In Russia, as in many other countries, sanctions have a significant impact on the economy and the dairy industry is no exception. One of the main consequences of sanctions for the Russian dairy industry is the restriction of access to imported products. This can lead to an increase in prices for dairy products due to a decrease in supply and deterioration in product quality due to a lack of raw materials. However, sanctions can also stimulate the development of domestic dairy production and strengthen the position of local producers in the market. This may lead to an increase in the competitiveness of the Russian dairy industry in the global market. To compensate for import restrictions, the Russian government has taken a number of measures to support the dairy industry. Subsidies for agricultural producers were increased; funds were invested in equipment modernization and infrastructure development. These measures are aimed at increasing productivity and reducing the cost of domestic dairy products. In addition, the sanctions have prompted the search for alternative suppliers of raw materials and equipment. Russian manufacturers are actively cooperating with Asian and Latin American countries, establishing new logistics chains and concluding lucrative contracts. All this underlines that the topic of sanctions remains relevant for our country and industry markets at the moment. The purpose of the work is to qualitatively and quantitatively study the dairy industry market in the Russian Federation and identify opportunities for further import substitution of the industry. The novelty of the work is reflected in the identification of ways to solve problems in the market related to sanctions.
The state of technical support of harvesting operations in the grain complex of Russia has been analyzed and the forecast of changes in the fleet of combine harvesters and the level of their provision has been developed, including three development scenarios: pessimistic, optimistic and investment. In accordance with the pessimistic scenario, which provides for the preservation of current trends of the last 10 years, the fleet of combine harvesters will decrease to the level of 122.4 thousand units by 2030, while taking into account the introduction of fallow lands into turnover the level of provision will decrease to 2.1 units / 1000 hectares of sown areas of grain crops. Under the optimistic scenario, the achievement of the goal of provision with combine harvesters at the level of 4.2 units / 1000 hectares of sown areas of grain crops, taking into account the introduction of fallow lands into turnover, is possible with the increase of the fleet up to 243.2 thousand units by 2030 due to the increase in the acquisition of 37.0 thousand units/year. The level of annual fleet renewal in this case will amount to at least 15%, and the share of combine harvesters more than 10 years old by 2030 may decrease to 28.2%. If the investment scenario is realized, the achievement of the goal of provision with combine harvesters at the level of 5.6 units / 1000 hectares of sown areas of grain crops, taking into account the introduction of fallow lands into turnover, is possible with the increase of the fleet up to 322.4 thousand units by increasing the acquisition to 65.0 thousand units/year by 2030. The level of annual fleet renewal in this case will be not less than 20%, and the share of combine harvesters more than 10 years old by 2030 may decrease to 21.3%. The required volume of investments for the purchase of combine harvesters for the implementation of the optimistic scenario in the period of 2025-2030 without taking into account inflation will tentatively amount to 3582 billion rubles, and for the implementation of the investment scenario - 5422 billion rubles.
One of the most important types of resource potential of any organization, regardless of its organizational and legal form, is the availability of sufficient monetary resources necessary for the uninterrupted implementation of the main production activities of the business entity. The circulation of funds contributes to the return of the cost of invested resources and additional capital gains. In the agricultural sector of the economy, the stability of the activities of economic entities is ensured through the interaction of all parts of the economic mechanism in the process of production and financial activities. Since agricultural production performs the strategic function of fulfilling the Food Security Doctrine, the vector of development of efficient production should have a positive trend. It is worth noting that most agricultural enterprises carry out their activities on a self-financing basis. The uneven cycle of obtaining finished products throughout the year, especially in enterprises specializing in the production of crop production, provokes the use of borrowed capital, which subsequently requires a large diversion of the most liquid assets to fully cover it, taking into account the fees for its use. In view of this, the assessment of the balance of the resource potential, which is based on money, is a very urgent task. The main purpose of the article is to evaluate the effectiveness of investment and financial policies of agricultural enterprises and to determine the balance of cash flows in this sector. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: an assessment of the financial condition of agricultural enterprises was given; the dynamics of cash flows at agricultural enterprises was determined; the causes and factors of the changes during the period were identified; proposals for optimizing cash flows were substantiated, which ultimately contributes to improving the financial condition of the enterprise and ensuring a high level of its solvency.
This article is aimed at studying the internal and external environment of an enterprise using modern mathematical tools in order to assess the level of economic security and identify threats. The article is written on an urgent topic, which is to develop a theoretical and methodological platform for ensuring the economic security of the real sector of the economy in the context of increasing technological sovereignty of Russia. The need to develop active adaptive technologies in conditions of market uncertainty is confirmed by current trends in the development of industrial companies, including measures aimed at adapting existing systems to the requirements of sustainable development while maintaining the goals of maximizing the effective functioning of enterprises in the present and building the potential of enterprise sovereignty in the future. The result of the work is the development of theoretical, methodological and practical foundations of a comprehensive analysis of economic security using the example of PJSC PhosAgro. The authors obtained reliable results for evaluating the company's performance using fuzzy logic techniques for the period from 2021 to 2023. The purpose of this article is to develop a flexible analytical model for assessing the economic security of agricultural organizations using modern innovative approaches based on a fuzzy multiple algorithm. The tasks will be as follows: an analysis of the basic requirements and criteria for the development of the model, an overview of traditional and innovative methods for assessing the economic security of activities, the development of a flexible analytical model for assessing economic security in agricultural organizations, a description of all blocks and elements of the methodology, their significance and place and role, an explanation of the practical application of this model.
