At present, in the context of the aggravated geopolitical situation, the tasks of ensuring the country's food security and the development of import substitution, as well as issues of price regulation and enhancing the innovative and investment development of the agro-industrial complex, have come to the fore in the agro-industrial complex. To overcome the identified problems, it will be necessary to resolve the accumulated issues related to the imperfection of state regulation in the agro-industrial complex. Based on evidence-based approaches, the authors propose the main directions for its improvement, in particular, the development of a stimulating organizational and economic mechanism in the agro-industrial complex, the main elements of which are currently prices and price relations, and investments. As the basic principles for improving state regulation at the present stage, it is proposed to develop an optimal balance between strategy and tactics, so that, based on the adopted strategic directions of the country's development, to slightly adjust tactical goals and ensure the stabilization of the situation in the agro-industrial complex by developing and implementing effective measures and mechanisms that level the current risks and threats. Another principle is the mutual linkage of all the goals and objectives of the development of the country and agriculture, as well as the compliance of financial support with the goals set. Now it is extremely important to ensure the uninterrupted and stable operation of the entire agro-industrial complex. In this regard, it is advisable to reformat the State Program, updating it in accordance with the changed conditions. It should propose a balanced organizational and economic mechanism that would allow the formation of complex systemic solutions to achieve targets and indicators of the country's national development goals.
In the domestic and foreign scientific literature there is a wide discussion both about the essence of food security and the indicators of its assessment. It should be understood that the main purpose of the food security assessment is to obtain objective information on food production, incomes, purchasing power, consumption of basic types of food, etc. In doing so, the Food Security Scorecard should be structured, well-founded in terms of assessing the main elements of this category, and sound indicators could be calculated on the basis of available information. The article presents discussion approaches regarding the assessment of such components of food security as economic and physical availability of food to the population of the Russian Federation at the national level. When substantiating groups of indicators and indicators, the terminology available in Russian regulatory documents is used, as well as approaches to assessing food security used in the world community, including the EAEU, CIS countries, etc., as well as taking into account the opinions of prominent agricultural scientists in this area. Methodological approaches to assessing food security, as set out in the scientific papers of domestic scientists, do not take into account all areas of food security assessment. Very often in the scientific literature, the indicators substantiated by the authors are not structured into groups, which do not allow an objective description of the state of individual components of food security of the country. In this article, the thesis outlines approaches to the formation and assessment of the main components of food security - economic and physical accessibility of food to the population at the national level.
Research on sustainable agriculture needs an up-to-date and objective statistical base on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The carbon footprint is the amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions resulting from agricultural production. The article outlines various approaches to estimating the carbon footprint of agriculture: from a narrower sectoral approach to a broad intersectoral approach connected by a complete value chain. The purpose of the article is to summarize approaches to estimating the carbon footprint of agriculture, as well as to compare the carbon footprint of the countries of the European Union and Russia according to indirect estimates of the used production resources. Based on statistical data on the amount of fertilizers introduced into arable land and the number of tractors used per hectare of arable land and other indirect parameters, the author concludes that the carbon footprint of domestic agriculture is relatively small compared to European countries. The analysis concludes that the current technologies of intensive agricultural production in our country lag behind the technologies of European production, and therefore greenhouse gas emissions from Russia's agriculture are less per hectare of arable land. However, that did not mean that domestic agriculture had strategic competitive advantages. The intensive development of the industry, which allows a rapid increase in production volumes, as one of the negative environmental effects will have a carbon footprint. Therefore, one of the most important tasks of the strategic development of agriculture in Russia is the introduction of green technologies throughout the value chain and finding a balance between industrial and environmentally friendly production.
Russia is characterized by the features of China's agricultural digitalization strategy (strong vertical administrative leverage, state programs for financing digitalization projects). The main external tools to support the development of agricultural technology services in Russia are state grant financing of infrastructure projects for digitalization of the agro-industrial complex; budget financing of the departmental program "Digital Agriculture"; venture financing provided by RVC JSC. During the analyzed period, the greatest demand from agribusinesses was for agrotech-services for the use of UAVs for monitoring and protection of crops, as well as for fertilizer application. Services of robotization of individual agricultural works were actively developed, while progressive farm management systems based on AI-algorithms, IoT networks for remote control of agricultural machinery, and blockchain technologies are still outsiders of the list of the most in demand agrotech-services. The main obstacles to the development of agrotech-services are the high bureaucracy in procedures for obtaining grant funding; centralization of financial resources in state development institutions; geographical imbalance of financial resources to finance projects of digitalization of agriculture; lack of universities in the country; and lack of financial resources to finance projects of digitalization of agriculture. The scientific research has established that agrotech-services are a new stage in the development of the global agro-industrial complex. It is important for the Russian economy to make maximum efforts to intensify the implementation of digital technologies in business processes of agricultural management in order to ensure sustainable development of agriculture and food security of the country.
