The article presents the results of a study developing the author's developments in the field of the problems of living standards, the relevance of which is enhanced in the conditions of socio-economic consequences in connection with the new challenges for our country in 2022. Using the original tools, the authors assessed the standard of living (current consumption) for urban and rural socio-demographic groups: youth, middle and older generation and their segments, differing in household composition and type of residence. Quantitative identification was carried out and two models of distribution of socio-demographic groups were obtained: by income used for consumption and by monetary income, formed on the basis of comparing the actual characteristics of current consumption with the author's system of social standards. The differences in the prevalence of standards of different levels of material wealth identified in these models are revealed, consisting in a wider representation of the disadvantage determined by the income used for consumption. It is shown that the rural population is distinguished by higher risks of being among the poor and low-income compared to the urban population. It is revealed that both in the city and in the countryside, among young people, middle and older generations, a more prosperous distribution of material wealth has developed among single and married couples without children, while the expansion of the composition of households and the presence of minor children in them worsen this distribution, significantly reducing the chances of achieving middle and higher standards of material wealth. Based on the conducted research, the categories of the population that require improvement of measures of their support from the state, society and employers are identified. Acknowledgments: the research was carried out at the expense of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation No. 22-28-01043, https://rscf.ru/en/project/22-28-01043/.
For more than 200 years in our country, with varying frequency and effectiveness, the state has been trying to raise the level of development of rural areas, reducing the differences between urban and rural populations as much as possible. The purpose of the work is to study the existing mechanism of rural development. Currently, a program-targeted approach is mainly used for the development of rural areas. In the process of studying the opinions of scientists on the issue under study, the authors revealed that many of them emphasize the need to improve the mechanism of rural development. A number of scientists focus on the application of a differentiated approach to the development of rural areas. Within the framework of the study, the interrelation of the main normative legal acts regulating the development of rural territories was structured. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the state program "Integrated development of rural territories" implemented in the country, as well as the main directions and corresponding tools for the development of rural territories are considered. The first results of the state program "Integrated rural development" in the Novosibirsk region are analyzed. Taking into account the specifics of the financing of the program under consideration (co-financing by the municipality), the need to stimulate various kinds of local initiatives is highlighted. In this case, it seems appropriate to use civil society institutions (CBT, NGOs, and resource centers). As an example, the project of the foundation "Siberian Center for Support of Public Initiatives" is considered, implemented in order to increase the number of local initiatives and the involvement of residents in them. As a result, the authors came to the conclusion that only the joint efforts of the state, business and local initiatives will contribute to the development of rural areas.
In the article, the author substantiates the need for the introduction of digital technologies in agriculture, in particular, in the mechanism of grain production. Based on the analysis of the current state of digitalization of the industry, both in the whole country and in the regional context, the author provides recommendations for stimulating the introduction of digital technologies in the grain production of the region. In particular, it is proposed to create a regional resource center on the basis of Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, which, accumulating the best practices of using digital technologies, will be able to offer ready-made solutions to agricultural producers. We believe that the creation of a resource center will make it possible to more systematically implement digital solutions in grain production: accumulate certain best ready-made solutions for implementation, which will then be used by other agricultural producers, purposefully train personnel, both directly for agricultural production and for the development of appropriate software, conclude contracts and agreements of a certain nature (which in the conditions of the center will be more appropriate and convenient than in the framework of a single grain production). In addition, the proposed solution will allow digitalization of agriculture in the region at a faster pace and at the lowest cost.