Motivation is at the heart of all human activity. It begins with her, it ends with her. The whole task of workforce management is to manage motivation, firstly, to create motivation for individuals and teams, and secondly, to fully and adequately implement it. Low motivation leads to poor results. On the contrary, high motivation is the key to a high end result and effective performance. For agriculture, as for any other industry, motivation is of high importance. However, unlike the so-called new industries related to IT technologies, services and services, motivation is the most important area of the industry's competitiveness and even its survival. Currently, in agriculture, where there is a shortage of workers, low productivity, complemented by a low level of technical and technological equipment, the deterioration of many basic factors, while increasing competition in foreign agricultural markets. This includes the development of new forms, methods and mechanisms of labor motivation in agriculture, which would be creative in nature. Another issue is that each Territory has its own motivation system in accordance with its historical, mental, institutional and other characteristics. Therefore, the mechanical transfer of individual motivation tools that have proven themselves positively in other regions and industries to regional agriculture, as a rule, does not produce the expected results. Based on the analysis and comparison of motivation models in agriculture of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic and the Stavropol Territory, the article reveals the relationship between gross agricultural output, labor productivity and wages. Regression models have been calculated for each region. An explanation of the observed discrepancies is proposed. The results obtained can also be approximated to other regions of the North Caucasus and southern Russia.
Global competition in the food market determines the search for solutions to equalize the efficiency of the domestic agro-industrial complex with the leading world producers. Otherwise, the technological lag threatens significant restrictions on the country's food security. Therefore, assessing the impact of digital technologies on the added value and economic efficiency of individual stages of agricultural production and processing is an urgent task. The results of a system analysis of the results of a statistical survey of companies in the agro-industrial complex regarding the degree of impact of the applied digital technologies allowed us to conclude that digital technologies (with rare exceptions) have either zero or negative impact on the financial performance of organizations in a wide range of OKVED nomenclature codes. This explains the low degree of implementation of digital technologies in food production chains, at least at the current stage of development. And the low level of budget support for digitalization in the agro-industrial complex (in agriculture it is significantly lower than in other industries) further worsens the scenarios for the formation of "Agriculture 4.0". Due to the virtual absence of impact on the economic performance of organizations, digitalization currently has virtually no significant impact on the transformation of value chains in the agro-industrial complex.
In most agricultural enterprises, there is no modern regulatory framework for the development of mechanized field work. Currently, there is no state regulation of the regulatory framework, although its importance remains important, and its use is in demand when calculating wages, planning work volumes, equipment needs, etc. The development of a new modern method for creating standards for mechanized field work in agricultural production using digital technologies is only at an initial stage. At the same time, geoinformation technologies and means of automatic registration of the operation of technical means have appeared, which make it possible to record the actual operating time of units and fuel consumption during technological operations without timing observations, and, consequently, the possibility of developing, sound standards with less labor costs. The use of satellite monitoring of agricultural machinery makes it possible to realistically assess the productivity of agricultural aggregates and develop production standards for field mechanized work. In the Kurgan Research Institute, with the help of the technology monitoring system created by the authors, which provides for the calculation of the volume of work performed, accounting for fuel consumption and labor costs, in 2024, observations of the work of agricultural machinery were carried out in the institute's production fields. Observations have shown that production standards are not met for most field work. There are no reserves to increase the production of aggregates by reducing stops and time for moving to and from the field. It is advisable to review the production standards, bring them in line with the actual performance of the units based on the data obtained as a result of monitoring.
The article is devoted to the development and justification of a cyclical model of state support for agriculture in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Under the existing unfavorable conditions, the region's agriculture faces serious challenges, such as low efficiency in the use of budgetary funds and insufficient growth in gross output. Despite the increase in funding volumes, the target indicators of state agricultural development programs have not been achieved for many years, indicating the need to revise existing approaches to resource allocation. The aim of the study is to propose a cyclical support model that will allow flexible allocation of resources among various sectors of the agro-industrial complex under conditions of limited budgetary funds. The article analyzes the current mechanisms of state support, examines the dynamics of target indicators, and identifies key problems. Based on the obtained data, a cyclical model has been developed, which involves the concentration of resources on priority areas within a set cycle. The proposed model optimizes the use of budgetary funds, increases the efficiency of support, and ensures balanced development of all sectors of the agro-industrial complex. The article also considers potential socio-economic effects and risks of implementing the model, proposing mechanisms for their mitigation.
In the face of modern economic challenges, such as sanctions, changes in supply chains and rising resource costs, financial research is gaining particular relevance. The author considers the regional specifics of the Altai Territory, including its climatic conditions, the structure of agriculture and socio-economic characteristics, which makes it possible to draw conclusions more accurate and applicable in practice. The article proposes a comprehensive approach to analysis, covering economic, social and natural factors. Particular attention is paid to assessing the effectiveness of state support and developing recommendations for its optimization. Based on the analysis of the current state and risk forecasting, the author proposes measures aimed at increasing the stability and competitiveness of agricultural organizations. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of specific recommendations that can be used to improve the financial condition of agricultural organizations and adapt them to new economic realities.
The objective of the study is to develop a land management system in agriculture. An original model of the state land management system was built with the allocation of an institutional subsystem at the federal level, a functional subsystem at the regional level and an operational subsystem at the municipal level, identifying mutual and feedback links, characterized by the corresponding relationships between them vertically, allowing to determine the shortcomings of the system and additional opportunities for targeted influence to achieve the expected state of the system. A scientific approach to the formation of a land management system in agriculture based on horizontal relations in the sphere of interdepartmental coordination and interaction has been developed, which involves the unification of independent system objects using direct and feedback links to implement joint tasks (inventory of agricultural land, inclusion of information on agricultural land in the Unified State Register of Real Estate) using monitoring of the implementation of target indicators of state programs. A process approach to the implementation of the potential for expanding data on the state and use of land resources in agriculture through additional sources of information with the definition of specific performers, allowing for effective management decisions (a properly organized farming system, reproduction of soil fertility, rational structure of sown areas) has been substantiated.