The article analyzes changes in the size and boundaries of rural areas - administrative, by the size of settlements and population, by type of development. The results of the comprehensive typology of rural areas of the Russian Federation at the level of municipal districts based on the synthesis of economic, social and environmental criteria for 2018 and 2023 are presented. The typology of rural areas is necessary for the development of a differentiated policy for the development of territories. Typologization of municipal districts was carried out as a whole in the Russian Federation (end-to-end) and in the context of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (intra-regional). The typology results show that in more than half of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, rural areas are qualified as underdeveloped or depressed. To level the identified territorial inequality, an effective organizational and economic mechanism of priority state support for the most problematic rural areas is needed.
В статье проведен ретроспективный анализ, охватывающий историческое развитие овощеводства в Казахстане, переходя к анализу современных тенденций в Костанайской области через призму всего Северного региона. Исследование рассматривает этапы становления отрасли, начиная с зарождения земледелия на территории Казахстана, и акцентирует внимание на динамике изменений в последние десятилетие. Особое внимание уделяется актуальным тенденциям, ключевым проблемам и вызовам, с которыми сталкиваются производители овощей в Костанайской области. Результаты показали, что, стабильная численность населения сопровождается снижением объёмов производства овощей, что приводит к дефициту овощной продукции на душу населения. Идентифицированные проблемы включают низкую урожайность, консервативный подход к расширению посевных площадей и отсутствие современных агротехнологий. Для увеличения объема производства овощной продукции, необходимо улучшить сельскохозяйственную политику, как подчеркивает проведенное научное исследование. Отрасль овощеводства, как закрытого, так и открытого грунта, требует поддержки в виде субсидий производителям, внедрения современных агротехнологий, решения проблем, связанных с реализацией, доставкой и хранением. В статье представлены данные для правительства, овощепроизводителей и исследователей, которые целесообразно использовать для создания эффективного и плодотворного овощеводческого комплекса в Северном Казахстане. Это исследование показывает, насколько важно улучшить программы поддержки овощеводческой отрасли, и предлагает конкретные меры для повышения конкуренции отрасли и продовольственной безопасности в регионах.
The high dependence of domestic agricultural producers on the technologies of foreign companies in seed and breeding materials, machinery, plant protection products, technological equipment for the food and processing industry was noted. The theoretical aspects of the synergetic effect in complex self-organizing technological systems, which include agriculture, reflecting the ideology of the system-reproduction methodology, are considered. And agricultural production itself is considered as an object that consists of a number of subsystems: functional (technological, social and environmental) and organizational and economic (managerial and economic). A model of the synergetic effect of the transfer of innovations obtained in accordance with the FNTP subprograms and national projects in the form of separate blocks is proposed, which reflect the goals of the subprograms, influencing factors, resource provision, organizational and technological measures. It is stated that it is necessary not only to develop individual elements of the system, but also to create, based on the intensification of innovative technology for the production of a particular crop, in which direct and feedback links will interact and generate a synergistic effect, which will favorably affect the growth of labor productivity and import substitution in the industry. The paper presents a system of criteria and indicators of agricultural production efficiency by types of synergetic effect. It is proved that in order to ensure comparability of production results when using innovations of the FNTP subprograms and high-tech products of national projects, it is necessary to use economic, statistical and economic-mathematical methods more widely. At the same time, it must be remembered that analytical modeling is primary, since it determines the content of the model, and digital modeling is secondary, since the analytical model turns into an electronic one based on a digital mechanism.
The study is devoted to the analysis of the implementation of the Food Security Doctrine in the Altai Territory - one of the key agrarian regions of Russia. In the face of global challenges such as economic crises, climate change and sanctions pressure, ensuring food security is becoming a priority. The main objectives of the study include the analysis of government support measures for the agricultural sector and their contribution to food security, as well as the proposal of preventive measures to minimize risks and improve the effectiveness of the implementation of the Food Security Doctrine. The article examines the current achievements of the region, including a high level of self-sufficiency in grain, milk and meat, and identifies problems such as insufficient consumption of vegetables and fruits, dependence on weather conditions and rising feed prices. Forecast development scenarios up to 2028 (optimistic, basic, pessimistic) are presented, which take into account the influence of external and internal factors. Particular attention is paid to the role of modern technologies (precision farming, automation) and the need to invest in infrastructure and processing plants. The authors emphasize the importance of an integrated approach to the implementation of the Doctrine, including the interaction of the state, regional authorities and agricultural producers. The Altai Territory is considered as a model for other regions in ensuring food security and strengthening positions in the domestic and international markets.
Food security reveals the state of national or regional food markets, covers the economic and social spheres of development of the country and regions. The national food security of the Russian Federation is fully determined by the ability of its regions to self-sufficiency. The authors note that the tasks of ensuring food security are complex, intersectoral and interdepartmental in nature. It is emphasized that they cover the social sphere (income, food consumption, social protection of the population) and the economic sphere (trade, urban planning, transport, etc. In each specific region, food security is determined by a number of specific factors that influence it. Food security is essentially a condition in which all people at all times have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe food in order to meet their own needs and preferences for an active and healthy life, which is confirmed by the results of the analysis. The leveling of threats to the economic security of the country and the region has a significant impact on the formation of a favorable economic environment and contributes to economic development, which is noted by the authors in the text of the article.
