For a quarter of a century, the main direction in the development of the food market in Russia was to increase the production of agricultural products and reduce dependence on food imports. Thanks to the well-known measures to improve all areas of activity in the countryside, it was possible to exceed the self-sufficiency thresholds for most types of food and multiply the export of grain and other food products. The dynamics of food consumption looks much more modest. The slow pace of meeting food needs is due not only to the relatively low level and trend of increasing incomes of the population, but also to the weak interest of most food market participants in achieving the final results of the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation. Under these conditions, the role of public authorities, on the one hand, through the formation of a competitive food market, and, on the other, the full application of measures to protect and implement social human rights, including meeting food needs, should be manifested with particular force. Assessing the current regulatory framework and practices of the food market, one can argue about the existence of relatively reliable and consistently applied rules and methods to support its resource content and about the fragmented, local and fragmented nature of mechanisms to stimulate food demand.
This article examines how digital technologies help cooperatives improve their efficiency, sustainability and competitiveness. The analysis of the statistics of the international cooperative alliance made it possible to show the main trends in the field of digitalization of cooperative organizations. The features of creating websites and online platforms for cooperatives have been analyzed. Reviewed key steps to build and launch a website for the co-op. Based on the analysis of the websites of the largest agricultural cooperatives in the world, a flowchart of the website structure for the agricultural cooperative was compiled. Shows the essential differences between a cooperative website and a corporate website. The site can include sections on membership - an explanation of how to become a member of the cooperative, what benefits it gives. The website provides an opportunity for cooperative members to participate in discussions, leave feedback and suggestions, which can be implemented through forums or polls. Foreign digital tools that can be used by cooperatives and their analogues for Russia are considered. Digital communication and marketing tools can help cooperatives grow their audiences, improve member engagement, and market their products. LETS systems are considered as a tool for the development of the local rural economy. It shows how cooperatives can use alternative exchange systems to create a sustainable and fair system of trade within rural areas.
The article considers the trends of innovation implementation in the agro-industrial complex in the Russian Federation and abroad, analyzes the consequences of the implementation of climate change risks for the agro-industrial complex. The issues of the selected areas of automation in agriculture are considered, and the place of artificial intelligence in the development of agricultural automation is analyzed separately. The role of insurance in the development of agricultural automation is considered, promising types of insurance related to agricultural automation are identified. The authors will analyze the capacity of the agricultural market in the Russian Federation and abroad, and determine the conditions for achieving the sustainable development goals declared by the UN for the domestic agro-industrial complex. The authors identified the main directions of innovative development of the agricultural market in the Russian Federation, analyzed the experience of innovative development of foreign companies and proposed ways to introduce innovations for the domestic agro-industrial complex. Based on an analysis of the competitive advantages of the domestic agro-industrial complex, priority directions for the development of the domestic agricultural market are substantiated, taking into account the current geopolitical situation. The work identifies the advantages and disadvantages of options for the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation, including both options for state support and options for attracting investments from foreign companies from friendly countries. The practical results obtained during the study can be used both by government organizations developing models for the development of the agro-industrial complex with state support, and by commercial companies in the Russian Federation considering options for attracting financing from non-residents from friendly countries.
The study is based on the materials of the Astrakhan Region and the Republic of Kalmykia, related to the arid regions of the Southern Federal District, for both regions, the development of agriculture is of strategic importance. The article presents quantitative and financial indicators for the development of agricultural insurance, carried out with state support, in certain arid regions of the Southern Federal District (Astrakhan Region and the Republic of Kalmykia). It was concluded that the coverage of crop areas by insurance in these regions amounted to 6% and 3%, respectively, in dynamics there is a decrease in the coverage of livestock insurance in 2022 in the Astrakhan Region and its absence in the Republic of Kalmykia. Financial indicators in the arid regions of the Southern Federal District showed that agricultural insurance, carried out with state support at present, has not gained popularity among farmers. The article highlights the main reasons for the insufficient development of the risk insurance system in agriculture in arid territories.
