The share of imports in the composition of commodity resources exceeds the thresholds established by the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation for beef, vegetable oil, butter, cheese, vegetables, fruits and berries. The contribution of individual subjects of the Russian Federation to solving the problem of high import dependence of the domestic market for the listed types of food products was assessed by their share in the national production of these types of agricultural products and their place in the federal list corresponding to this share. The assessment was based on a group of regions that are among the top ten producers of at least one type of food, for which the established permissible share of imports was exceeded. The average rank method was used for ranking. It has been established that the largest contribution to food import substitution is made by the following subjects of the Russian Federation: Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Dagestan (share 1st and 2nd places), Rostov Region (3rd place), Voronezh Region (4th), the Republic of Tatarstan (5th), the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Volgograd Region (they share 6th and 7th places). As the range of analyzed regions expands, the rating will continue to be formed, and the results will be presented in future publications by the authors on this topic. Reserves have been identified for each of these regions to increase their contribution to reducing import dependence on the domestic food market. Taking into account the objectively existing constraints in the development of agriculture, the possibilities of achieving previously recorded higher levels of indicators used in the ranked assessment were considered as such.
The problem of human capital’s of the agro-industrial complex formation is of great importance both for ensuring the effective functioning of agricultural enterprises and increasing their competitiveness, as well as for achieving the technological sovereignty of agricultural industries and guaranteeing the food security of the state. It is relevant at the present time, taking into account global challenges. The current system of agricultural education, which, among other subjects, includes organizations of secondary vocational education that train specialists in agricultural professions and specialties, plays an important role in the formation and development of the human capital of the agro-industrial complex. Using the example of the regions of the Siberian Federal District, the article examines the system of personnel training in secondary vocational education. The comparison of the composition of professions and specialties of agricultural fields, which are taught in the format of secondary vocational education in the regions of the Siberian Federal District, is carried out. The trends and problems of personnel training for agricultural industries with secondary specialized education are identified, and directions for the development of secondary vocational education in the Siberian Federal District are proposed.
The main objective of the study is to examine and analyze the material, social status, as well as the meanings, needs and value orientations of workers focused on the development of individual human capital using the example of professional growth. The study implements a comprehensive approach to studying the human potential of the employed rural population using the example of analyzing the factors of expanding the social and professional abilities of workers (by studying the participation of workers in programs for continuous training, advanced training). The results obtained will help to assess the degree of influence of socially significant factors (age, level of education, industry of employment, type of employment, etc.), as well as socio-cultural characteristics on the involvement of different groups of workers in the process of advanced training. The information base of the study was formed by the results of a survey conducted by the Institute of Agrarian Problems - Subdivision of the Saratov Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in rural areas of the Saratov Region (N = 1215). As a result of the study, socio-cultural features influencing the professional development of employees employed in budgetary organizations and private structures (using farms as an example) were studied and analyzed.
The purpose of the work is to assess the current state of PSPs, their potential in the context of state support, and to determine strategic directions for stimulating the activities of their owners and self-employed citizens in the context of rural development. To achieve the objectives, the following were used: logical analysis of cause-and-effect relationships; comparative assessment of the dynamics of PSP development; statistical methods of data processing. An integrated approach made it possible to identify the key problems of the functioning of PSPs and propose mechanisms for their solution through improving state assistance measures. Currently, a significant part of the rural population of the republic has PSPs, which are the main form of employment and income. The largest volume of agricultural products is produced in private households. A private subsidiary farm is the most reliable guarantee of social protection and support for the rural population, as well as an important factor in the sustainable development of rural areas. Of particular importance is the opportunity for owners of private subsidiary farms to use government support measures through participation in various grant programs, subsidizing agricultural producers. The results of the study are a comprehensive analysis of the development of private subsidiary farms for the production of agricultural products in the republic as a whole and by districts, an assessment of the implementation of government support measures provided to owners of private subsidiary farms, a proposed set of measures to support rural areas and stimulate the development and effective use of the internal potential of the rural population.
