The article analyzes the correspondence of the share of middle-level agricultural specialists enrolled in training programs to the long-term development goals of the country's agricultural sector. The structure of training of such personnel is compared with the contribution to the gross regional product of the type of economic activity "Agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming" and the number of people engaged in this type of activity in the context of the macro-regions of Russia. The study shows the difference between the federal districts of the country according to the criteria for allocating the volume of budget places for the training of middle-level specialists in the programs of enlarged groups of specialties and areas of training 35 "Agriculture, forestry and fisheries" and 36 "Veterinary and zootechnics," reduced to the indicators of the provision of GRP and the share of people employed in the agro-industrial sector of the economy. The analysis shows an imbalance in the structure of training agricultural personnel with secondary vocational education with the need for them in the federal districts of the country.
The article is a continuation of the work published earlier. It is devoted to the development of an organizational and economic mechanism to support the specifics of the development of rural areas, the specificity of which is that rural areas are constantly under the strong influence of the economic law of territorial concentration of production. Due to a number of economic advantages of large cities and agglomeration, there is not sustainable development, but a growing lag in the development of most rural areas from urban areas. We are talking about the lag in income, in the provision of infrastructure for life, production, education and health care, in opportunities for highly skilled and well-paid work and, because of this, inequality in natural population growth. The composition of the organizational and economic mechanism for the development of rural areas has been developed, ordered by subjects of influence, the main forms and tools of influence are indicated, as well as the scheme of operation of the generalized mechanism, which, taking into account the theory of design of mechanisms, allows us to draw an important conclusion about the need to analyze the incentives planned and actually generated by the mechanism and subsequent adjustment of the forms of implementation of the mechanism to obtain the required compliance incentives. Based on the conclusions drawn, taking into account the results of previous studies, a list of ten most important features of a new organizational and economic mechanism for supporting the development of rural areas has been developed. Abstract-logical method, systemic approach, classical economic theory, theory of economic mechanisms are used in the work.
In the conditions of the aggravated geopolitical situation, the solution of the tasks of import substitution and accelerated scientific and technological development of agriculture depends on the investment support of the industry. The analysis of the development of investment processes in agriculture indicates the presence of a number of unresolved problems: the instability of the dynamics of the growth of investments in fixed assets; the mismatch of investment volumes to the solution of the tasks facing agriculture; low innovative orientation of investments; insufficient measures of state support for investment in the industry; low investment efficiency; accelerated price growth for investment products, especially agricultural machinery. Changes were noted in the measures of state support to stimulate investment activity in the agro-industrial complex, the main one was the support of preferential lending to agricultural enterprises (in 2021 about 60% of the actual expenditures under the subprogram), including small businesses. It is established that in 2021 only a tenth of agricultural enterprises carried out technological innovations. It is advisable to strengthen state support for investments in innovations, because the organization of import substitution of critically important types of agricultural products, as well as products used in the agro-industrial complex, will require significant investments. Promising areas of investment in agriculture are substantiated, taking into account the ESG principles – increasing investments in "green" projects in the agricultural sector and sustainable socio-economic development of the village.
The article substantiates the need to consider the institutional environment for the functioning of the agro-industrial complex as an independent object of research and forecasting. The authors propose a methodology for predicting the state of the institutional environment of the agro-industrial complex. The features, developed on the basis of a complex of scientific approaches, that need to be taken into account when forming forecasts of the state of the institutional environment of the agrarian sector of the economy, are clarified and presented. The authors propose to update such features constantly, because the conditions for the functioning of agricultural production and management are regularly transformed. Based on the consideration of indicators of self-sufficiency of the Russian Federation with key types of food from 1990 to 2021, a conclusion is made about the nature of the results of the implementation of the state agrarian policy. An analysis of the dynamics of the food security coefficient for the period from 1990 to 2021 made it possible to conclude that there is a correlation between political processes and economic indicators of ensuring food security. The development of the methodological apparatus for forecasting the state of the institutional environment of the agro-industrial complex is presented in the article on the basis of the calculation (2012-2021) and forecast of the values(2022-2050) of the quality index of the institutional environment for the functioning of the agro-industrial complex. As part of the formation of forecast scenarios for the functioning of the institutional environment of the agro-industrial complex, the authors propose optimistic and pessimistic) options for the values of the quality index of the institutional environment for the functioning of the agro-industrial complex until 2050. The optimal and ideal values of the considered index are also highlighted.
