An analytical assessment of the state of rural social infrastructure development is presented, taking into account the staffing and logistical components of infrastructure facilities and the physical accessibility of social services and food. The development of long-term plans for the socio-economic development of rural areas and the placement of social facilities should be carried out taking into account rural settlement, based on reasonable standards of pedestrian and transport accessibility of social facilities. The negative consequences of the policy of optimizing basic infrastructure facilities that have been taking place in rural areas since 2010 are revealed. A colossal lack of investment in social infrastructure facilities in rural areas has been revealed, which has affected its lagging behind the modern needs of service recipients. Proposals are presented to improve the effectiveness of state regulation in the basic areas of rural social infrastructure, taking into account federal programs aimed at filling the shortage of personnel in education, healthcare, culture and sports..
In the light of the new paradigm of socio-economic development of the village, based on the principles of inclusive growth, and the transition of the domestic agricultural industry to the sixth technological way, the problems of employment of rural residents released to the labor market, the acquisition of digital competencies and skills, the growth of wages become relevant rural payments adequate to new economic realities and the level of their education. At the same time, the technological multi-laying of the country's agriculture contributed to the differentiation of demand for highly and low-qualified personnel in rural settlements, which is why the human capital of rural territories is used unevenly and irrelevant. The introduction of digital technologies in agriculture in the framework of the new technological structure has led to a shortage of qualified personnel with competencies at the junction of agrarian knowledge and digital technologies, which is largely due to the low educational level of the rural population and the insufficient level of ownership of digital skills. The limiter of the starting opportunities for obtaining a quality education for the rural population is the low level of disposable resources of rural households and the high level of the villagers. The growth of digitalization and increasing the level of ownership of digital skills is one of the factors in improving the quality of life in the village. With the expansion of access to the Internet in rural territories, large socio-economic shifts in the field of labor relations occur. There are such forms of employment as self -employment, remote, platform and mixed employment, which contributes to the involvement of a larger number of rural residents in the economy. The study made it possible to determine the main features of the formation and substantiate the conditions for the development of rural human capital in the context of civilizational and scientific and technological transformations.
The influence of the parameters of development of the Russian agricultural sector on the need for workers is studied. Using econometric models, a forecast estimate of the demand for labor in agriculture, forestry, hunting and fishing is made based on the criteria of sectoral development laid down in state program documents: the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and Regulation of Agricultural Products, Raw Materials and Food Markets (State Program), the Strategy for the Development of the Agro-Industrial and Fishing Complexes of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2030 (Strategy) and the forecast of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation up to 2027. The forecast for the development of agricultural sector in Russia is based on the results of the study. A decrease in the need for workers is predicted for all expected options for the sector development. At the same time, a serious shortage of personnel in agricultural production is noted, both at present and in the future, especially in accordance with the expected growth rates of investment in fixed assets. It is calculated that by 2030 the output growth rates specified in the State Program may lead to a decrease in labor demand in the industry by 161 thousand people relative to the 2023 level; the implementation of the basic version of the Strategy assumes a decrease in the number of employees by 217 thousand people compared to the 2023 data, and the target version of the Strategy - by 661 thousand people compared to the 2023. The dynamics of investments in fixed capital of the industry, laid down in the State Program, will lead to labor demand in 2030 at the 2023 level; according to the target and basic versions of the Strategy, the need for workers will be 5.9 and 19.8% higher, respectively, than in 2023. The problem of attracting qualified personnel to the industry in the medium term is expected to prevail over the problem of labor release in agricultural production. It is advisable to use the obtained estimates as basic guidelines for long-term planning of the development of the agro-industrial complex and rural areas.
