Flax, technical hemp and oilseed flax are the most important technical crops in Russia, allowing for import substitution of raw materials, textiles and goods previously imported from abroad. The largest increase in acreage and gross harvest over the past 10 years has been observed in technical hemp, in second place is oilseed flax, and flax is the only one of them whose sowing areas have decreased. Over the period from 2020 to 2021, the number of regions sowing flax has almost halved, while the number of subjects of the Russian Federation growing technical hemp has increased by 5 regions. Per-hectare subsidies do not increase the interest of farms in growing flax, because they do not compensate for losses. The annual increase in prices for technological equipment at the beginning of the second quarter of 2022 averaged 25 %. For the period 2019-2022, the selling price of threadbare flax increased by 2 times, and short flax fibers by 1,4 times. The selling price of the same type of hemp, after a short increase, returned to the pre-crisis level. Fluctuations in exchange rates, selling prices, rising inflation and the uncertainty of the economic situation in Russia puts Russian flax mills in difficult conditions. The main problems of these enterprises are the lack of necessary funds and sales markets. In such a situation, serious state support is needed in the form of additional financing, preferential loans, subsidies, and tax benefits. The problem of sales markets should be solved by the state order, which could be formed by the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Health and Social Development, the Ministry of Transport, which would ensure the sustainable development of domestic production and increase the economic independence and security of the country.
The world community is becoming increasingly anxious about the possibility of an aggravation of the food problem, which could turn into a food crisis. To address possible problems, countries are investing heavily in solving these problems. In this context, the use of digital and information and communication technologies in agricultural production is becoming an important trend. In our country, as a result of the implementation of the Food Security Doctrine, tangible results have been achieved; many indicators related to crop production have been achieved or are close to being achieved. Volume indicators were increased for livestock products, but the indicators of the Doctrine were not achieved, especially for the production of milk and dairy products. The article deals with the use of robotic systems in the dairy sub complex of a particular region, achievements, problems and prospects for the use of these tools. It should be noted that digital animal husbandry is not some fashionable trend, but the most important way to intensify the industry. At this stage, the farms use robotic tools that were purchased from foreign companies before the well-known events. Prior to this, the manufacturers of the products were engaged in the maintenance of these installations, repairs, adjustments and assisted in the management. Now they don't. Further progress depends on two factors: first, how these suppliers behave, and second, the ability and capacity of our industry to engage in import substitution. The solution of food security in terms of the production of dairy products largely depends on how we successfully cope with these tasks. The article also notes that the changes that accompany the use of digital technologies lead to the demand for new specialties, radically change the requirements for personnel, transform the way of life in the countryside, it becomes more industrialized and creative.
The article describes a comparative estimation of the economic efficiency of the use of bedding cattle manure and green manure or siderate (vetch-oat mixture). The relevance of the subject is determined by the presence of the problem of conservation and accumulation of organic matter in gray forest and soddy-podzolic soils, as well as by necessity of the rise of the economic efficiency of production in agriculture, that is directly connected with state food security. The initial data for the study were the scientific literature, state statistics materials and the results of scientific experiments conducted at the Verkhnevolzhsky FASC in 2007–2020. The study is built on the basis of the consistent involvement of an increasing number of factors that affect the efficiency of the use of organic fertilizers. Some private conclusions: the technology costs of the use of studied types of fertilizers, including production fertilizer itself and application its into soil, was in 1,06 – 1,5 times lower on siderate, than on manure in variant, when mineral fertilizer isn’t applicated over growing of sideral culture; when mineral fertilizer is applicated on sideral culture with N60 per 1 ha doza, the use of manure is more economic efficient, when its transportation distance is 1 -5 km, when distance is more, it is rationally to use siderat. The main conclusion, done accounting lost profit, has shown the higher economic efficiency of the use of siderate in comparison with cattle manure at any transportation distance for manure.
In the Russian economy, more and more attention has recently been paid to the quality of life of the rural population. The purpose of the work is to develop a comprehensive methodological approach to assessing the analysis and forecast of the quality of life of the population in rural areas of the region. In the proposed methodological approach, two modules were identified (analysis of the quality of life of rural residents and forecast of the quality of life of rural residents), which included in the first case - factors that reduce or increase the quality of life of the population, and in the second case - forming the quality of life and measures of socio-demographic support. The main advantages of this methodological approach to assessing the analysis and forecast of the quality of life in rural areas of the region include the variability of the use of indicators and the ease of its application, which opens up access to a wide range of readers and researchers, which will allow evaluating any block, both individually and all factors in the aggregate. The criteria for assessment factors for eight blocks were systematized (health status, education system, employment and quality of work life, leisure and recreation, the state of the consumer market for goods and services, the state of the environment, personal safety, social opportunities and social activity). It is worth noting that the developed model of analysis and prediction of the quality of life of the rural population is based on the use of empirical research methods based on the knowledge of real objects of research. The area of application of the developed methodological approach to assessing the analysis and forecast of the quality of life of the population in rural areas is scientific organizations, management bodies of the agro-industrial complex at the federal, regional and municipal levels.
