Changing production objectives and business priorities determines the evolution and diversification of activities in the economy. The relevance of the study is determined by the significance of choice for the region and the development of activities, maximally affecting the economic growth, employment and income of the population, The article assessed the types of activities for the Moscow region using the attractiveness-competitiveness matrix for their contribution to the gross regional product compared to other regions and the average annual growth rate of the real estate for 2017-2019. The analysis of the matrix showed that the leading types were predominantly service rather than wealth-producing activities. The type of activity "rural, forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming» is classified as low-attractiveness and low-competitiveness activities. This is largely due to agglomeration processes in the region. Economic and social indicators of the development of the territories of urban districts depending on the distance from the Moscow Ring Road were analyzed. Agglomeration processes in the Moscow region, greater diversification of the economy contribute to the equalization of socio-economic indicators of the development of rural territories
The article presents the results of analyzing the agricultural sector of the Kaliningrad region in the aspect of ensuring its food security. The authors proposed an approach to the diagnosis of food security; more attention is paid to the development and results of approbation of an algorithm for analyzing the physical availability of basic food types for the population of the region. The developed algorithm includes the following steps: Assessment of the level of physical availability of basic food types, determining the level of self-sufficiency of the population by the main food products, the formation of a prognostic assessment of the level of self-sufficiency of the population of the region by the main foods, determination of the coating coefficient of food imports. The paper presents the results of its use when analyzing the level of self-sufficiency of the Kaliningrad region, the main food products from the position of the food independence. The results of the implementation of each of the steps within the proposed algorithm obtained during the study are described in detail. Based on the analysis of temporary series, trends in the development of the industry are determined; the results of the prognostic assessment of the level of self-sufficiency of the region of agricultural products are presented. Analysis of the dynamics of the level of self-sufficiency of the region The main types of agricultural products was supplemented with an analysis of another coefficient, allowing to assess the level of physical availability of food, namely the coefficient of coverage of food products. The studies have allowed the authors to conclude that the value of the self-sufficiency coefficient on the main food products belongs to the permissible level, but the calculation and analysis of the second coefficient indicates a high degree of dependence of the region from the import of food. The identified trends characteristic of the region agriculture allow the authors to talk about the projected improvement in the physical availability of food through the development of its own production, which will improve the level of food independence.
The article is devoted to the relationship of development and state regulation measures used in the food and processing industries of the Altai Territory, the main areas of activity of industry enterprises, the total number of enterprises engaged in the processing of agricultural raw materials and the production of food products are listed. According to the indices of food and beverage production presented in the article, the positive dynamics of the industry can be judged in the region. The leading areas of production of Altai Krai products, which are deep processing of milk, the production of flour and cereals, have been identified. During the analyzed period, the index of production in the dairy industry showed growth in almost all areas, the region took first place among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the production of cheese and dry whey and retained a leading position in the production of butter. Positive dynamics in the meat industry was noted, data on the growth of the production index were given, directions were indicated that ensure positive results in the industry and industry leaders. Considering the indicators of the flour-and-cereal industry, there was a negative rate of production, which could be associated primarily with a decrease in demand for these products and increased competition with neighboring regions. The volume of food produced outside the region amounted to about 80% of the total volume of food produced. The positive impact on the growth of state support production, expressed in subsidizing short-term lending to enterprises of the food and processing industry, is emphasized; the dynamics and structure of subsidies are indicated. Data on the implementation of the main indicators of the development of the food and processing industry are presented and an analysis of the causes of non-fulfilment of some of them is presented. The conclusion was made about the factors of further development of the industry.