Retrospective analysis shows that in recent years there has been a tendency to expand the functions of elevators and grain reception centres. Along with the traditional provision of services for the post-harvest processing and storage of grain, they are increasingly engaged in its purchase and subsequent resale, and this type of economic activity often begins to bring them the bulk of their profits. The mechanism of relations between elevators and grain producers is gradually being rebuilt for it. The high profitability of grain trading is largely due to the peculiarities of the dynamics of prices in the grain market - low prices during harvest and relatively high in the spring-summer period. Only strengthening economic sustainability and improving the logistics of agricultural enterprises creates the conditions for their effective behaviour in the grain market, including the opportunity to better use the opportunities of favourable pricing conditions.
The article compares the average consumption of the main food groups in the Russian Federation, the North-East of Russia and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). According to the results of the studies, it was found that in general, the average per capita consumption of analyzed food products in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is higher than the average in the regions of the North-East of Russia, except for the consumption of vegetables and food melons in 2019 (lower by 4.2%). The features of food consumption depending on the territory of residence are revealed. In the republic, there is an extremely significant differentiation in the level of consumption of food products by the population. When studying average consumption standards, these indicators should be considered in terms of seasonality, territory (types of settlements), and ethnic characteristics. If seasonal fluctuations in consumption are explained mainly by natural causes associated with changes in air temperature and the physiological state of the human body, then territorial ones are caused by reasons that are mainly economic and geographical in nature: the economic specialization of the territory, the degree of its economic development, natural and climatic conditions, etc.
The dairy industry is the most important in ensuring food security of the Russian Federation. Milk production in the Sverdlovsk region is increasing every year. Over the past four years, production growth has amounted to more than 86 thousand tons of milk, or 113%. However, milk consumption by the population of the Sverdlovsk region has not reached the established consumption standards. To achieve this indicator, it is necessary to take measures to mitigate the negative impact of factors on the development of dairy cattle breeding. The negative factors restraining the development of the industry, first of all, include low profitability, limited access of agricultural producers to credit funds, as well as problems of entering the market. The solution of the above problems is possible with a change in the types and conditions of state support for agricultural producers. The aim of the study is to assess the factors influencing the effective use of the potential of the dairy industry. During the study, methods of analysis, deduction, monographic studies were used. Scientific novelty consists in highlighting factors that influence the improvement of the efficiency of the dairy industry, including at the expense of state support. The results obtained by the authors can be used by state authorities in the development of regulations governing state support in the agricultural sector of the economy.
Excessive intensification of grain production has forced the world society to take a new look at organic agriculture, which is designed to maintain human health in the long term. The development of the organic products market is becoming a dynamically developing direction in the global economy. The demand for organic products exceeds the supply. At the same time, commodity groups produced from grain, which can be offered by producers of the Siberian Federal District, are in demand on the market. The purpose of the work is to identify the possibility of developing a market for grain grown using organic farming technology in the Siberian Federal District, which ensures an increase in the quality of life of the population, budget revenues from exports and forms an image at the international level. The article presents the stages of development of organic farming in the world and the features of its development in Russia. The possibilities of increasing the production of grain grown by organ technology are determined.
The article justifies the possibility of using new data sources - digital traces of users on the Internet - to study the quality of life of the population of rural areas of the Russian Federation. The study of various aspects of the quality of life of rural areas based on the analysis of digital traces of users is shown to have both certain advantages and methodological limitations. A methodology for analyzing digital traces of users on the Russian social network VKontakte has been proposed to identify problems faced by residents of rural areas and which are important unfavourable factors in the quality of life. The results of highlighting the problems of rural areas for 10 regions of the Russian Federation, performed using PolyAnalyst software are presented. These include problems of housing and communal services, improvement of rural settlements and transport infrastructure; environmental issues; problems with the availability and poor quality of telecommunications and banking infrastructure; problems with health and education systems; safety concerns; economic problems; problems with homeless and stray animals (dogs); alcohol consumption and inefficiency of rural settlement authorities. The study covers the period from July 2020 to October 2021.
The Arctic regions, being priority geostrategic territories of the Russian Federation, play a crucial role in ensuring sustainable development and concentrate the resource, transport, military, environmental and strategic potential of our country. At the same time, living and working conditions, agricultural activities are incomparably more severe compared to the rest of the country. In this regard, special attention should be paid to rural areas and the population living there. An assessment of the level of poverty in rural areas of the Arctic regions (Murmansk oblast, Nenets autonomous okrug, Yamalo-Nenets autonomous okrug, Chukotka autonomous okrug) showed that rural areas remain a place of concentration of poverty. In the Murmansk oblast, the share of the rural population receiving incomes below the subsistence minimum is 24%, in the Nenets autonomous okrug – 21%, in the Yamalo-Nenets autonomous okrug – 14%, in the Chukotka autonomous okrug – 13%. A comparative analysis of wages in the economy of the region as a whole and separately in agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming allowed us to confirm that disappointing trends about a significant backlog in wages and chronic underfunding of the agricultural sector in the whole country are typical in the Arctic regions, with the exception of the Murmansk oblast.