The theoretical basis of the study is the study of existing developed models of technological transfer, principles and methods of knowledge management in an innovative economy, foreign experience in the formation of a cluster mechanism. In the article, the authors made a comparative assessment of technology transfer models based on public-private partnership and the creation of clusters in the agricultural industry. Common indicators specific to the transfer models under consideration and indicators specific to each were identified. The peculiarities of model formation are determined and practical feasibility of technology transfer model based on cluster creation is justified (agricultural holding ROS AGRO PLC is investigated as an example). Agro holding entities were identified with clarification of activities. Indicators of cluster development of the Russian Federation for 2017-2019 were investigated, namely, the share of internal investments, the share of budgetary and extra budgetary sources of financing and the budget implemented by participants in cluster entities. Problems with the functioning of the models under consideration have been identified. For the technology transfer model based on the creation of scientific and production clusters, this is the underdevelopment of the institutional and innovative environment, the lack of mechanisms to stimulate cooperation among the model entities. For the model of technology transfer based on public-private partnership - economic and financial limitations of private partners and the state. The prospects for the development of the digital agricultural economy are indicated: the creation of a favourable innovative and institutional environment, the maintenance of domestic food security on the basis of the unhindered promotion of agricultural products from producer to consumer, the possibility of accumulating indicators of the development of digital agriculture with the provision of the result of monitoring to the entities of the transfer mechanism.
In the context of a difficult political and economic situation, the uncertainty of the external environment and, as a result, the risks of international relations become especially relevant using strategic tools. Despite positive dynamics of agro export of the Siberian Federal District (SFD), he can be characterized raw, unbalanced on the structure of commodity groups and the possessing unstable demand for separate commodity positions. To form strategic directions for the development of agricultural exports of the Siberian Federal District, situational and strategic analysis methods are used. The main problem is the lack of an integrated vision for the development of agricultural exports of the Siberian Federal District. In order to resolve the problem, it is proposed to identify the main characteristics of the current situation in the agro-industrial complex, especially the food and processing industries of the country, including the Siberian Federal District. There are suggestions that the Siberian Federal District has the possibility of integration into the global food market, implementing a comprehensive growth strategy for agro export of the Siberian macro-region, which can be formed taking into account the balancing of the portfolio of commodity groups. The study emphasizes the importance of using strategy technologies in the formation of a comprehensive strategy for the development of agro export at the macro region level.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of primary and deep processing of flax in the Russian Federation. The economic efficiency of the primary processing of flax into the same type of undirected fiber with the further production of cotonine from it, pellets from bonfires and fresh vegetable mass is analyzed. Despite the support programs carried out by the state in recent years, the area of flax sowing in 2021 decreased by 24.5% compared to 2020. This can be explained by poor quality seeds, low demand for domestic flax fiber due to poor quality and the lack of faith of agricultural producers in the prospects for the development of flax production. Given the difficult economic situation, it became necessary to analyze the work of the flax plant, equipment for the production of the same type of fiber, cotonine, fuel pellets from bonfires and fresh vegetable mass, prices for pellets in order to determine the economic efficiency of primary and deep processing of flax. The domestic machines presented in the article, which include equipment for the production of pellets from bonfires, will make it possible to obtain, in addition to flax cotonine, chemically and biologically safe fuel from renewable raw materials and make production waste-free. The ASGB-1 pelletizing complex is designed for processing both bonfires and grasses, which makes it possible to produce natural protein-vitamin feed for animals and poultry on the basis of the flax plant. For the first time, it was proposed and justified the production of feed pellets from fresh plant matter at the flax plant, which will allow to receive additional income, use free labour resources in rural areas, as well as provide livestock and poultry farms with feed. Primary and deep processing of flax with the production of pellets from bonfires and vegetable matter on the equipment in question is cost-effective and has an acceptable payback period. The results of the analysis can help flax mills modernize or diversify their production in order to increase economic efficiency.
The study of the problems of small business in retail is an urgent research area in terms of the possibility and specifics of digitalization of small business. The article contains up-to-date data on the digitalization of Russian grocery retail, including trends and trends, priority areas, technologies used. The purpose of this study consists of three main stages. Firstly, the analysis of the current level of digitalization of business, and the assessment of development prospects are useful. Secondly, we carried out a study of the possibilities of digitalization of small businesses and the problems associated with this process. Thirdly, authors assessed the possibilities and prospects of digitalization of certain territories of the Russian Federation. In addition to desk research, content analysis, and analysis of domestic and foreign data, the paper carried out a primary study related to the assessment of the effectiveness of investments in grocery retail in a particular territory of Russia, depending on the indicators of annual turnover and the share of online sales from 2014 to 2020. The scientific novelty of the study is the proposed methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of digitalization of grocery retail, which applied to other branches of Russian business. This technique based on the correlation between the indicators and the average growth rates of these indicators.
