The article investigates the extent to which subsidies to dairy farming, which are characterized by high relative to the agricultural average, affect branch growth. The analysis was performed using a random effects (RE) model on the data of dairy enterprises of the Leningrad region for 2016-2021. The research includes an evaluation of the impact by subsidy groups' and production digitalization. The empirical data show a positive and statistically significant effect of subsidies on production growth in dairy farming, which, however, is significantly lower than expected given the actual level of subsidies to revenue. The entire effect of subsidies is derived from a group of payments related to compensation of current expenses. Capital investment subsidies turn out to be statistically insignificant, the paper discusses likely reasons – level of this support and the specifics of individual subsidies in the group. A separate model is built to estimate the impact of subsidies on concessional credit, taking into account the available data for a shorter period. The results show that the fact of receiving a concessional credit has one of the strongest effects on stimulating branch growth. The positive and statistically significant impact of milk production digitalization (using cow health monitoring technologies as an example) on industry output was quantitatively confirmed. It is found that in group of enterprises with implemented digital health monitoring technologies, the impact of subsidies on output is lower, although only slightly, relative to enterprises group without such technologies, which does not confirm the original hypothesis. The paper discusses some practical implications of the findings aimed at improving the efficiency of agrarian subsidies.
The investment activity is one of the main conditions for the sustainable development of the region. As a result of the analysis, significant imbalances in the volume of attracted investments in fixed assets among industries in the Republic of Bashkortostan were revealed, with a significant proportion of investments in transportation, storage, manufacturing and mining, with a small amount in the agricultural sector. At the same time, taking into account the priority of the development of the agricultural sector, which determines the food security and independence of the country, the expediency of developing a methodological approach aimed at a reliable assessment of the level of investment security of agriculture has been established. The paper proposes a methodological approach to assessing the investment security of agriculture, with the definition of the main indicators that most fully reflect the possibility of sustainable development of the agricultural industry and its investment activity: the share of investments in fixed assets of agriculture, %; the degree of depreciation of fixed assets in agriculture, %; the coefficient of renewal of fixed assets of agriculture; the introduction of mineral fertilizers in terms of 100% nutrients per 1 hectare of sowing; number of tractors per 1000 hectares of arable land, pieces; the share of unprofitable organizations in agriculture; the share of the average annual number of people employed in agriculture. The proposed method has been tested on the materials of the Volga Federal District. The results obtained allow us to identify the main problem areas and potential areas for improving the investment security of agriculture in the region.
The presence of a low-carbon economic development strategy adopted in Russia makes urgent the problem of reducing the carbon footprint of agricultural products, including the production of cattle meat, which accounts for significant volumes of greenhouse gas emissions. This fact, at a minimum, requires careful attention to those technological aspects on which the reduction of the carbon footprint depends while maintaining the planned production of cattle meat. The authors do not support extreme points of view, the essence of which is a radical reduction in livestock numbers and an increase in the proportion of plant foods, meat cultured from animal stem cells, and the use of insect protein for food purposes. However, from our point of view, the variety of existing technological methods for producing meat is not always accompanied by the minimum necessary greenhouse gas emissions. The purpose of this work is to propose a method for assessing the environmental and economic efficiency of certain technologies for raising and fattening cattle under various combinations of factors of a zootechnical and economic nature. For this purpose, the work uses a model of animal body weight growth during the periods of growing and fattening, the dynamics of which depends on the initial weight, the quality of the feed supply, and the economics of the implemented technological method - on the cost of the diet, conditionally fixed costs per animal, and the relationship between the selling price with the conditions achieved by the end of fattening. Most of these factors also influence the volume of greenhouse gas emissions that accompanies the technological process in question. The model estimates the emissions of two greenhouse gases: enteric methane, as well as methane and nitrous oxide released from animal excrement. Ecological and economic efficiency in this work is understood as the ratio of net income from the sale of cattle in live weight to the volume of greenhouse gases produced, and maximizing this criterion as a result of searching for an appropriate combination of the above factors allows us to speak of efficiency in an environmental and economic sense. technologies.