System integration can be one of the cost-effective tools to increase the competitiveness of the regional agro-industrial complex. However, the corresponding mechanisms of transformation of functions and processes for the objects of the agricultural sector belong to the category of high complexity and are insufficiently represented in scientific and practical aspects. The tasks of system integration of the association of a group of enterprises of different specialization are new and require conceptual justification and identification of key directions and principles. The aim of the work is to develop a methodological approach to the construction of mechanisms for the system integration of agricultural, processing and marketing enterprises in the region and the formation of a functional mechanism within it. The proposed approach complies with GOST R ISO 19439-2008 "Enterprise integration. Fundamentals of Enterprise modeling", based on the principles of a systematic approach, reflects the nature of enterprises and their economic mechanism using four standard representations of the model. The idea is based on the ordering of the elements of the functional, informational, organizational and resource subsystems of the association of economic agents and the construction of relationships between them. The presented analysis of the financial indicators of the research objects of the bread subcomplex, partially interacting on integration principles, indicates an increase in the values of the coefficients of autonomy, the manoeuvrability of equity and a decrease in accounts receivable. Nevertheless, a number of characteristics (lack of working capital, reduced profitability of sales, etc.) do not correspond to the expected, and it is possible to improve the situation and neutralize their negative impact on the results by deepening integration ties based on the introduction of digital farming systems. The structure and working mechanism of the functional subsystem of the integration association have been developed through the procedure of ordering functional, production, management and other processes organized into a hierarchical structure detailing the system transformations of the internal environment of individual enterprises, intermediate connecting and joint combined levels based on digitalization, automation and intelligent information systems.
The universal strategic planning system does not fully take into account the specialization of individual macro-regions with different levels of economic, financial, environmental and social sustainability and efficiency. Balanced spatial development of macro-regions is based on the rational use of the diversity of economic opportunities of the subjects of the Russian Federation that are part of the federal District, their natural resources, accumulated scientific, technical and human potential, the advantages of territorial division of labour and industrial cooperation with a general focus on the integrated socio-economic development of regions; implementation of special employment programs in labour-surplus regions, measures to raise depressed areas. The analysis shows that the strategic documents existing at the level of the North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD) and at the level of its subjects define the main directions, ways and means of achieving the goals of sustainable development and ensuring national security of the territories, without highlighting the system of the main industries that have a system of unique competitive advantages and can become "points of growth". For the NCFD, economic priorities are related to the agricultural sector of the economy, which is the main one for socio-economic development, the formation of a competitive environment in the regions, and solving the problem of employment in the North Caucasus. In the article, the planning system for the development of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) of the North Caucasus Federal District is structured according to territorial levels of management. Then the blocks devoted to the development of agro-industrial complex strategies of the North Caucasus Federal District and subjects are analyzed, their common and unique are highlighted. The organizational and economic mechanism for the development of a conceptual and strategic document for the development of agriculture at the federal district level and the structure of the concept of sustainable development of agriculture of the North Caucasus Federal District, taking into account the territorial differentiation of conditions and results of activities based on effective interaction and realization of the potentials of the multi-layered agrarian economy of the subjects of the district and selective state support, are proposed.
