The article analyzes the Strategy for the development of agriculture and fisheries complexes for the period up to 2030, based on the non-fulfillment of a number of national goals outlined in the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030" dated 21.07.2020. A critical assessment of the approaches used in the formation of the Strategy, as well as the strategic directions outlined in it, is given. The directions proposed in the Strategy for some positions do not correspond to the national goals approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030". In particular, no attention is paid to the development of rural areas, and their population filling is not a strategic direction for the development of the agro-industrial complex. And this is not to mention the need to eliminate investment insufficiency as soon as possible, import substitution, the development of the scientific and technological basis for the development of agriculture, its staffing, the construction of a management system adequate to the intended tasks, etc. In this regard, the team of authors substantiates strategic directions for the development of agriculture and fisheries complexes for the period up to 2030, contributing to the development of these sectors of the economy, as well as rural areas.
The studies of the strategic development of Siberia and its territories are prompted by the Russian government’s approval in early 2023 of the Strategy for Socio-Economic Development of Siberian Federal District until 2035. Siberia’s long-term development agenda has once again defined its status of a territory of economic growth in Russia. According to the state priorities outlined in the strategic document, sustainable development of Siberia is associated with transition from production of raw materials organizing their advanced processing and creating products with high added value. The agro-industrial complex of SFD, being one of the promising areas of the district development in the conditions of transformation of the economy and foreign economic relations of the Russian Federation, can become an innovation centre generating high-quality technological and environmentally friendly products in demand both in the domestic and foreign food market. The hypothesis of the study is that the realization of the integration scenario of SFD development within the framework of the approved Strategy can ensure efficient development of its constituents’ economies as well as strengthen the position of Siberia as a macro-region of the country. The basic conditions for realizing the Strategy on the basis of the integration scenario include synchronization of the national strategies and the strategies of the Siberian constituent entities within the Russian Federation, their complementation with auxiliary mechanisms as well as creation of specialized decision-making centres. The Strategy should develop an organizational and economic mechanism making it possible to form comprehensive system solutions that will ensure efficient planning, in particular, in the agro-industrial complex. The relevance of this mechanism is accounted for by the need to eliminate contradictions in the governmental strategic documents of different level and to ensure consistency and coherence of managerial decisions. The due interconnection of elements of the strategic planning system developed for the agro-industrial complex as well as the competent formation of its documents will increase their practical value for interregional and regional management and will form proper guidelines for external actors, including investors planning to invest in the Russian economy.
The article deals with methodological and scientific-practical issues of sustainable development of agricultural production in Russia in the context of ensuring food security. An integrated approach to solving the problems of sustainable development of agricultural production and food independence is proposed, taking into account the influence of resource factors and their assessment in the context of modern global challenges. An assessment was made of the direct and indirect impact of the identified resource factors on the sustainable development of agricultural production and the state of food independence. It is shown that the main threat to the food independence of Russia is the high level of import resource dependence of agricultural production. Economic and mathematical calculations of the dynamics of structural changes in the resource potential of agricultural production by groups of resources have been carried out. A set of chain and basic indicators of changes in the resource structure has been calculated in order to increase the validity of analytical conclusions and proposed measures to correct the ongoing agricultural policy. The conclusion is drawn, on the one hand, about the relative stability of the resource structure, on the other hand, about the existing long-term trends associated with the growth of resource provision, increasing the efficiency of resource use, and the introduction of innovations. The use of a set of coefficients confirmed the dependence of the sustainability of the resource structure of agricultural production on negative factors caused by the influence of the external environment and sanctions. This made it possible to substantiate the possibility of new structural changes in the resource potential in 2023–2025, which determines the priority nature of the implementation of the strategy for the formation and use of the resource potential of agricultural production for sustainable development and ensuring the country's food independence. It is also proposed to strengthen the updating of information on production and resource relationships between sectors of the economy in order to increase the validity of the developed areas of state agrarian policy.
