Researches have shown that since the early 2000s, Russia has become a significant player in international agri-food markets, providing up to 20% of wheat supplies, 30% of sunflower oil. The analysis of export activity in the context of regions indicates its extremely uneven development. At the same time, there is a low diversification of exports of agricultural products, that is, regions most often specialize in exporting 1-2 types of products. This ensures a high dependence of the country's export activity on the production indicators of a particular type of product. The expansion of the product range of exported goods is required due to the activation of domestic production of certain types of products. At this stage, it is advisable to improve the agrarian policy of the state in terms of updating measures and directions of state support for potential export sub-sectors. The state policy aimed at further expanding the country's export presence in international agri-food markets should take into account the population's need for food and ensure its full satisfaction in accordance with the standards of consumption. On the example of the Rostov region, possible directions of export specialization of domestic agricultural producers are considered, taking into account the self-sufficiency of the region with certain types of food. The conducted analysis showed the unpreparedness of the southern region for the transition to the export of agricultural raw materials and food not related to grain and fat-and-oil production.
The needs of the population for high-quality and affordable food products necessary for normal life and a healthy lifestyle cannot be met without the development of the domestic pasta market and food industry enterprises. The relevance of statistical research of the current state of the pasta market, which is one of the socially significant and popular food products of the Russian buyer, is a priority at the national and regional levels of the country. Accordingly, the purpose of the study is a statistical analysis of the current state, features, problems and prospects for the development of production and consumption of pasta in the Russian Federation. As a result of the conducted research, the following conclusions were obtained: the dynamics of Russian pasta production is characterized by significant changes and a deep crisis in the 1990s, only in 2016 domestic producers managed to exceed the level of 1991.; the food industry is currently experiencing a number of problems related to the shortage of the gross harvest of durum wheat, which in turn leads to the production of pasta from baking flour that does not meet the quality indicators of pasta; state targeted and targeted support for agricultural producers and the protectionist policy of protecting the domestic food market will ensure the progressive development of the Russian pasta market in the medium term. The results of the conducted research will be useful to scientists and specialists for the formation of management decisions aimed at satisfying consumer demand for socially significant goods and ensuring food security in Russia.
The stability of the supply in any food market, including the market of pig products, is the key to ensuring the food security of the region, solving the priority tasks of the state in the field of import substitution and supplying the population with high-quality food. To analyze the formation of the supply of pig products on the market in the conditions of the reproductive process, a system of indicators based on typical differences in reproduction is proposed. This technique allows us to assess the level of supply on the market, the fullness of the market with products of our own production, to identify opportunities for growth in production volumes. In the Irkutsk region, the supply of pig products of its own production on the market is limited, since local agricultural organizations do not produce enough products to achieve the level of food security enshrined in the Doctrine and in comparison with the actual level of consumption of pig products. At the same time, there is a steady increase in pork production in the region. The main producers in the region are agricultural organizations and households of the population. Over time, the share of households of the population as producers is gradually decreasing. Small and medium-sized producers need to provide breeding animals to increase their own pork production, as well as to improve the feed base. The bulk of enterprises and organizations producing pork are small, mostly unprofitable entities. Only one enterprise is engaged in large–scale industrial production of pig products - Usolsky Pig Complex, which has advanced technologies and equipment for pork production and is a leader among local producers, produces more than 55% of all pig products in the region. The regional market of pig products has significant potential for its further development. The joint work of producers and administrative structures will make the market of pig products more accessible to buyers and more attractive to producers.
The events held by the Government of the Russian Federation connected with rendering full support to producers of the sphere of agrarian and industrial complex contributed to sustainable development of the agrarian sector of the country and accumulation of volumes of release of ready-made products of food for the purpose of their subsequent realization on the markets of external consumers. However, the modern operating conditions of agriculture of Russia created because of aggravation of a geopolitical situation in the world and also escalation of economic sanctions from the states of the West, leave the mark on implementation of productions in the industry. The main threats of a rupture of the settled integration communications of the country with the western partners which defined need of urgent reorientation of export of agricultural raw materials and food in favor of the countries of the Middle East, Africa, Southeast Asia, India and China are reflected in article. Creation of new communications with potential participants of the foreign trade relations and the subsequent their development will possibly cause the objective necessity in reorientation of the export potential of Russia. Performance of this task has to be coordinated with the main condition accepted in 2020 Doctrines of food security of the Russian Federation – accounting of priorities of self-sufficiency of the country and its regions the vital food. As the solution of this problem ensuring processes of expanded reproduction can serve in agriculture. In article the structure of export of agricultural products of Russia is investigated and also her main consumers in a section of the certain countries are defined. In work at the level of the Russian Federation export growth of agricultural raw materials and food and decrease in its import for the analyzed time period is revealed. In a research the structure of export of food of the Saratov region is studied, its dynamics on specific grocery groups is considered, the main buyers in the context of the certain countries are defined. Authors developed the model including search of the optimum ratio of set of the budgetary and investment resources used in the industry allowing reaching the set level of efficiency of its functioning.