The relevance of scientific work is due to the need to improve the quality of life of the rural population by ensuring the availability of household services. During the study, general scientific methods were applied - analysis, synthesis, comparison, as well as methods of economic and statistical analysis of dynamics and groupings, processing analytical data, analogies, scientific generalizations, monographic analysis. The research methodology involves a comprehensive economic analysis of the sphere of consumer services in rural areas according to the conceptual scheme proposed by the authors, which provides for the justification of the selection criteria for rural municipalities for analysis, including the indicator of the share of the municipality in the total agricultural output of all municipalities in the region, and the presence of these municipalities in the Rural Development Program of the Sverdlovsk Region. The analysis allows us to identify trends and problems in the development of the sphere of consumer services in rural municipalities through the results of calculations of dynamic and structural indicators of the development of this sphere. The data obtained can be useful in the development of programs for the development of the sphere of consumer services in rural areas, in the process of making management decisions at the regional level for the development of the sphere of consumer services, to improve the mechanisms for providing the population with consumer services in rural areas.
The article is devoted to the analysis of foreign approaches to identifying imbalances in agricultural workforce supply, which is a pressing issue for many countries, including Russia. The study examines the main methodological approaches to assessing labor demand and supply, as well as identifying regional imbalances. The analysis of approaches to assessing agricultural labor needs abroad suggests that they can be adapted to Russian conditions. The use of statistical methods and econometric models is most effective in evaluating workforce needs and the effectiveness of educational programs. The experience of Australia in macroeconomic forecasting using the MONASH model, which takes into account technological changes and demographic trends, as well as the experience of EU countries in creating integrated data collection systems, such as Labour Market Information Systems and the CEDEFOP model, can be useful for adapting educational programs to the needs of the industry at the regional level. These systems make it possible to forecast professional and qualification imbalances and adjust educational programs in accordance with the real needs of the labor market. Taking into account regional characteristics, as in China, where labor supply analysis considers climatic and geographical factors, and analyzing the role of labor migration, as in the UK, can also be applied to develop targeted measures to support agriculture in Russia and address interregional differences in workforce supply for agricultural enterprises.
The purpose of this study is to substantiate the production volumes of the main types of agricultural products to ensure food security for the population of Russia by 2046. The forecast is made in accordance with the methodology developed at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Center All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences, which takes into account a set of factors affecting the production of agricultural products and providing the population with food. Given the fact that agricultural production in Russia largely depends on the supply of certain types of imported material and technical resources, the question arises: how will such dependence affect the production of agricultural products and food? The article analyzes the impact of a decrease in the supply of imported agricultural machinery on the production volumes of the main types of agricultural products in the sub-sectors of crop production and livestock farming. The forecast for the production of the main types of agricultural products in crop production and livestock farming is calculated according to two scenarios: optimistic and pessimistic. In the optimistic scenario, domestic food is sufficient for self-sufficiency of the population of Russia, with the exception of fruits and berries, some types of vegetables and melons. Export potential: 40 million tons of grain, 3 million tons of sunflower oil, 9.4 million tons of live meat, 11.4 billion eggs. The food needs of the domestic market of Russia in 2046 are determined based on the high scenario: a population of 155 million people (taking into account the expected population of 4 new regions) and rational standards. In all scenarios, consumption standards correspond to the indicators of the Ministry of Health of Russia. In the pessimistic scenario, the deficit in milk production for 155 million people, subject to rational consumption by all groups of the population, will be 14.4 million tons (the standard is 325 kg per person). There is also a deficit of fruits and berries. The possibilities for grain export are limited.
