The study assesses the state of the food systems of the developed countries of the world, considers the effects of the impact of the COVID-19 virus. The challenges of COVID-19 in food supply chains and the degree of resilience that supply chains have demonstrated in developed countries are analyzed. The impact of COVID-19 on various types of food transportation is considered. Complementary and mutually reinforcing trends affecting food systems during the COVID-19 pandemic have been identified. The impact of COVID-19 on consumer demand is analyzed. An assessment is made of the impact of COVID-19 related trends in food systems affecting aspects of food security. The interdependence between the COVID-19 pandemic and the components of food security is examined, indicating the significance of each of the components in the analysis of the consequences of the food crisis in terms of food security. Some measures have been identified to prevent a food crisis caused by the consequences of the spread of COVID-19. There is a significant need to move towards a more forward-looking food systems policy package.
The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the formation and modernization of the management system of agro-industrial clusters in the context of digital transformation of industries and economic relations. Global trends, the activation of digitalization processes require the transformation of the control system. This is due to the need to use new IT technologies and directions of industry development, which is an incentive to activate and increase the efficiency of the management system itself. The general concept of the development of the management system is implemented by "combining" and coordinating the ties of various subjects and control objects into a single space. The accumulation, systematization and generalization of traditional-historical and modern IT technologies and techniques of the management system are elements of integration and activation of the use of network, cluster and other innovative mechanisms in the field of modernization of the management system in the agro-industrial complex. The study of integrated control systems in system-forming innovative agricultural clusters will make it possible to develop recommendations for the formation of a model for their management using the concept of a "triple spiral" and modern digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex. It was concluded that digital transformation is highly important for the development of agro-industrial clusters in modern conditions.
Export food potential risks associated with the current situation in the domestic and foreign markets have a significant impact on both production results and exports of food and agricultural raw materials. For their objective assessment, forecasting and further management of potential consequences, it is necessary to study risk situations, present the model in the context of risk factors, causes and threats. The authors developed a generalized model of the risk situation, determined the place of risk factors in it, and established the general principles of their influence on the management object. The authors have determined that the risk event contains negative and positive impulses, which generate risk factors for the formation and development of export food potential, leading to a change in its expected quantitative and qualitative characteristics. To develop tools for influencing risk factors, groups were identified (in relation to the research or management object, by level of occurrence, by source of origin) and the main classes of risk factors for the formation and development of export food potential were identified. The results are the foundation for further developments in the methodology of risk-oriented management of the export food potential of the country and regions. The classification system of risk factors developed in the article is conditionally constant and can be supplemented and expanded in the context of a dynamically changing environment and the specifics of foreign trade.
To further improve the agri-food policy, taking into account the trends and prospects of agricultural production, external risks, it is necessary to make adjustments to strategic scientific and educational priorities, increase the efficiency of knowledge transfer through the system of rapid formation and updating of competencies in the conditions of digital transformation of agro-industrial production. The purpose of the study was to identify problems and trends in the staffing of the agro-industrial complex, to determine the prospects for its development. Methods of research: abstract-logical, comparisons and expert assessments. The main trends in the system of vocational education are connected not only with the search for new training formats, but also new roles for all participants in the educational process. The implementation of the main directions of the agro-food policy of the Russian Federation largely depends on the level of staffing of the organizations of the agro-industrial complex with highly qualified personnel capable of ensuring the effective functioning and development of production in the conditions of import substitution. In this regard, there is now an urgent need to develop a more effective mechanism for providing agro-industrial production with qualified personnel, taking into account the current state and trends in the staffing of the agro-industrial complex. The formation of the state personnel policy in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation at the present stage, of course, should be based on research of the personnel potential of agricultural organizations of the Russian Federation, taking into account both quantitative and qualitative parameters. The main problems of the agricultural education system are grouped into 4 blocks. In order to form human resources for the sustainable development of agricultural production and rural areas, capable of ensuring food security of the country, a set of organizational, regulatory and economic measures is proposed.
The article examines the results of bidding for 2021 on transactions for the right to conclude lease agreements for agricultural land plots owned by the state or municipal property of the Russian Federation. The availability, gratuitousness and openness of the information posted on the state portal in the unified information system of the Russian Federation made it possible to analyze the scale and evaluate the results of the transactions in the context of federal districts. The groupings by lease term, area, deviation of the final rent from the initial one, form of ownership of land plots are presented. According to the types of ownership of land plots, their final annual rent was compared with the cadastral value and indicators characterizing market rental relations were calculated - the coefficient and the capitalization period. The results of the transactions that took place and failed, transactions with one participant are considered. Examples of completed transactions with land plots with exclusive characteristics and examples of failed transactions due to refusal to conclude a lease contract are given.