A necessary condition for the existence and development of society is the process of reproduction of rural residents, which directly depends on the course of demographic processes. Developments of Urnov M.Yu. and Kasamara V.A. aimed at building a model of influence on the socio-demographic dynamics of non-institutional factors. Within the framework of this study, value heterogeneity is presented from an economic point of view: as the level of well-being of society. In modern Russia, the main features of the current demographic situation are: a significant reduction in the population, low birth rates, and the continuing aging of the population. The instrument of the space of value orientations was used, according to the methodology developed by the above-named authors, social and economic indicators were combined, based on calculations, their influence on the socio-demographic development of a rural settlement was established. The hypothetical substantiation of the dependence of economic indicators of value heterogeneity in terms of the level of profitability of society and social dynamics was tested on the basis of an assumed functional model using matrix algorithms. Verification of indicators of capital productivity, efficiency of agricultural land use, labor productivity was carried out. The calculations performed showed that in the agricultural enterprises of the Saratov region, in the period f1 (2020) in relation to the period f0 (2015), the increase in income amounted to: in the first group of districts, 164317 thousand rubles. in the fourth group 1654160.17 thousand rubles. due to a significant increase in capital productivity for an intensive type of development, which will make it possible to determine additional investment in the acquisition of fixed assets in the amount of 84,982.84 thousand rubles. and 361,634.78 thousand rubles. by municipality. As well as an increase in profits from the intensification of production in 1-4 groups of districts in the amount of 125.74%; 112.23%; 114.11%; 10:9.08%, respectively, of the total profitability of the use of sown areas of enterprises. And it is necessary to increase the area of agricultural land by 94-97% on average for groups of districts, in order to maintain the achieved level of production in order to increase profitability and wages. The proposed hypothesis was substantiated using the Integration Definition for Function Modeling functional model
Agro-industrial integration is a natural form of organizing food chains in the agro-food complex, which ensures the involvement of interacting entities in the common economic space on the principles of rationalization and optimization of technological, organizational and economic relationships, as well as the stability of inter-link and inter-subject interactions. Based on the principle of economic feasibility, the choice of a specific form of agro-industrial integration is based on the complex influence of a combination of factors influencing the process of formalizing integration interactions both at the macroeconomic level and at the levels of specific product chains and individual business entities. The possibility of implementing one or another model of agro-industrial integration is determined taking into account the combined influence of heterogeneous factors in the context of the operation of the law of economic feasibility, which determines the rational schemes of integration interactions of subjects united in certain food chains. As the main conditions for initiating the transition to a cluster model of integration in the agro-food complex, it is proposed to single out the following ones: the presence of stable inter-subject and inter-industry relations; territorial localization of economic spaces; development of public-private partnership; the possibility of separating the main (product) and the related segments; the ability of competing entities to consolidate interests; availability of tools to maintain the flexibility of the system of cluster interactions; the possibility of implementing a common technical and technological policy of integrating entities; the possibility of creating an adequate infrastructure support system, etc. Based on the strengths and weaknesses of the existing system of integration interactions in the agro-food complex of the Voronezh region identified as a result of the SWOT analysis, the opportunities and threats to its development, a matrix of actions to improve it was substantiated.