The article presents the dynamics of the Global Food Security Index of Russia, the qualitative characteristics of which indicate the low adaptation of the country's agricultural sector to the emergence of modern internal and external challenges and threats. The key factors that have a destabilizing effect on the technological provision of food security in the country are systematized. The country's agricultural sector is significantly dependent on imported technologies, seed and genetic material, plant protection products, veterinary drugs, feed additives, etc. It is proved that the low level of technological sovereignty of the agricultural sector of the country is due to the underfunding of scientific research in the field of agricultural sciences. It is shown that the share of domestic research and development costs related to agriculture, forestry, and fisheries accounted for more than 2.0% of the total financing of research costs in the country as a whole. It is argued that currently the place of the Russian agricultural sector and its competitiveness in the global agri-food markets is determined by the scientific potential and effectiveness of scientific research in the field of agricultural sciences, as well as the level of provision of the industry with highly qualified personnel. Qualitative characteristics of the scientific potential of the agricultural sector have been established, indicating that the number of researchers in the field of agricultural sciences has been decreasing in recent years, there is a shortage of doctors of sciences in the staff of researchers, there is a low activity in defending dissertation research in the framework of critically important scientific specialties, including: "Plant breeding, seed production and biotechnology", "Breeding animal breeding, genetics and biotechnology", there is a weak continuity of scientific schools, which are represented by people over the age of 50-60.
This study is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the competitiveness of Belarusian dairy products in the food market of the Novosibirsk region in the context of the changing economic situation after 2014 and increased sanctions pressure, especially after the events of 2022. The work uses modern methods of economic analysis, including comparative price analysis, which showed the advantage of Belarusian products by 9-12.5%. The Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) was also calculated, which amounted to 4236, which indicates a high concentration of the Novosibirsk Region market. In addition, a PEST analysis of the external environment was performed and the Porter five forces model was applied. The results of the study demonstrate that Belarusian dairy products occupy 11% of the regional market and successfully compete with local producers, who occupy 33% of the market. This is achieved through a combination of lower prices, stable quality and efficient logistics. Special attention is paid to the influence of political factors, such as cooperation within the EAEU and the organization of specialized fairs, which ensure an annual turnover of up to 70 million rubles. Key problems were identified: insufficient presence in large retail chains, weak advertising support, and dependence on the political environment. Recommendations include measures to develop branding, expand distribution through online channels, and improve quality standards for local producers. The research materials are of practical value to market participants and regional government authorities.
The study notes the specific features of the industry’s development within the framework of its formation from constituent segments: livestock farming and crop production. During the period under review 2010-2023, according to statistics, there has been a gradual increase in the production and sale of agricultural products. The article provides an analysis of the production and sale of agricultural products by farm categories. Agricultural organizations occupy leading positions. Their share has long been about 50% of the entire agricultural market in the Rostov region. The authors of the study analyzed the dynamic series by the average value and presented a forecast for the following years. The model was a polynomial trend, which described the development of the industry over the period under review with high accuracy. According to this model, a decrease in agricultural production may be provoked in the future due to the influence of negative factors. Therefore, the authors identified the factors that are most significant for the agricultural sector: positive factors (factors of natural conditions, factors of greening of related industries, factors of scientific and technological progress and digitalization), negative factors (political environment factors, weather factors, COVID-19, economic factors).
The study presents an analysis of the physiographic features of the districts in Trans-Baikal region and evaluates the distribution of agricultural lands across municipal units. The extent of land resource utilization by agrarian enterprises in the region has been investigated. A consistent decline in cultivated land exceeding both the national average and the indicators for the Far Eastern Federal District has been identified. It has been established that the current structure of agricultural land in the region significantly differs from both the national and Far Eastern patterns. Over a fifteen-year period, a reduction in land use by agricultural organizations and household farms has been observed, while an increase in the area under peasant (farm) enterprises has been recorded. However, due to their limited economic capacity, farm enterprises fail to compensate for the production volumes previously maintained by organizations and household farms. These trends significantly impact the region’s socioeconomic development, leading to decreased land productivity, structural shifts in the agricultural sector, and a declining contribution of household farms to total agricultural output. Consequently, there is a pressing need to adjust state support measures, including incentives for crop production and the creation of conditions to retain rural populations. The implementation of these measures is a key factor in ensuring the sustainable development of Trans-Baikal region agro-industrial sector.
Against the background of the general activation of domestic tourism, rural tourism is becoming increasingly popular. Its variety deserves special attention - agrarian tourism, which can positively influence the development of not only rural areas, but also agriculture. For small businesses, agritourism is more attractive than for large farmers. Many modern scientific studies are devoted to the study of demand for tourism services, determining market capacity, and segmenting consumers. The purpose of this work is to analyze the agritourism services market from the supply side. The readiness and capabilities of potential service providers in the field of agrotourism are analyzed. The directions of development of agrotourism in the studied region are outlined based on an empirical study of the opinions of agricultural producers interested in providing services in the field of agrotourism. Based on the results of a survey conducted among agricultural producers in the Kostroma region, respondents' interest in agricultural tourism as an additional type of activity was revealed, their capabilities for accommodating tourists and proposals for the saturation of tours were determined. The respondents' opinions on the factors hindering the development of agritourism in the region under study were studied, and the proposed measures promoting the development of agritourism were assessed. The obtained results can be used in the formation of a concept for the development of the tourism industry in rural areas, in conducting information and consulting events and implementing educational programs for entrepreneurs planning a business in the field of agricultural tourism.