The essence of poverty as a socio-economic category having a concrete historical character and its social consequences are described. The general and specific causes of the deep rural-urban inequality in the spread of poverty in Russia, which poses a threat to the gene pool of the nation and the country's food security, are revealed. The purpose, objectives, principles and priority directions of the fight against rural poverty for the period up to 2030 are formulated. The necessity of outstripping the rate of reduction of the share of the poor among those employed in agriculture and living in rural settlements in order to overcome the concentration of Russian poverty in rural areas is substantiated. The main organizational and economic mechanisms for solving the tasks set to achieve the strategic goal are outlined, including the development of the rural labor market and overcoming its mono-sectoral nature, improving the quality of human capital and agricultural labor productivity, overcoming economically and socially unjustified inequality in the profitability of agricultural labor and other activities in the real sector of the economy, as well as in wages of social sphere in urban and rural areas, etc. It is argued that within the framework of social support for the poor, the key mechanism is the organization of domestic food aid in the country on the basis of domestic production, which can give a multiplicative effect for the development of the food sub complex and ultimately the entire economy, and on this basis, reducing poverty in the country at a faster pace of this process in rural areas.
The article investigated the impact of causal relationships between environmental and social risks on the development of rural areas of the region. The sustainable development of rural areas is characterized by an increasing role of operational management of current social risks against the background of strategic management of environmental risks and the development of preventive measures to minimize them. Against the background of improving the integrated idea of risks in general, and causal relationships between their species at the level of rural areas, it makes it possible to take into account the severity of the consequences of each type of risk, their impact on the achievement of strategic goals for the development of rural areas and agricultural enterprises in these areas functioning. It is determined that risk-generating factors exacerbate the development of rural areas and influence their economic, social and production activities, and as a result, contribute to an increase in the scale of the consequences of risk events. It was revealed that risk-forming factors form negative environmental consequences affecting the level of quality of life of the region's population. Environmental risks are the root cause of social risks of rural development, where it is important to highlight a complex of causal events of an accidental nature that entail environmental violations, accompanied by a deterioration in the health of rural residents, a decrease in the ability of agricultural workers to work, life and professional demotivation and other social problems. To solve the identified problems, it is proposed to build a generalized map of the relationship between environmental and social risks of rural areas of the causal factor model. When forming a generalized map, the methodology for constructing a matrix map of environmental and social risks of rural areas of risk for rural areas of Kuzbass was used. It is advisable to take the study and its gods into account when adjusting strategic development programs for rural areas.
The results of a study conducted by the method of interviewing the rural population in order to determine their relationship to mortgage lending to solve the property problem are considered. The study revealed: financial literacy of rural residents of the Russian Federation, including the Central and Far Eastern federal districts, the degree of their awareness of financial services. Based on the results of the analysis of the information received, the attitude of respondents to solving the housing issue was revealed, some of which are ready to make every effort to purchase their own housing, or buy it if it is possible to obtain a mortgage loan. Another group of respondents does not want to spend money on the purchase of housing, counting on their parents' apartment, or believes that renting is more convenient. To determine the prospects for the development of the Russian real estate market, the opinion of rural residents was taken into account. Most respondents believe that government support measures will contribute to the recovery of this market in the near future. The study showed that the predominant part of respondents do not feel interest in a specialized rural mortgage program, which is due to both the peculiarities of its implementation and the lack of awareness of citizens. According to the results of a survey of rural citizens, the share of those wishing to use the mortgage lending service was determined and their preferences were established: an individual house according to their own project, a typical suburban housing. Thus, over a third of respondents prefer the purchase of finished housing, not wanting to engage in its design and construction. Among those wishing to purchase land and/or housing, preference is given to the area of the house up to 150 m2 made of brick. The results of the study can be used in the development of programs for the development of rural areas and the mortgage lending market as a whole in the Russian Federation and certain regions of the country.