Modern organic crop production ensures the formation of an institutional environment, the interaction of subjects and is influenced by the digitalization of the agricultural economy. The article highlights the directions of effective regulation of the activities of organic crop production institutions: administrative, socio-economic, technical and technological, it is proposed to use a system of multi-level regulation of the activities of organic crop production institutions and methods of its development. To maintain a positive trend in the development of organic crop production, it is necessary to develop and improve the institutional environment of the industry, to use the industry potential. The existing methodology for assessing the effectiveness of organic crop production has been supplemented with the calculation of a cumulative effect indicator. The methodology was tested on the data of the enterprise LLC "YUFENAL TRADE," which produces and sells organic crop production in the Saratov region.
The features of innovative development of agriculture as a factor in countering western economic sanctions are determined and its subject areas that require separate decomposition and analysis are highlighted. The priority of domestic technical and technological innovations in restoring the technological sovereignty of Russian agriculture without reducing its productivity and efficiency is noted. A structural and functional diagram of the innovative development of the industry has been developed with a combination of elements of imitation and innovation strategies, which makes it possible to use their strongest aspects to ensure food security and independence of the country. The processes of dissemination of achievements of scientific and technological progress using innovative or imitation strategies are presented on the basis of logistic curves, in which the transition to innovative production technology includes a period of testing the innovation in leading agricultural organizations and its further mass implementation in the activities of a wide range of enterprises. The theoretical aspects of organizing the creation, transfer and commercialization of technical and technological innovations have been clarified and expanded. It has been established that long-term capital investments in their development at later stages of the life cycle are too risky for commodity producers and create an investment trap that preserves the technical and technological lag behind the leaders. Theoretical scenarios for providing Russian agriculture with labor resources in various socio-economic conditions are analyzed. Recommendations are given in the field of assessing the effectiveness of innovative development of agriculture. The results obtained during the study were compared with the results of studies in a similar subject area published in leading periodicals.
The relevance of studying the ideas of modern students about a future profession in the field of agriculture is due to the need to improve the quality of professional training in the aspect of the formation of professional identity and value guidelines appropriate to the industry. The aim of the research was to study the image of future professional activities in the 1st-year veterinary students. The study was conducted with the use of "Q-methodology". The data were analyzed using the methods of correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The data were processed using the computer program Ken-QAnalysis (Version 2.0.1). The result of the study was the developed typology of the image of profession in the perceptions of future veterinarians. Based on the dominant values, three types of the image of profession were identified: 1) service to animal welfare; 2) pragmatic (goals-based) fulfillment of responsibilities; 3) rational (practice-oriented) fulfillment of responsibilities. Despite the different students’ opinions and expectations about key aspects of the veterinary profession and their future role as veterinarians, common features of a unified perception of the image of the profession, such as respect for the experience of farmers and animal owners, the collective nature of professional activity, the importance of sharing experience, the need for continuous learning, and the observance of ethical principals and humane attitude to animals in veterinary practice, were identified. The obtained results can serve as a basis for the development of educational programs focused on the development of competencies and profession-related qualities that are in demand in the veterinary profession; professional counseling programs informing school graduates about the benefits and prospects of the veterinary profession; programs to attract and retain young veterinary personnel in the agricultural sector based on the real expectations of students.
The dynamics of the value indicators of exports of sub-sectors of the agro-industrial complex demonstrates steady growth, which at first glance indicates the effective management of agro-exports and the successful implementation of the federal project “Export of Agro-Industrial Products”. It is important to note that a more detailed analysis of the achieved results of individual sub-sectors that are part of the federal project indicates a raw material model for the development of agro-exports and the persistence of systemic problems of export activities in the Russian agro-industrial complex. The identified circumstances indicate the need to revise the methodological approach to assessing the effectiveness of exports of agricultural products in Russia. The cost indicator provided for in the federal project as a target indicator for the development of agricultural exports in the country does not reflect the real state of export activity in the industry. At the present stage of technological development of the industry, it is necessary to classify agricultural products according to technological stages, as well as expand the names of products included in the federal project. This becomes necessary to understand the origin of agricultural products as a result of the processing of specific agricultural raw materials and the formation of their added value. To determine the indicators of the federal project in the form of value volumes of agricultural exports, it is necessary to use modern scientifically based methodological tools. We believe that improving the classification of agricultural products, formulas for calculating exports of sub-sectors, taking into account various factors, as well as the creation of a special methodology for ranking constituent entities of the Russian Federation according to the level of export development can provide an objective picture of the development of exports of agricultural products in Russia. The results of such a comprehensive assessment will allow for effective strategic planning for the export of agricultural products in Russia.