Based on the understanding of the inevitability of information asymmetry in the creation, implementation and support of innovations in general and digital transformation, in particular, we raised the question of the forms of support for the digital transformation of the agro-industrial complex. The negative impact of asymmetry was considered on the example of two key figures of the innovation process – the producer of innovation and the consumer of innovation. This consideration leads to the conclusion about "market failures" in the course of these processes. It follows from this that the state should be involved in stimulating and financing the creation of digital innovations. Next, we present in tabular form an extensive list of practical tasks that determine the specific content of digital transformation at various levels of government, and, accordingly, the subject of support from the state. Since the state apparatus, as a rule, also does not have all the necessary information to determine a specific list of supported innovations, the role of experts and the most appropriate form of state support, which should primarily perform a stimulating function, are considered. The specification of the functions of the state in the course of the main processes to support digital innovation and digital transformation is carried out in the form of a table, which also considers the functions of other actors in the innovation process - producers and consumers of innovations, two types of experts. In general, this approach can contribute to solving the important and large organizational and economic work of the state on the development of digital transformation.
End-to-end digital technologies are the technological essence of digital intellectual assets involved in their financial turnover. At the same time, digital intellectual assets in the format of intangible assets that bring economic benefits from their use for a long time are of the greatest interest. It is they who fix the result of the application of end-to-end technology in the form of a separate asset involved in the digital transformation of the economy. Creating a digital intellectual asset based on end-to-end technologies is a rather non-trivial task, since it occurs in conditions of high uncertainty of the external environment. In this regard, the task of finding a decision support mechanism for choosing the best available technology for creating a digital intangible asset and determining the criteria for such a choice becomes urgent. This article proposes a two-level mechanism for selecting criteria for determining the best end-to-end technology (NST) to create a digital intellectual asset (CIA). In order to determine the potential for the use of end-to-end technologies, an assessment methodology was developed for the creation of intangible assets, which made it possible to identify the intersections of intangible assets and end-to-end technologies, which are potential growth points for promising digital intellectual assets of a new technological order. To create a financial mechanism for selecting the most effective end-to-end technologies, key criteria and a model for selecting the best technologies based on the provisions of game theory were proposed. The proposed tool can be used in the tasks of heuristic search and decision-making when creating digital intangible assets based on end-to-end technologies.
The authors of the article reviewed the stages of the industrial revolution, as well as current programs for the development and support of the agro-industrial complex. The paper examined the potential of the "smart farming" market in Russia, identified the priorities of scientific and technological development, and presented the results of assessing the digital maturity of the agricultural industry. Studies have shown that the agricultural sector has a low digitalization index compared to other industries. The main technologies that are in demand in the agro-industrial complex are: crop monitoring, drone control in the formation of field maps, artificial intelligence, yield forecasting, performance analytics, optimization of logistics processes. The leaders in the introduction of innovative technologies in agricultural production are the Southern and North Caucasian Federal Districts. The main factors contributing to the high level of digitalization in the industry are: favorable natural and climatic conditions, powerful scientific and educational potential, as well as a significant amount of state support. The advanced subjects for the use of precision farming technology are: Volgograd Region, Krasnodar Territory, and Voronezh Region. Based on the correlation and regression analysis, the authors proved the relationship between the volume of agricultural products produced and the level of technological equipment of the industry. The regression results showed that an increase in the share of investments and the coefficient of renewal of fixed assets leads to a decrease in agricultural production. The share of machinery and equipment, as well as the coefficient of renewal of fixed assets, on the contrary, increase production volumes. This paradox is explained by the fact that not just investments are important, but investments in high-tech equipment, which confirms the importance of Industry 4.0 for the agricultural sector of the economy.