The choice of methods for substantiating the parameters of development of rural areas is an important issue of strategic planning and management, the solution of which should take into account many aspects of their functioning. The purpose of the study is to determine the parameters of sustainable development of rural areas in order to select the most effective tools for managing it. The substantiation of the strategic parameters of complex economic systems is carried out by methods of economic forecasting, which, according to one of the main classification features - the degree of formalization, are divided into intuitive and formalized methods. At the same time, formalized methods include two subgroups: extrapolation methods (methods of least squares, exponential smoothing, moving averages) and modeling methods (structural, network and matrix modeling), which allow obtaining a multicomponent indicator designed to determine the vector of socio-economic development of rural areas in conjunction with dynamic changes in the agricultural sector. To substantiate the strategy for sustainable development of rural areas of the region, we propose to use an economic and mathematical model for optimizing strategic parameters, which, unlike previously known ones, along with optimizing the structure of agricultural production, includes the optimization of other activities in such areas - education, healthcare, culture, social infrastructure , ecology, etc. The goal of agriculture as the foundation of the rural economy is to obtain the maximum amount of profit, at the same time, the goal of the social sphere is to provide rational services to the rural population, moreover, their implementation should take place in conditions of preserving the ecosystem and ecology. The optimality criterion in the economic and mathematical model for optimizing the sectoral structure of production, represented by the maximum profit with a minimum of material and monetary costs, is completely unsuitable for the economic and mathematical model for optimizing the development of rural areas, since the goals of activities in rural areas (agriculture, education healthcare, culture, social infrastructure, ecology, etc.) are different. The article presents the results of solving the model, taking into account scenarios for the development of rural areas of the Voronezh region.
In the domestic and foreign scientific literature, various directions for improving the accounting and analytical support for managing the sustainable development of economic entities are being developed. A significant backlog of practical accounting from the achievements of accounting as a branch of scientific knowledge is revealed. At the same time, the system of indicators formed in the reporting in accordance with international financial reporting standards and domestic federal standards is limited to financial indicators. To improve the quality of accounting and analytical support of the management system, it becomes necessary to disclose information by generating financial and non-financial indicators about various types of capital, the business model of the organization, and significant risks. Existing reporting is limited to performance indicators for the calendar year. There is a need to provide information about the organization's strategy and the stages of its implementation in the long and short term. The article outlines approaches to the formation of reporting data that characterize the influence of various factors on the creation of value and values. The main directions for improving corporate reporting in the agricultural sector of the economy are based on the conceptual provisions of domestic and international financial reporting standards, as well as reporting standards on sustainable development and integrated reporting. With regard to the agricultural sector of the economy, it is proposed to draw up a report on value added, as well as to form separate elements of integrated reporting. The necessity of harmonization of financial and non-financial indicators to assess their mutual influence on the organization's ability to create value and achieve strategic goals is proved. Disclosed information of a financial and non-financial nature will allow us to analyze the efficiency of using various types of capital and assess the possibility of their reproduction, as well as ensure the sustainable development of the organization.
The structure of the economy of the fishery complex is an association of several industries, which for the purposes of analysis can be conditionally divided into two large independent but functionally related production systems: the fishing industry and fisheries. The once debugged mechanism of state management of the fishing industry and fisheries within the framework of a single body of sectoral management - the Ministry became one of the first objects of transformation under the influence of the deep socio-economic crisis of the 1990s, which has not yet overcome its devastating consequences. From the standpoint of today, the transformations carried out were extremely unsuccessful. The most difficult in terms of its consequences was the rejection of a systematic approach to organizing the work of a complex economic complex. As a result of the separation of the resource base of the entire industrial component - shipbuilding, transport, construction, service services from economic and management activities, it led to a rupture of the life cycle of commodity production. Meanwhile, improving the efficiency of the entire complex is essentially one of the national goals of the country's socio-economic development.
In modern conditions, the innovative development of the agrarian sphere of the regional agro-industrial complex is conditioned by the appropriate institutional environment reflecting the interaction of human capital and production resources. The development and functioning of modern socio-economic systems is accompanied by nonlinear effects of the dynamics of transitional processes of functioning and transformational development procedures, negative effects in the dynamics of the world economy caused by the pandemic of corona virus infection, sanctions pressure, violation of the proportions of social production, increasing effects of crisis dynamics in the activities of economic entities. The agro-industrial complex is a priority sector of the economy that requires a transition to a fundamentally new level of functioning, when innovative technologies and effective methods of economic activity are introduced in the digital economy. At the same time, information is one of the most important types of production resources, the importance of information and communication technologies is growing, and the role of man in modern agricultural production is radically changing. In the digital economy, human capital, as a special resource of agricultural formations, reflects the human potential of the agricultural sector and acts as an institutional factor of innovative development of agriculture. The article analyzes the factors of the formation of the institutional environment that ensures the innovative development of the agro-industrial complex. Using the example of agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Tatarstan, it is shown that in the course of agrarian transformations, priority attention is paid to the processes of formation of human resources as a factor ensuring the creation of an institutional environment. The use of a systematic approach in the management of the agro-industrial complex of the region and the measures taken by the state to support agricultural producers in Tatarstan led to the preservation of the potential of agro-industrial production and ensured the sustainable development of the agricultural sector.