Currently, the activities of all sectors of the economy can no longer be imagined without information and communication technologies (digital services, products using information technology, big data, etc.). A necessary condition for the digitalization of agricultural economy branches is their achievement of a high level of informatization and automation in order to increase the economic efficiency of production. This requires a constant search for ways to manage the economic and social changes caused by digital transformation. The topic of agricultural informatization has been discussed at various levels for many years: companies developing information solutions declare bold and far-reaching plans. However, in practice, there are few cases of the introduction of "smart" technologies in the agro-industrial complex of the Novosibirsk region - these are rather point projects than a trend has taken shape. And they are most often implemented by large agricultural conglomerates that have resources; the bulk of the sector's enterprises are not in a hurry to digitalize yet. Today, the agriculture sector of the Novosibirsk region is one of the largest and most significant sectors of the Russian economy. The industry meets the needs of the region in grain and grain products, potatoes and vegetables, eggs, dairy and meat products. Robotization of agricultural production in the Novosibirsk region is a key condition for its digitalization, first of all, it is the introduction of mobile and stationary robotic complexes that can be used in various fields (crop production, animal husbandry, closed soils, the creation of artificial ecosystems similar to natural ones and in many other areas).The use of digital technologies in the management of the agro-industrial complex of the Novosibirsk region is characterized by the active use of specialized databases and software in the agricultural sectors of the region.
The relevance of the topic of research is due to the need to address the issues of food security of the region, as the most influential factor in the quality of life of the population, especially those living in rural areas. The article is aimed not only at reflecting negative trends and identifying problems in the agro-industrial complex of the region, but also at developing conceptual approaches to solving them. The article draws attention to the possibility of changing the situation in the agro-industrial complex of the region due to the transition from medium-term horizons to synchronous long-term planning of sectoral development together with the dominant economic entities, thereby ensuring unity and integrity in achieving the goals and objectives set for the industry. In addition, the improvement of the situation in the agro-industrial complex can be facilitated by a change in state agrarian policy in terms of measures that ensure an accelerated scientific and technological breakthrough. An integrated approach to solving the problem will ultimately lead to the formation and development of the food market of the region, contributing to a qualitative change in the lives of people living in the north-Arctic regions of Russia.
The article tests several hypotheses about the impact of climate contrast on Russian agriculture. Scenario analysis is performed with the help of the VIAPI model – acomputable model built on the PF+PE architecture and reproducing partial equilibrium in the wholesale markets of agricultural products located in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Two scenarios of the future climate are compared, which are defined via the spatial location of natural agricultural zones and the level of world food prices. The scenarios differ in the scale of output divergence caused by the conditions of a specific year. In the basic scenario of the future climate, this divergence corresponds to the actual climate contrast in the period 2015–2019, as observed in each natural agricultural zone; in the “contrast” scenario, the divergence is increased. Hypotheses are accepted that a contrasting climate reduces production volumes and the share of open field crop production in gross agricultural production, and leads to an increase in prices. Hypotheses about a decrease in the profitability of agricultural production and an increase in the turnover of agricultural foreign trade are rejected. All the identified effects are too small to entail development of compensatory adjustments in agricultural policy at the federal level.
The Arctic is becoming the most important sector of the Russian economy, having a synergistic effect on its growth rate. It should be noted that the development of new mineral deposits, the creation of transport infrastructure in extreme climatic conditions, including the development of the Northern Sea Route, is impossible without a thoughtful and balanced personnel policy. It should be taken into account the fact that according to sociological surveys, over 40% of residents would like to change their place of residence from the European north to the more southern regions. The severity of the problem is also aggravated by the fact that in previous years there has been an intensive outflow of the population for thirty years, at the level of 1% per year. Analytical evidence shows that among the reasons the most important factor influencing the negative trend is a decrease in the level of economic availability of food. Practice shows that in order to solve the problem, along with improving the logistical channels of food supply to the north, it is necessary to return to the experience of supporting agricultural production on the spot. Such a measure will provide high-quality food to unprotected segments of the population, on the one hand, and on the other, create competition, and reduce the monopoly influence of suppliers on the formation of market prices. Unfortunately, it should be recognized that the modern mechanism for managing the industry not only does not solve such a problem, but also deliberately puts agricultural producers of the north in worse conditions. Note that, for example, in the EU countries, on the contrary, support for agricultural enterprises operating in difficult climatic conditions is provided in an increased amount. Moreover, the procedure used by us for calculating northern allowances as an instrument of economic management, borrowed from the practice of the Soviet period, on the contrary, extinguishes entrepreneurial activity. Therefore, making adjustments to the current methods of managing agricultural production in the north will solve the problem of economic accessibility of food, and thereby contribute to resolving the personnel issue in the Arctic zone, which is of exceptional importance for the Russian economy as a whole.