Investment development is the basis for sustainable economic growth. At the same time, modern economic conditions are characterized by increased political, socio-economic and environmental risks, increased sanctions pressure, leading to limited external investment resources and the reduction in domestic sources of borrowing. In this regard, the issues of determining the investment attractiveness of regions and sectors of the economy are becoming highly important, which requires scientific research in this area. The article substantiates approaches to assessing the investment attractiveness of agriculture. These approaches are based on the theories of reproduction, economic growth, investment, capital and risks. At the same time, the study is based on the principles of reliability, objectivity, development and consistency, characterizing a set of factors that form investment potential and minimize investment risks in the context of building a new model of economic development. The analysis of the investment potential was carried out on the basis of a cumulative integrated assessment, including production, labor, consumer, financial and infrastructural potentials. The assessment of investment risks included financial, economic and social risks. The use of the proposed methodological approaches made it possible to determine the integral indicator of the investment attractiveness of agriculture in the subjects of the Russian Federation, to rank the regions of the country and to group them depending on the level of investment attractiveness of the agricultural sector of the economy. The authors propose the main directions for increasing investment potential and reducing industry risks in modern conditions in order to increase the investment attractiveness of agriculture.
The priorities of innovative development of Russian agriculture as a factor in counteracting Western economic sanctions are substantiated. Particular attention is paid to its most problematic sub-sectors. In their development, it is recommended to be guided by Russia's national goals, including in the area of its food security, the formation of export potential and the restoration of the technological sovereignty of agriculture without reducing its productivity and efficiency. An analysis of the country's food independence was carried out for the main types of food products and it was found that in 2023 it has not yet been possible to ensure it for milk, vegetables, fruits and berries. The results of an analysis of sanctions threats to Russian agricultural exports are presented. An assessment was made of the economic and physical accessibility of food in Russia, taking into account rational consumption standards that meet the requirements of a healthy diet. For this purpose, a refined indicator for assessing the country’s food independence and security is proposed. The missing volumes of production in Russia for beef, milk, vegetables and fruits to fill the domestic market in volumes not lower than the recommended nutritional standards per capita have been calculated. A comparative analysis of price dynamics for meat and dairy products from livestock farming has been carried out. An assessment has been made of the existing depreciation of fixed assets in Russian agriculture, the profitability of its products, and the dependence on foreign resources and labor in crop and livestock production. Recommendations are given to combat the personnel shortage as one of the most serious problems in the industry. The results obtained during the study were compared with the results of studies in a similar subject area published in leading periodicals.
The article develops a classification of agricultural technologies by levels of intensification in the production of seed grain on the example of Verhnevolzhsky region. The sources of information were: science literature, the results of experimental investigations conducted in Verhnevolzhsky FASC, the reports from Ministry of Agriculture of Vladimir region. They were discussed: the purpose and quality characteristics of seed grain, natural, technological and other conditions during its production at various levels of intensification (extensive, normal and intensive). The opinion was described that it is most appropriate to grow seeds at the normal level of technological intensity. The low level of development of breeding and seed production work in the country, the high dependence on imports of high-quality seed products, the weak role of the state in managing this important process, and lack of financial state support for seed production enterprises were described. The characteristics of the main technological elements were given, and the grain yield was shown according to the levels of intensification. The specific technological operations for the production of seed grain were identified. The results of calculating the economic efficiency indicators for the research object are presented. In specialized seed-growing enterprises, it is possible to obtain the following marginal income per hectare from the sale of seed material: for “Original seeds” category - 56620 rub., for “Elite seeds” category – 35620 rub. and the high level of return on sales (approximately 70%). When selling reproductive seeds of classes 1 and 2, the payback of variable costs is 1, 73 rubles/ruble, which corresponds to a profitability level of about 45%, taking into account the full prime cost of production. In the multi-branch agricultural enterprises and specialized grain-growing enterprises functioned on the base of intensive technologies and manufacted grain for production purposes, over plus of seeds may be sold (after setting of seed and carryover funds) on the prices of food grain with profitability about 52%.