Due to the dramatic increase in the global population and its projected further increase to 10.4 billion people by 2050, the issue of increasing the production of animal and plant protein arises. Soybean is a crop whose seeds can contain up to 57% of complete, balanced in amino acid composition protein, which can be used for human nutrition. The President of Russia has set the task to “produce original and elite seeds of agricultural plants” until 2026 as part of the development of the agro-industrial complex and ensuring food security of the state. Soybean is included in the list of agricultural crops of special importance for the country's economy, but the average age of varieties of domestic selection on the market is from 10 to 20 years, which is twice as long as the varieties of foreign selection used in Russia. In this regard, the priority task for the state is to develop its own breeding by applying a new digital development model: from preparation for sowing to obtaining varietal seeds. It will significantly improve scientific and analytical support of the breeding process and draft decisions, including those of organizational and economic nature, by modernizing the mechanism for determining the amount and payment of royalties, improving venture mechanisms for financing breeding developments, increasing the share of domestic soybean breeders and processors in the structure of the global market, etc.
The article primarily considers the current situation on the labor market in Russia, which is characterized as more liberal with minimal regulation by the state. This approach to this problem is not justified, because at present the situation in this market has changed dramatically. And it acquires the features of a real social threat. That is why the article examines in detail systemic problems in the field of employment of the population that require urgent solutions. This is primarily a state system of school, higher and secondary vocational education, which is poorly focused on meeting the needs of production in working engineering personnel. Low wages of employees, especially against the background of high incomes of owners and managers, force them to look for alternative types of employment. In addition, the existing employment structure is extremely opaque because about a quarter of the able-bodied are employed in the shadow sector of the economy. The work of several million men in the security business is wasteful employment. Due to the numerous inspectors who control the Russian business, it is forced to keep a large number of non-production personnel. The growing need for workers is met by cheap and unskilled external labor migration. Given its legal unsettlement, this problem requires the adoption of urgent state measures to improve migration policy with the CIS countries. The article proposes systemic measures to restore the current order of labor migration. At the same time, it is necessary to implement systemic measures to reveal and effectively apply the labor potential of the Russian people. A restructuring of state social policy from excessive paternalism to moderate social coercion to work is proposed.
Due to the conditional balancing of the federal budget under the deficit, sanctions, contractual SWO, the essence of the assessment of the effectiveness of budget expenditures should be adjusted towards the effectiveness of achieving the goals of sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex. It becomes important not only to quantitatively assess the compliance of budget expenditures efficiency, but also the compliance of budget expenditures with the set goals of sustainable growth of the agro-industrial complex. The article studies the types of budget expenditures for the development of the agro-industrial complex in 2025-2027. Priority directions of budget expenditures contributing to a significant increase in output and productivity in the agro-industrial complex, investment in assets and labor income are highlighted. The urgent need to reduce inefficient expenditures on the growing budgetary sphere, which leads to underfunding of the needs of real producers of globally competitive agricultural products, is outlined. The efficiency of federal budget expenditures on the agro-industrial complex is studied through quantitative assessment of the correlation of output growth to the increment of expenditures and preferences. The evaluation of spending efficiency is considered as a continuous process. It is proved that the coefficient of spending efficiency is in inverse dependence on the growth of inefficient expenditures. Examples of inefficient use of funds in the agro-industrial complex are given. The target trajectory for assessing the effectiveness of budgetary expenditures on the agro-industrial complex is ensuring dynamic sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex with the coefficient of efficiency of spending above 1 with an annual increase in production of 10%.
The article substantiates one of the directions of increasing the sustainability of agriculture in the regions as digitalization. The authors identified the reasons hindering the introduction of digital technologies into agriculture in the northern regions and also proposed directions for the development of digitalization of agriculture. Special attention is paid to the main factors of agriculture that affect the specifics of the process of digital transformation of the industry, which are. As a result, the authors highlight the stages of transition to the digital transformation of agriculture in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), highlighting the role and interests of the state and representatives of agribusiness. It is proposed to create a single digital platform for agriculture in the region, ensuring the integration of information information of the industry and its governing bodies represented by government agencies into a single digital space of the agricultural sector based on the modernization of production processes, providing reliable and prompt access to the Internet, as well as obtaining work skills and competencies with digital technologies.