The current state and prospects for the development of agricultural production in the Siberian Federal District are aimed at solving the problem of food security in difficult conditions of sanctions pressure from unfriendly countries, rising tariffs and increased price disparity. The Siberian Federal District is an important region of Russia involved in the formation of food funds for intra-regional consumption, interregional product exchange and export supplies. The production of grain, dairy and meat products determines the role of the Siberian region in the all-Russian division of labor. The production volumes of grain, eggs, and milk fully meet the needs of the market. The prospects for the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Siberian Federal District are associated with a further increase in agricultural production and the fulfillment of all planned indicators adopted by the Food Security Doctrine. The current mechanism of state regulation of the agricultural sector does not fully meet the tasks set. This is clearly seen in the example of grain production. In 2023, domestic grain prices continued to be under pressure from the oversupply of 2022, which, in the context of a sharp increase in prices for machinery, fertilizers, fuel, electricity, and transportation tariffs, led to an aggravation of price disparity and a decrease in the profitability of agricultural production. Grain purchases to the intervention fund were stopped, and the export duty had a negative impact on the incomes of commodity producers. The current crisis situation has shown that mechanism of state regulation does not have flexibility and requires adjustment.
Providing the population of the Russian Federation with fishery products is an important economic task directly related to the guarantee of food security of the country. This article analyzes the dynamics of catch of "wild" fish for the period 2012-2023. Based on the identified trends in changes in the indicators, forecast models were built and forecasts of catch volumes for the period 2024-2025 were given for the following fish groups: "flounder", "carp", "sea bass, crucian carp, catfish", "herring, anchovy", "cod, merlus, mackrurus", "sturgeon" "passage herring", "mackerel, sablefish" "whitefish", as well as a forecast of the volume of aquatic bioresources of the Russian Federation for 2024-2026. The parabola equation (including dummy variables), the Holt-Winters exponential smoothing model, which takes into account linear trend and additive seasonality, and the ARIMA model were used for this purpose. The study showed that it is difficult to forecast the catch of such fish groups as "tunas and pelamids", "mackerel, mullet", "salmon", "smelt" due to the absence of development trends and cyclical fluctuations in the indicators, which is confirmed by insignificant autocorrelation coefficients of the constructed autocorrelation functions. The article also presents the results of the study of changes in the structures of fish catch in 2023 compared to 2012, as well as changes in the structures of aquatic bioresources extraction by regions of the Russian Federation in 2023 compared to 2014 on the basis of the Gatev coefficient, Salai index and V.M. Ryabtsev index. Fishery is a promising basis for the development of the food industry of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the presence of certain difficulties in the development of fisheries associated with the limitation of international quotas for fishing, as well as with the problems of restoration of fish populations, make the cultivation of fish in aquaculture more profitable compared to the extraction of "wild" fish.
The article considers the indicators of export of products of the domestic agricultural sector of the economy to China in dynamics from 2018 to 2023. The largest share in the export of agricultural products to China in 2023 was taken by fish exports, which amounted to 33%, 30% were fats and oils of animal or vegetable origin, and 15% - oilseeds. A conclusion is made about the actual turn to the East in foreign trade trends and about the need to further increase trade turnover with friendly countries in the Asia-Pacific region. One of the obstacles to increasing product exports is the lengthy and complicated procedure for coordinating veterinary certificates for the supply of meat and dairy products, and the inclusion of enterprises in the register of exporters. It is also necessary to improve the logistics infrastructure. The change in the vector of business activity of Russian companies and their turn to the East opens up additional opportunities for increasing the export of not only fish, vegetable and animal oils, meat, fertilizers, and wheat, but also other products of the agricultural sector of the economy. In particular, increasing the production of innovative goods with high added value.