The article presents the results of studies on the analysis and systematization of the main factors that have the greatest influence on the change in the value of the indicator "the level of improvement of households in rural areas" in the planned period of medium and long-term forecasting. The purpose of the study was to identify and evaluate measures, the implementation of which contributes to the improvement of the living quarters of rural settlements. The analysis was based on the use of theoretical, empirical and general scientific methods, including analogy, synthesis and generalization of available data. The relevance of the study is due to the need to take into account, when calculating the forecast values of the indicator "the level of improvement of households in rural areas" in strategic and program documents, those factors that influence the change in the indicator under consideration. Scientific novelty lies in the analysis, identification and systematization of measures, the implementation of which increases the level of well-being of households in rural settlements. The results of the study showed that the greatest impact on improving the level of well-being of households in rural settlements is exerted by the commissioning of new housing in rural areas, the issuance of mortgage rural soft loans and consumer soft loans for the improvement of households in rural areas, additional gasification, and improving the quality of drinking water. When calculating the forecast values of the analyzed indicator for the medium and long term, it is proposed to take into account the identified factors and form scenarios for improving the level of improvement, depending on the degree of achievement of the control points established in the program-strategic documents and the planned indicators for the implementation of the relevant measures for the integrated development of rural areas.
Despite the positive dynamics in the realisation of projects “International Cooperation and Export”, “Export of AIC products” and the existence of numerous industry-specific, sectoral strategies and programmes for the development of AIC and its sub-sectors, certain problems in the development of export still remain, that become more acute due to the sanctions pressure, restrictive measures and transformation of global food markets. The main problem is that, despite the existence of a great number of legal and regulatory documents covering the issues of agro export, no targeted vision for its development in the long term can be observed. The target indicators of the Russian Federation strategic policy documents on regulation and development of agricultural products exportation are not always linked to the declared objectives; they are mostly of quantitative nature and are not informative in terms of impact on the agrarian exports volume. In order to solve the given problem, it is proposed to elaborate a separate document defining the strategic development of agro export in the Russian Federation. This document is supposed to construct the image of the future AIC on the basis of development of its export potential. This also involves inclusion of goal-setting for all types of participants engaged in planning at different levels of management. In order to form the directions of strategic development of agro export in Russia, the methods of content analysis, comparative analysis, as well as situational and systemic approaches were used. The comprehensive science-based strategy for the development of agro export in Russia will improve the quality of strategic planning and, respectively, management, and will create an impetus for the formation of strategies at other levels (regional, municipal), on the condition of their harmonisation. The latter will improve the manageability and efficiency of the programmes and projects aimed at the development of agro export in the Russian Federation.
The need to transfer land assessment procedures to the maximum automation mode, which can be provided by introducing artificial intelligence methods, is justified. Particular attention is paid to machine learning, which means a class of artificial intelligence methods, characterized by the replacement of solving direct problems using the development of similar problems already solved. It is proposed to create a training model for calculating land rent formed in agricultural production on agricultural lands, which can be used as part of the currently being created "Smart Land Use" in the block "multi-purpose assessment of land suitability," as well as to solve a number of other problems of the regions in the field of land relations. A "step-by-step machine learning scheme" has been developed, which is a methodological map of solving nine particular problems - from transferring data from the "cloud" to the "platform" to "concluding that there is no need for further iterations." Each particular task is solved in the process of passing five stages, the most important among them there are training set and the set for testing the preliminary solution using the example of any similar problem already solved. The training process is completed by the operation "assessing the adequacy of the result," after the successful passage of which, the model can be used to solve other similar problems independently in automatic or semi-automatic mode. Among the particular tasks can be distinguished: determining the size of the share of fixed costs (land rent); selection of the entrepreneur's cost recovery standards for the residual method of calculating land rent; justification of the value of the capitalization coefficient of the land rent; optimization of the relationship between the land rent and the profit of the entrepreneur; assessment of the parity of land relations between the state, owners of land plots and tenants. The end result is the size of the land rent and its ratio to the profit of the entrepreneur, as well as the assessment of compliance with the value parity of land relations (owner, tenant, state).