplier to domestic consumers. One of the foundations of the development of fisheries is the ability of invested capital to ensure the growth of income and well-being. But although there has been a positive trend in these indicators recently, it is unstable. The purpose of the paper is to study the investment mechanism in the Russian fishing to determine the prospects for the economic development of the industry. Our research is based on the assumption of the cyclical nature of the economic development of fishing, which is expressed in the asynchrony of production and investment processes. Modeling of these processes revealed several hidden effects. We conclude that the possible consequences of the policy currently being implemented, which is aimed at accelerating the growth of quantitative indicators of fishing, in the near future may be overinvestment and excessive capitalization of the industry. This creates a threat of collapse of the Russian fishing industry - a sharp reduction in catch, deterioration of the financial and economic indicators of business, non-return of capital investments, and a decrease in the consumption of fish products by people. In order to minimize the threat of crisis and ensure the sustainability of the fishing, the Government should reconsider the priorities of investment support, as well as ensure stability and predictability of conditions for investment activities, taking into account industry specifics and long-term interests of society. Based on the analysis, the authors propose several promising areas for improving the sectoral investment policy.