The federal project "Export of agricultural products", which is part of the national project on international cooperation and export, sets the task of radically increasing the export potential of the agro-industrial complex. This is one of the strategic priorities of the socio-economic development of the country. To solve this problem, it is necessary to create an effective staffing system, and not only at the level of diplomatic and trade missions, but also at the level of personnel training of export-oriented enterprises, the development of competencies of agricultural specialists. The purpose of the study was to substantiate approaches to improving the staffing of the federal project "Export of agricultural products". The methodological and theoretical bases of the research are the works of domestic and foreign scientists. Abstract-logical, analytical, expert research methods are used to solve the tasks in the work. In connection with the implementation of the federal project "Export of agricultural products", in addition to employees of embassies and trade missions, a significant number of specialists in foreign trade operations in export-oriented organizations of the agro-industrial complex throughout Russia will be required. Moreover, both people professionally engaged in foreign trade activities and employees with competencies in these matters throughout the technological chain. We consider it expedient to consider the issue of training such specialists in professional retraining programs on the basis of institutions of additional vocational education of the agro-industrial complex at the expense of the federal budget. The main task, we see, is to master the meta-competencies that allow students to adapt their professional activities in the conditions of market competition and a dynamically changing context.
Gross income is the generalized result of economic activity in the agro industrial complex, as in other sectors of the national economy. Reproduction, wages and living standards of the population depend on it. Unfortunately, at present, farm incomes are growing only due to inflation, investments in fixed assets are decreasing, which, accordingly, leads to a decrease in production volumes. In these conditions, the rational formation and distribution of the resources available to enterprises is of great importance. The article deals with the theoretical aspects of the formation of gross income, the main factors influencing the development and financial condition of companies in the Irkutsk region over the past 10 years. The analysis of the dynamics of gross income and its main components, as well as the number of employees, labour productivity, labour intensity, cost and financial results in companies of the Irkutsk region. The main problems were studied and measures were proposed to solve the identified problems. In our opinion, to improve the current state, it is necessary to directly intervene in the state in creating equal economic conditions for economic entities in all spheres of the economy: regulation and control of prices for domestic energy resources and raw materials; creating conditions for improving the material and technical base of commodity producers at the expense of state investments in branches of the agro-industrial complex adjacent to agriculture; stimulating the growth of production not only of agricultural raw materials, but also of products of their processing; development and expansion of diversification of activities of existing producers; reducing the tax burden and improving the tax system; ensuring an increase in the level of wages; creating conditions for the social development of the village.
The article focuses on the results of the study of problem areas of innovative development in crisis situations. The main scientific result is a methodological approach to the technology of diagnostics of the innovative development of agricultural enterprises in the context of the provisions of management theory, neoclassical risk theory, and modern theories of innovative development. The type composition of innovations in agriculture was investigated and evaluated: technological, marketing, and organizational. Factors considered as promising indicators of assessment of innovative development and changes in the assortment of agricultural products are identified and analytically justified. As part of the practical implementation of the methodology of innovative development of agricultural enterprises, the transformation of risk areas is justified, which allows to minimize possible losses and losses. This makes it necessary to develop a methodological approach that should be based on quantitative methods of identifying risk situations. The advantage of the quantitative method is the ability to formalize the results of risk situations and evaluate their impact on innovative development. The advantages of quantifying the risk situation are: 1) the possibility of quantifying the amount of loss or profit from the action of the risk situation, which can become the object of the development of diagnostic technology for managing innovative development; 2) high probability of identifying factors of risk situations requiring rapid response; 3) high degree of influence of various factors of risk situations on innovative development; 4) the possibility of preparing a basis for the development of rational options for innovative behaviour of agricultural enterprises in a risk situation. The possibility of using the calculation and analytical method in assessing the factors of scientific, technological and financial risks of innovative development is disclosed, which makes it possible to apply operational monitoring aimed at regular adjustments of key parameters of the impact of innovative development on the results of production activities of agricultural enterprises.