This article presents the results of a study that includes an analysis of the specifics of the Russian tax policy in the agricultural sector. The purpose of the article is to assess the implementation of tax methods and tools to stimulate the Russian agricultural sector. The main tax and economic parameters of the agricultural sector, the tax burden on the agricultural sector, the tax structure and the significance of the special tax regime for the agricultural sector were assessed in the study on the basis of formal and logical methods, analysis of series of dynamics, variational series and other analysis methods. The results of the study showed that the specifics of tax policy in the agricultural sector determine the level of tax burden on the industry (3.8%) below the national average (12.0%), but higher than in certain sectors of the Russian economy. During the period under review, 2017-2023, an increase in the tax burden on the agricultural sector was revealed (8.6%). At the same time, the increase in the tax burden on agriculture is comparable to the increase in the burden on manufacturing (8.5%) and is minimal compared to growth in other sectors of the economy as part of an increasing trend in the total tax burden in Russia. The main disadvantages of applying a special tax regime to a single agricultural tax were identified: the absence of a tax-free tax accrual limit, even a minimum income is taxed; significant restrictions on the types of activities for the transition to this tax regime; dual criterion for switching to this tax regime. Based on the assessment of the parameters of the tax system, a decrease in the attractiveness of the agricultural industry for small businesses was revealed. Against the background of positive dynamics in the turnover of agricultural enterprises, a reduction in their number, there is an enlargement of agricultural enterprises and an increase in monopoly trends in the sector. Based on the results obtained, the study proposed key mechanisms and directions for improving taxation of the agricultural sector.
The article examines methods and proposes a scoring and rating methodology for evaluating the development of AI in agricultural systems across nine countries (USA, China, Japan, Australia, Germany, Brazil, India, Algeria, and Russia). This methodology includes an analysis of 10 key areas of AI application, such as precision farming, robotics, data analysis, water resource management, pest control, genetics and breeding, livestock farming, logistics and marketing, personnel training, and quality control of products. The obtained results show that the USA and China demonstrate the highest scores across all areas, particularly in precision farming, robotics, and data analysis. Developing countries like India and Brazil are gradually adopting AI but face limitations due to insufficient infrastructure and investments. Algeria is at the initial stage of AI implementation in agriculture. Russia holds moderate positions, with scores ranging from 5 to 6 in most areas, where the main successes are associated with precision farming, data analysis, and genetics, but lagging behind in robotics and automation. The prospects for Russia are described as significant, given the vast agricultural land areas, state digitalization programs, and the development of scientific research, which create potential for growth. Among the shortcomings are low investments, the absence of a unified digital platform, internet issues in rural areas, and the unpreparedness of many agricultural producers to adopt costly technologies. Overall, Russia demonstrates significant progress in the field of AI implementation in agriculture, but to reach the level of global leaders, additional investments, infrastructure improvements, and government support are needed. By 2030, an increase in the share of digital technologies in the agricultural sector is planned, which could enhance productivity, reduce costs, and make agriculture more sustainable.
he article conducts a study of the features of the introduction of innovative products in the agricultural sector. The reasons for the low innovation activity of companies are established and the ways of investment support for innovation are evaluated. The model was built on the basis of an exponential trend, reflecting the growth of internal costs for research and development in the Russian Federation for the period 2018-2023. One of the key problems in the agricultural sector is the low share of R&D and innovation costs due to low business profitability and disparity in prices for finished agricultural products and prices for resources used in agricultural production. The need to introduce innovative products for the domestic agro-industrial complex is justified, which will reduce the consequences of the technical and technological lag of the industry. To increase the profitability and profitability of domestic agribusiness, the development of promising areas within the framework of intensive crop production technologies is required. One of the effective innovative products is ultrafine additives in the production of mineral fertilizers. Ultrafine additives are considered environmentally friendly and safe, while they can increase the resistance of plants to adverse conditions. When using them, the yield of crops, the volume of green mass and tuber crops increases. Intensification of innovations in the production and sale of ultrafine mineral fertilizers can be realized through state support programs for innovative enterprises of small and medium-sized agribusiness. The author's recommendations presented in the article will be useful both to the scientific community, representatives of agribusiness, as well as to investment funds and government bodies supporting innovation in various industries.