The authors of this work studied the indicators of land use efficiency in 117 large agricultural formations in the central and northern natural and economic zones of the Krasnodar Territory. Agricultural organizations that conduct both traditional agricultural entrepreneurship (crop production, animal husbandry, processing of agricultural raw materials) and economic entities specializing only in the production of crop production were selected in the studied set. The influence of the production orientation on the indicators of the efficiency of agricultural land use has been revealed. The paper examines the dynamics of the area of land by their categories, forms of ownership, types of agricultural land. The authors argue that the increase in the efficiency of the functioning of business entities in the agricultural sector of the economy largely depends on the share of agricultural land owned by economic entities. The increase in the share of land covered by the triad of ownership (right of use, right of ownership and right of disposal) ensures the formation of a scientifically based crop rotation, the implementation of protective measures to preserve the ecological environment of production and population, reduces staff turnover, etc. In addition, the article highlights the reasons that determine the time fractal of lease agreements land and its influence on the composition of crop rotation of agricultural crops.
One of the key tasks in the activities of government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is the implementation of regional development. Not only the level and quality of life of the population, but also the possibility of the socio-economic well-being of the territory in a strategic perspective depends on its effectiveness. The purpose of the study is to assess the main directions of regional development using the example of the Krasnodar Territory in the context of a systems approach. When carrying out the research, the regional characteristics of the Krasnodar Territory were taken into account, including the specifics of its demographic policy, the presence of resource potential, and unique economic, political and socio-cultural characteristics. The main research methods were dialectical and statistical methods, as well as a systematic approach method, which allows taking into account the relationships between groups of factors influencing the implementation of regional development. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the Krasnodar region is characterized by sufficient potential for regional development, both in economic and social contexts. The policy pursued by the regional government authorities makes it possible to systematically increase a number of characteristics of the territory's development; however, a significant problem is the discrepancy between the results of regional development and the expectations of the population in this direction. In addition, the potential effectiveness of regulation of regional socio-economic systems of the Krasnodar Territory is reduced by disproportions in the development of urban and rural areas. In this regard, as one of the conceptual elements of the strategy for increasing the efficiency of regional development, the authors propose the optimization of program-targeted tools for increasing the level and quality of life of the population. Optimizing the strategy for regulating regional development can significantly increase the overall efficiency of managing the socio-economic systems of the region.
This article is devoted to the assessment of state grant support for peasant (farming) households in the Leningrad Region. It was found that the total volume of grant support in the region for the period since 2015 amounted to 1454.1373 million rubles, and the annual fund reached a record figure of 219354.9 thousand rubles by the end of 2023. The main share of payments in the structure of the annual grant support fund, both for the period as a whole and by the end of 2023, falls on the Family Farms program (52.7% and 70.8%, respectively). Since 2020, there has been a decrease in the number of farms supported by grants in the region. In 2023, 24 farmers in the region received a grant. Against the background of a decrease in the number of farms supported by grants, the average size of the grant received by farmers in the region has been growing since 2021, primarily due to a noticeable increase in payments under the Family Farms program. The aspect under study has established a shift in the regulator's attention from beginning farmers to established farms. It has been established that, based on the results of 2023, the share of farmers who received grant support in the total number of farms that received financial support was 11.6%, which is the lowest value since 2018. The problem of uneven distribution of grant support between the districts of the region remains. Thus, more than half of the grants provided to farmers in 2023 fall on three municipal districts out of sixteen: Gatchinsky District (29.2%), Volosovsky District (16.7%), Kirovsky District (16.7%). In general, the level of grant support does not allow to overcome negative changes in the quantitative development of farming in the Leningrad Region.