The purpose of the work is to build a functional model of the system of land relations in agriculture. When creating it, the methodology of systems analysis with a decomposition approach was effectively applied. A scientifically grounded model of the system of land relations in agriculture represents the object under study in the form of highlighted functional and information and communication subsystems, their specific features, a set of elements, connections and relationships between them, has the property of integrity, has a positive impact on the development of the system through various levels of management. Directions of using functionally-oriented accounting resources and development of information and communication subsystems, including actors, species systems, information content, reinforced by a database, computer programs are proposed. The functions in the system of land relations in agriculture (accounting, distribution and redistribution, state control (supervision) over the use and protection of land, the proper use of land) have been systematized, for each of which typical connections with indicators, inputs and outputs of the system, which together characterize its dynamic behaviour. The inputs of the land system are formalized; a symbolic description of the relationship between subsystems, elements, and functional relations of the model is given. A functional model for managing state supervision and control over the use and protection of agricultural land at the federal, municipal and public levels has been constructed from the standpoint of improving functions aimed at improving the quality of land legislation, interdepartmental work, and the use of benchmarking, which create prerequisites for enhancing the efficiency of activities. The area of application of the developed functional model of the system of land relations is scientific organizations, legislative authorities and governing bodies of the agro-industrial complex at the federal, regional and municipal levels.
Changing production objectives and business priorities determines the evolution and diversification of activities in the economy. The relevance of the study is determined by the significance of choice for the region and the development of activities, maximally affecting the economic growth, employment and income of the population, The article assessed the types of activities for the Moscow region using the attractiveness-competitiveness matrix for their contribution to the gross regional product compared to other regions and the average annual growth rate of the real estate for 2017-2019. The analysis of the matrix showed that the leading types were predominantly service rather than wealth-producing activities. The type of activity "rural, forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming» is classified as low-attractiveness and low-competitiveness activities. This is largely due to agglomeration processes in the region. Economic and social indicators of the development of the territories of urban districts depending on the distance from the Moscow Ring Road were analyzed. Agglomeration processes in the Moscow region, greater diversification of the economy contribute to the equalization of socio-economic indicators of the development of rural territories
The article presents the results of analyzing the agricultural sector of the Kaliningrad region in the aspect of ensuring its food security. The authors proposed an approach to the diagnosis of food security; more attention is paid to the development and results of approbation of an algorithm for analyzing the physical availability of basic food types for the population of the region. The developed algorithm includes the following steps: Assessment of the level of physical availability of basic food types, determining the level of self-sufficiency of the population by the main food products, the formation of a prognostic assessment of the level of self-sufficiency of the population of the region by the main foods, determination of the coating coefficient of food imports. The paper presents the results of its use when analyzing the level of self-sufficiency of the Kaliningrad region, the main food products from the position of the food independence. The results of the implementation of each of the steps within the proposed algorithm obtained during the study are described in detail. Based on the analysis of temporary series, trends in the development of the industry are determined; the results of the prognostic assessment of the level of self-sufficiency of the region of agricultural products are presented. Analysis of the dynamics of the level of self-sufficiency of the region The main types of agricultural products was supplemented with an analysis of another coefficient, allowing to assess the level of physical availability of food, namely the coefficient of coverage of food products. The studies have allowed the authors to conclude that the value of the self-sufficiency coefficient on the main food products belongs to the permissible level, but the calculation and analysis of the second coefficient indicates a high degree of dependence of the region from the import of food. The identified trends characteristic of the region agriculture allow the authors to talk about the projected improvement in the physical availability of food through the development of its own production, which will improve the level of food independence.
The article is devoted to the relationship of development and state regulation measures used in the food and processing industries of the Altai Territory, the main areas of activity of industry enterprises, the total number of enterprises engaged in the processing of agricultural raw materials and the production of food products are listed. According to the indices of food and beverage production presented in the article, the positive dynamics of the industry can be judged in the region. The leading areas of production of Altai Krai products, which are deep processing of milk, the production of flour and cereals, have been identified. During the analyzed period, the index of production in the dairy industry showed growth in almost all areas, the region took first place among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the production of cheese and dry whey and retained a leading position in the production of butter. Positive dynamics in the meat industry was noted, data on the growth of the production index were given, directions were indicated that ensure positive results in the industry and industry leaders. Considering the indicators of the flour-and-cereal industry, there was a negative rate of production, which could be associated primarily with a decrease in demand for these products and increased competition with neighboring regions. The volume of food produced outside the region amounted to about 80% of the total volume of food produced. The positive impact on the growth of state support production, expressed in subsidizing short-term lending to enterprises of the food and processing industry, is emphasized; the dynamics and structure of subsidies are indicated. Data on the implementation of the main indicators of the development of the food and processing industry are presented and an analysis of the causes of non-fulfilment of some of them is presented. The conclusion was made about the factors of further development of the industry.