A statistical analysis of the total number of beef cattle in the Russian Federation and federal districts over a three-year period is presented in the article. The state of the breeding core of beef cattle breeding has changed significantly, and a decrease in the number of livestock in the Russian Federation has been noted. At the same time, the share of specialized beef and mixed cattle in the total number of cattle is increasing (22.9% in 2023). An analysis of the global and domestic beef market has shown that due to high prices, the volume of its production remains fairly stable from year to year. The analysis of publicly available data indicating the social importance of the beef cattle industry, in particular, contributes to the development of rural areas in terms of providing additional jobs, the effective use of natural and cultural pastures, the development of feed production and the feed industry. Regional aspects of the industry's development and its impact on the socio-economic state of the region as a whole are considered. The social function of the industry is to ensure the growth of employment of the rural population and improve their quality of life, to increase contributions to local budgets, and to reduce social tension in rural areas. The measures of economic support for the industry over a long period and their impact on the development of domestic beef cattle breeding are described, problems hindering the development of beef cattle breeding are identified and solutions are proposed. Thus, for the successful development of beef cattle breeding, it is necessary to apply organizational, technological, economic and social measures.
The goal is to identify the socio-economic effects of the formation of an adaptive model for ensuring competition in the agricultural technology solutions market, taking into account the formation by large business structures of a vertically integrated full-cycle business with global value chains. The hypothesis of this study is the statement that in the structure of analysis and assessment of the presence of barriers to market entry that affect the development of competition in the market of the grain sub-complex, the factor of the presence (absence) of agricultural technological solutions (digital platforms (programs)) should be taken into account. The authors of this study came to the conclusion that the formation of a highly integrated market for agrotechnological business solutions of economic entities has been completed, which over the past decades has undergone a multi-stage transformation at the level of agricultural production facilities. These changes would not be sustainable without the intensification of technological progress associated with the behavior of economic entities through a change in the business model of economic activity. Taking into account the possible risks for the national economy, the regulator needs to monitor the transactions of economic entities for the merger of businesses affecting the agrotechnological solutions market in relation to the creation of large business structures in the format of a vertically integrated full-cycle business with global value chains. In order to identify the factors that form the attitude of farmers (406 respondents) in the grain sub-complex market to the business strategy (purchase of raw materials, level of competition, own production), determine barriers to market entry, as well as substantiate conclusions, the authors conducted a survey of economic entities of the Ural Federal District by means of a sociological survey. To commercialize the achieved results of domestic breeding, it is necessary not only to ensure effective interaction of all participants and links in the seed production system, but also, through the modernization of material, technical and technological equipment, to create new generation proposals with widespread use of big data analytics, artificial intelligence, genomic editing and microbiology. A domestic agricultural producer without building a vertically integrated full-cycle business to compete with foreign companies.
The study examines the reproduction of fertility of agricultural lands, taking into account the economic aspect. The distribution of the land fund of the Russian Federation by land category for 2019-2023 is analyzed. – the largest share in the structure of the land fund of the Russian Federation is occupied by the category of forest fund lands (65.9% in 2023), the second place in area is occupied by agricultural lands from 22.34% in 2019 to 22.14% in 2023. The dynamics of the distribution of agricultural land in the Russian Federation for 2019-2023 was studied; a trend was revealed in the reduction of the category of agricultural land in the study period by 3375.1 thousand hectares. Activities related to the reproduction of the fertility of agricultural lands have been identified: clearing land of woody and herbaceous vegetation, clearing land of hummocks, stumps, moss, stones and other objects, primary tillage, liming, phosphorite treatment, gypsuming of soils, application of mineral and organic fertilizers. The cost of measures related to the reproduction of the fertility of agricultural lands for 2023 is considered. In the structure of the cost of activities related to the reproduction of the fertility of agricultural lands, which is important for the introduction of unused lands into circulation, the most expensive is the clearing of lands from woody and herbaceous vegetation; for the Far Eastern Federal District - the highest figure, which amounts to 85.97 thousand rubles. for 1 ha. The lowest cost of this event for the Volga Federal District is 56.91 thousand rubles. per 1 hectare, which is 33.8% cheaper than in the Far East. The application of the measures outlined in the study is aimed at providing conditions for the preservation and reproduction of soil fertility, involving unused agricultural lands into circulation, and improving the ecological condition of the territory. The implementation of measures will make it possible to optimally use the bioclimatic potential of the regions of the Russian Federation, to form an organizational and economic mechanism for involving unused agricultural lands into circulation.