The authors present the results of their research, which helped to identify the main trends in the scientific and technical development of this industry. The algorithm and principles of economic justification of regulations and standards for the crop industry were presented on the example of oilseeds, and special attention was paid to the ecological block of this justification. The developed basic standards and regulations for the crop industry on the example of rapeseed can be used by specialists in the field of agriculture and researchers to make decisions in the development of agricultural technologies and innovative development of the industry. The results obtained can also be useful for companies engaged in the production of agricultural products, as well as to support government programs in the field of crop production development. In general, this work can serve as a good example of structuring and economic justification of decision-making in agriculture and other industries using modern methods and technologies, which is a prerequisite for the sustainable development of the industry in the future. Another significant application of the research results may be associated with increasing the competitiveness of domestic producers in the world markets of agricultural products. The developed regulations and standards make it possible to improve the quality and efficiency of agricultural production with a minimum load on the environment. This, in turn, will help Russian manufacturers to strengthen their positions on world markets, increase exports of products and attract additional investments in the industry. The results of this study can be used for the development of sustainable agriculture and relevant government programs. As noted in the article, environmental aspects should be taken into account at all stages of the development of agricultural technologies and decision-making in the crop industry. The use of the developed regulations and standards will help to minimize the negative impact on the environment and the conservation of biodiversity.
The development of cluster organization in agricultural machinery industry gives an opportunity to provide agricultural producers with equipment and components more sustainably, as well as to increase the efficiency of related services. Examples of existing clusters in the appropriate field are demonstrated. Various forms of cluster formations based on the product, territorial (regional) and industry – based organizational approaches, as well as in the case of inter - cluster and multi - cluster interaction are analyzed. Various schematic models for future development of agricultural machinery industry focused on the domestic agricultural producers supply when various forms of cluster organization and cluster interactions functioning are proposed. It is proved that the most progressive form is the cluster functioning model according to the industry - based principle. An opportunity of introducing technical and technological complexes to cluster formations based on machine - technological station principle, but with the provision of a wider range of services, is shown.
During the study of the production and financial activities of agricultural holdings, we found that the greatest difficulties for the management of associations are caused by operations related to the selection and purchase of agricultural equipment, which is due to the lack of established internal rules, prescribed instructions for managing purchases of agricultural equipment, standardizing this process by documenting all elements of the flowchart of the process. To fix this problem, we have developed a process model for managing purchases of agricultural equipment in an agricultural holding, which includes the following processes: preliminary selection of bidders for a closed tender; collection and analysis of data on the competitive advantages and disadvantages of prospective bidders; formation and approval of updated technical specifications, criteria for evaluating equipment and suppliers, approval of the list of companies admitted to the tender; conducting a tender. Information and documentation support of the procurement management process of agricultural equipment has been developed, including a set of instructions. These instructions are essentially internal regulations (standards) regulating the procurement process at the level of the agricultural holding. The implementation of the proposed process model for managing purchases of agricultural equipment, including information and documentation support for this process in the form of local regulations (standards), will allow integrated organizations to quickly manage processes and purposefully improve them, involve employees of the structure in the analysis and improvement of processes, create all conditions for the development of a quality management system in the agricultural holding.
Almost 50% of enterprises in Russia cultivating flax do not have acreage that allows them to effectively use classical equipment of normal dimensions for primary processing. For such enterprises with small acreage, a number of small-sized lines of technological equipment for the production of long and short flax fibers have been developed. The bonfire formed during processing is about 60% of the volume of flax, it is suitable for the production of fuel briquettes or pellets; this will make it possible to obtain chemically and biologically safe fuel. Given the large number of flax producers with small acreage, it became necessary to analyze the economic efficiency of the primary processing of flax trusts on small-sized equipment and the impact of the production of fuel pellets from bonfires on the financial result of the enterprise. The domestic small-sized equipment for the primary processing of flax-long-grain trusts into long and short fiber produced by FGBNU FNC LC, as well as a KG-0.6 mini granulation complex for the production of fuel pellets from bonfires, is considered and analyzed. It is established that the primary processing of flax on small-sized equipment in the conditions of farms and agricultural cooperatives is cost-effective regardless of the shift work of the enterprise. The production of fuel pellets from flax bark will increase the profitability of the enterprise by an average of 10%, significantly reducing the payback period of capital expenditures. It is established that increasing the shift work of the enterprise improves the financial result to a greater extent than the production of additional products in the form of pellets.