The article considers methodological approaches to the rational interaction of agricultural producers with development institutions in order to overcome the obstacles facing the agricultural sector: sanctions of unfriendly states, a shortage of own and borrowed resources (in conditions of an increased Central Bank rate), insufficient state support. Development institutions act as a catalyst for both public and private investments in priority sub-sectors of the agricultural sector, defined by national projects and the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture for the period 2017-2030. It is noted that the very definition of the "institute of innovative development" contains 2 conceptual provisions: firstly, it should be an organization that carries out innovative activities and is a recipient of state support, and secondly, this organization is granted the right to provide financial support to subjects of innovative activity itself. The priority directions of development of the agricultural sector of the economy aimed at import substitution, import conservation and achieving sovereignty in high-tech means of production are considered. The necessity of transition to natural high-precision technologies, taking into account the adaptation of ecosystems of the agricultural sector to climate change, natural disasters and reducing the negative impact of anthropogenic activities on the environment, is substantiated. In methodological terms, in relation to the activities of development institutions, it is advisable to use a systemic reproductive approach, since agricultural production is a complex socio-economic system, which by its structure consists of functional and organizational and economic subsystems. The studied branch of the economy is an open natural and biological system between living organisms: soil-plant-animal-human and the environment. Based on the system-reproduction methodology, the paper proposes a model of interaction between development institutions, specialized funds and subsystems of agricultural production. It is proved that for each natural and economic zone, based on research by scientific organizations, a regional regulatory and technological model of agricultural production in electronic form should be created, which will allow, based on a comparative analysis, to make the necessary adjustments to technological policy, including those related to the interaction of an agricultural producer with the development institute. After attracting financial resources (or material and technical resources) of the development institute, a general assessment of the process of intensification of the organization's production, its innovation and investment activities is carried out. The main method for determining the necessary parameters, in order to achieve the process of extended reproduction, can be analytical modeling, which allows you to determine various variants of the model (interaction with the development institute) for discussion, without experimenting on a real object.
The agriculture demonstrates a long-term positive trend in terms of production volumes of the main types of agricultural products. Most of these products (56%) are created by small business entities that are only formally equal market participants. In order to further increase the volume of agricultural products, the control of rural areas, and improve the standard of living in them, it is necessary to increase the importance of agricultural cooperation. Only this tool has the necessary reserves to ensure the competitiveness of small business entities and increase the efficiency of their economic activities. This is confirmed by domestic and foreign experience, as well as the effective functioning of the cooperative system in certain regions of the country. The basis of such development is administrative support from the settlement level, indicating those responsible to the highest level of the executive power of the region, the availability of appropriate development programs, and the provision of consulting services. To ensure the priority of agricultural cooperation, it is proposed to develop and adopt a Strategy for the development of agricultural cooperation for the long term, increase the level of coverage of existing cooperatives with state support, purposefully inform about the advantages of cooperation, and improve certain articles of federal laws.
The problem of increasing labor productivity and employee motivation for high-performance work is typical for the entire real sector of the modern economy. It is associated with the alienation of employees from work and its results. The private form of ownership by appropriation has not solved the issues of the agricultural sector either in terms of increasing the attractiveness of work in the industry, or in terms of increasing labor productivity. The state form of ownership is also on an equal footing with the state in relation to the issue of alienation of labor; moreover, the problem is also aggravated in the aspect of managerial personnel. If the owner, who carries out strategic and, often, current management of the company's activities, is vitally interested in development and financial results, then under state ownership, the head is just as influenced by the alienation factor as a simple worker. The solution to the problem of eliminating the factor of alienation that is demotivating for the development of any enterprise can be found through the development of such organizational and legal forms of enterprises as agricultural production cooperatives and closed joint-stock companies of workers – people's enterprises. While agricultural production cooperatives occupy a small niche in the structure of agricultural enterprises, even the majority of managers and business owners do not know about closed joint-stock companies of employees (national enterprises) in which shares belong to the workforce. The article examines the activities of national enterprises in the aspect of the alienation factor, as the root cause of low motivation of employees for high-performance work.