This article examines the market and structural factors of agricultural development in the subjects of the Central Federal District. Resource potential and favorable climatic conditions have an impact on the formation of sustainable agricultural specialization. The selected district includes subjects with developed production based on significant amounts of land with fertile soils; the growth of production volumes is supported by the material, technical and logistical infrastructure, the availability of sales markets and the needs of the population for high-quality food. Despite the positive prerequisites for further increasing production rates, we note the limiting effect of the quantitative limit on capacity growth and low prices compared to other industries, which requires a revision of approaches to agribusiness management. It is necessary to introduce innovations, green technologies, and optimize intersubjective interaction within production chains, reducing the unjustified incomes of intermediaries. The study analyzes statistical data on production volumes in the regions of the Central Federal District with different capacity and resource potential, and describes the dynamics of the price level for agricultural products. The state, features and limitations of agribusiness development in the selected regions are determined, which affect the state of production, determining the dynamics of industry indicators. As a result of scientific, theoretical and statistical analysis, the main market and structural factors influencing producers were identified, and a system of measures was proposed to support positive trends and reduce the impact of negative ones. Conclusions are drawn about significant prospects for combining program-oriented and cluster-network approaches to agricultural management in regions with good resource potential.
The main components of the Rosstat information database on the development of innovative processes (Form No. 4-innovations) in their logical sequence with the designation of content and significance are presented very briefly. Attention is drawn to two features of the formation of output information: four-dimensional reflection (OKVED, OKATO, OKOPF, OKFS) and duality of presentation of results, which occurs in the vast majority of tables. These circumstances expand the horizons and increase the number of options for analyzing available information in order to obtain differentiated and sufficiently reliable results of the possible application of innovations. The attention of researchers is drawn to taking into account a number of circumstances that significantly affect the development of innovative processes contained in some tables of the statistical collection characterizing the state of cooperation of participants in innovative processes, their joint projects and developments. Technology transfer data is particularly noteworthy. The subject analysis of this information undoubtedly contributes to the development of innovative processes and increasing the efficiency of agricultural and other sectors of the economy. The proposed mechanism for interpreting cognitive assessments of innovations may be very important for streamlining and qualitative development of innovation processes. This refers to expert assessments submitted by organizations in two versions: carrying out innovative activities and evaluating factors that impede innovation; only evaluating these factors. In addition, there are assessments of the opposite direction, i.e. contributing to the development of innovative processes. With the help of the proposed mechanism, the available qualitative assessments of experts acquire quantitative values, allowing to identify the "degree of risk" of not obtaining the desired result from the introduction of a particular innovation and evaluate the "guarantees of success". It is indicated that, based on the results of the study, methodological and methodological foundations for the development of fuzzy cognitive models (NKM) can be created as bases for "machine learning" in order to develop artificial intelligence
The Khabarovsk Territory is of particular value to Russia from the point of view of providing the population with ecological, economic, socio-cultural benefits from forest management. Sustainable management of forest resources requires a modern methodology for the economic assessment of damage from anthropogenic impact, which involves the use of the best available technologies and advanced achievements from various scientific fields. The implementation of the methodology proposed by the authors will make it possible to establish a fairer price for the industrial use of forest resources, which, among other things, will allow for the formation of compensatory economic mechanisms for the depletion of the national forest fund. The key provision of the methodology is the obligation to take into account the natural contrast and the degree of disturbance of the assessed area. It is proposed to use GIS methods and mathematical modeling methods along with methods of environmental monitoring of territories established in various interstate standards, which will allow taking into account various types of forest ecosystems, the nature of soil and vegetation cover, and the degree of their disturbance and other natural features of the territory under consideration. A three-level system of forest disturbance gradation has been developed to move from environmental to economic assessment. As part of the monetary assessment, a cost-effective approach is used to take into account the economic damage from various types of soil cover disturbance, damage from the need for reclamation measures, damage from loss of ecosystem services, etc. Testing of the methodology has demonstrated that the economic damage, depending on the degree of disturbance of one hectare of forest territories of the Khabarovsk Territory, in 2024, is from 0.51 to 4.72 million rubles.