Since 2010, there has been a resurgence of industrial cannabis in Russia and an increase in the number of regions interested in its cultivation. In 2024, cannabis was grown in 32 regions. Currently, in Russia, more than 95% of primary processing enterprises produce the same type of fiber from hemp stalks – non-oriented hemp of the same type. In addition, shortened hemp, obtained as a result of deep processing of the same type of fiber for the subsequent production of insulation materials, cellulose and other materials, is in high demand. More than 80% of Russian industrial hemp primary processing plants use outdated domestic or expensive foreign lines. Domestic processing equipment is currently being developed and manufactured. The lines of technological equipment for the primary and advanced processing of technical cannabis produced by the Federal State Budgetary Budgetary Institution FNC LC are considered and analyzed. A comprehensive comparative calculation of the technical and economic indicators of an enterprise processing industrial hemp into the same type and/or shortened fiber on a small-sized line and a line of normal size has been carried out. As a result of the calculation, it was determined that: obtaining the same type and shortened hemp on equipment of normal size is cost-effective and will pay off in 2 years, regardless of shift work, but requires significant investments, large production facilities and acreage from 320 to 960 hectares; the production of the same type and shortened hemp on small–sized equipment is effective with two and three-shift operation on acreage from 240 to 360 hectares; obtaining shortened hemp from the same type of hemp purchased from a third-party organization is cost-effective with three-shift operation of the hemp plant, the payback period for the organization is 8.9 years.
The relevance of this scientific study is due to the fact that one of the key issues and urgent problems in the use of agricultural land in our country is to increase the efficiency of their use by involving unused land in circulation. The most important task facing the authorities is to analyze and summarize the information of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the dissemination of unused land and the experience of the regions in implementing measures in order to involve them in agricultural circulation. Therefore, the authors in this study focused on the features of the formation and development of regional information systems for monitoring agricultural land. The object of scientific research is agricultural land of the Republic of Mordovia. The Republic of Mordovia is one of those regions where active work is underway to form and accumulate regional land monitoring information systems. The authors analyzed the use of agricultural land for agricultural purposes, analyzed the results of work on establishing the boundaries of agricultural land (with establishing the boundaries of agricultural land) in the Republic of Mordovia. In addition, the effects of work to establish agricultural land boundaries in the region were determined. The emphasis in scientific research is made on identifying the sown area of farms of the Republic of Mordovia in the context of municipalities in the region. The result of the work was proposals for the further development and improvement of state monitoring of agricultural land in the Republic of Mordovia using information systems and modern digital technologies.
This article analyzes the complex relationship between rapeseed oil prices and oil prices in the context of a growing bioenergy sector, which inherently has the potential to be a potentially effective innovation to increase the country's export potential. The study is based on an analysis of data from the last decade, which spans periods of significant fluctuations in energy and agricultural commodity prices. The authors consider rapeseed oil as a component of biodiesel, which makes its price sensitive to the dynamics of the global oil market. The article investigates the influence of various factors, including demand for biodiesel, changes in world rapeseed production on the correlation between rapeseed oil and oil prices. The results obtained make it possible to assess the degree of dependence of rapeseed oil prices on oil prices, to identify factors that strengthen or weaken this dependence, and to forecast possible scenarios of market development in the context of changes in global sustainable development and climate change.
социокультурный потенциал, социокультурный капитал, сельские территории, экономика села, устойчивое развитие, диверсификация, этноэкономика, этнопредпринимательство, этнокооперация, качество жизни, полиэтнический регион, Республика Башкортостан.