Existing approaches to the problem of the organizational and economic mechanism for the development of rural areas are analyzed. Unfortunately, an important specificity of the development of rural areas is often left aside, which consists in the fact that rural areas are constantly under the strong influence of the economic law of territorial concentration of production, due to which there is not sustainable development, but a growing lag in the development of most rural areas from urban, including the lag in income, in the provision of infrastructure for life and production, education, healthcare, etc. These features make it necessary to raise the question of an organizational and economic mechanism for supporting the development of rural areas, and therefore it is necessary to further develop it, including, in terms of definition, the composition of subjects and objects, peculiarities and main features. It is investigated which economic actors are the subjects of influence on the development of rural areas and which are the objects of such influence, but can become successful subjects of self-development. Many subjects of influence on the development of rural areas (enterprises, associations, organizations, including non-profit ones, entrepreneurs, state-administrative structures, citizens and associations of citizens etc.), each of which, strictly speaking, has its own mechanism of influence, allows us to conclude that there is a multicomponent system of organizational and economic mechanisms. It is necessary to take into account the heterogeneity of this system, the possibility of contradictions and, accordingly, the need to identify, analyze the impact and improve its individual parts, increase the overall positive impact on the development of rural areas. The special nature of the subjectivity of rural areas lies in the fact that they, despite the numerous positive externalities of their development, do not have direct representation at the highest level of government. In this regard, as a way to increase the representation of interests and subjectivity of rural areas, the creation of a special body on a national scale, both at the legislative and executive levels, is considered.
The study reveals a methodological approach to the organization of monitoring the volatility of cash flows to identify possible problems in the interaction of agricultural actors. The relevance of the study is related to the need for timely application of state regulation tools to maintain the continuity of interaction of agricultural actors in the implementation of various risks. The latter is especially relevant considering the national interest "sustainable development and modernization of agriculture and fisheries and infrastructure of the domestic market", defined in the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation. Volatility monitoring is proposed to carry out using the available information from the Payment System of the Bank. The Bank of Russia, as the operator of the PS BR, has access to real-time data on the operations of the actors of the Payment System of the Bank. It is possible to promptly analyze the process of interaction of agricultural actors by monitoring the volatility of cash flows. Based on the Shuhart maps, the research determines the boundary values, the intersection of which reflects an increase in the risks of disruption of the stability of the functioning of agricultural actors. It is determined that the volatility of the cash flow in the field of agriculture until 01.01.2024 should be in the range from 0.9 to 35.1%. The exit of the volatility of the cash flow beyond these limits means the emergence of non-standard interaction practices and should be the subject of analysis. Identification of non-standard practices of economic interaction by considering the volatility of cash flows will make it possible to timely apply tools of state influence, allowing supporting agricultural actors. The Bank of Russia, having identified the occurrence of critical levels of cash flow volatility, must provide this information to the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, which has the necessary competencies in terms of providing support to agricultural actors.
Despite the positive dynamics of the implementation of the federal project "Export of agricultural products," problems and barriers to the development of export activities remain, which are intensified under the influence of sanctions pressure, restrictive measures and the transformation of global markets. The methods of comparative analysis and the management stakeholder, situational and systematic approaches to the study of economic reality were used to form directions for improving the organizational and economic mechanism of export support. The main problem is that despite the implementation of measures and forms of support for export activities, there is a low initiative among the subjects of the agro-industrial complex and a lack of economic interest among potential exporters. In order to resolve the problem, strategies for interaction of stakeholders of various types are proposed to search for new sources of economic growth in the export of agricultural products in the regions. Active involvement and interaction of executive authorities with agro-industrial complex entities will create an effective infrastructure for supporting the export of agro-industrial complex products at regional levels. It is suggested that the improvement of the organizational and economic mechanism for supporting the export of agricultural products on the basis of harmonizing the goals of stakeholders and the corresponding system of control indicators will make it possible to form a strategy for the sustainable development of agricultural exports of the Russian Federation in the long term.
Objective changes in the development of agriculture have led to the formation of a new model of functioning, which is characterized by fundamentally new technologies, features and priorities. Further development of agricultural production is closely connected with the use of so-called "high technologies", which are based on the use of the achievements of the digital revolution. A characteristic feature of the current stage of development of the agricultural sector of the economy are deep and fundamental changes in virtually all its spheres, directly or indirectly affecting the management system of agricultural enterprises, which it is advisable to consider as dynamic, since the forms, methods and functions of the system are under the simultaneous influence of many factors. The above-mentioned becomes particularly relevant in the conditions of digitalization of agricultural production and the influence of information and communication technologies on the management system of agricultural business entities. The management system of an agricultural enterprise characterizes the ability of a commodity producer to maintain its certainty, the vector of movement and optimal functioning in conditions of maintaining a state of dynamic equilibrium between internal and external factors of the enterprise. The article examines the processes of formation and development of the digital economy of the Russian Federation, examines the differences and features of its functioning and the impact on the competitiveness of the domestic economy. It is determined that the digitalization of the country is not a simple transition to electronic governance, but a full-scale introduction of digital technologies into all spheres of society: from education, skills, production, business to bridging the digital divide and creating a full-fledged digital infrastructure. The main information and communication technologies for agricultural production are considered. The fundamental points of the country's digital strategy are identified; the problems of digitalization of industries, in particular the agro-industrial complex, and ways to solve them are outlined.