Increasing the efficiency of the processes of selling agricultural products is especially necessary in the context of reducing the dependence of the domestic market on food imports. The lack of effective logistics links between manufacturers and enterprises of the processing industry and trade leads to an increase in the cost and uncompetitiveness of the products of local agricultural producers, as well as high costs associated with the storage, processing and marketing of manufactured products due to the lack of modern infrastructure lead to the need to justify the creation of logistics integrated distribution centers . The objective of the study is to carry out the classification of logistics distribution centers based on functional criteria. The methodological basis of the study was the fundamental scientific theories and concepts of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of logistics, supply chain management, regional development, research of consulting companies. In preparing the article, basic general scientific research methods (comparisons, synthesis and analysis, evolutionary approach), as well as statistical and econometric methods (statistical grouping, index method, etc.) were used. The study analyzed and systematized various approaches to solving the problem of organizing effective marketing of products, as a result of which the author's classification of logistics distribution centers was proposed. The author's classification based on the facet-hierarchical method and including existing approaches to the classification of logistics distribution centers and the functions of logistics centers, taking into account modern trends in their development. A distinctive proposed classification is the use of the criteria proposed by the author, inherent in logistics distribution centers, which makes it possible to identify their separate type - logistics integrated distribution centers.
The article considers direct measures of state support as a necessary condition for ensuring food security in the Russian Federation. The authors analyze the differences between the state program "Integrated Development of rural territories" and the federal target program "Sustainable development of rural territories for 2014-2017 and for the period up to 2020". The following is a list of direct measures of state support for rural areas within the framework of the state program "Integrated Development of rural Areas", as well as measures to support federal executive authorities. It should be noted that the effectiveness of state support for rural areas is one of the most important factors for the growth of the quality and standard of living in these territories. The authors give examples of support measures in which partial continuity of performance indicators is noted, while emphasizing that in addition to the continuity of performance indicators of support tools implemented within the framework of state programs, some of the criteria are also measures to assess the effectiveness of some national projects. The article highlights 4 levels of effects from the implementation of state support: resources (inputs), direct result (outputs), final result (outcomes), and socio-economic effect (impacts). The analysis of the efficiency indicators of state support showed that low-level effects (inputs) are present in the implementation of support measures in each of the previously listed areas and represent the amount of budget allocations allocated to the subjects of the Russian Federation from the federal budget. In turn, high-level indicators (impacts) among the analyzed indicators of the effectiveness of state support are absent in all the identified areas. This is due to the fact that, unlike output and outcome level indicators, impact level indicators determine the long-term effect of the implementation of programs and projects, and therefore they are likely to be determined within the framework of various development strategies, as well as be part of the global development goals of the state.
The article emphasizes that the huge potential of rural areas, despite the development of positive processes in agriculture and the improvement of rural access to development resources, still remains unrealized. In the development of rural areas in the Russian Federation, there is no integrated approach. Ideas and opinions of researchers - some sustainable development of rural areas are associated directly with the development of agriculture in this territory; others note the limited development of rural areas by agrarian specifics and focus on the social problems of the village. In the proposed methodological approach to assessing the sustainability of rural development, the main indicators of assessment are: stabilization of the rural population; the growth of incomes of the rural population, the presence of other incomes (deposits, investments, income from entrepreneurial activity); growth of own housing among the rural population, stable energy supply of rural housing; uninterrupted operation of the Internet and cellular communications; availability of municipal transport routes; own car; provision of outlets; the ability to regularly relax and travel; development of agricultural production. Testing of the proposed methodological approach was carried out on the materials of the Irkutsk region. Depending on the problems solved, various research methods were used, such as economic-statistical, computational-constructive, abstract-logical and sociological. The source of information was data from departmental and sectoral statistics (Irkutskstat) and data obtained during the survey of rural residents.