The article is devoted to the study of the specifics of functioning of small-scale economic activity in new regions of the Russian Federation using the example of the Zaporozhye region. The important role of family entrepreneurship as a factor in ensuring sustainable development of rural areas is noted. Attention is focused on the significant degradation of peasant farms within the Ukrainian economic model. The fact of a large number of small forms of agricultural production, functioning on the principles of subsistence farming, is noted. The need for a set of organizational measures aimed at ensuring the effective functioning of family forms of rural entrepreneurship is indicated. The importance of developing a multi-sector model for the functioning of small-scale economic activities in the rural area system has been proven. The expediency of using the author's methodology for assessing the effectiveness of family farms, reflecting their socio-economic nature, is substantiated. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the ways to optimize the functioning of peasant farms in rural agglomerations of the region. It is indicated that a significant part of peasant farms in the region carry out their production activities on small-scale principles. One of the reasons is the impossibility of conducting full-fledged commodity production with the existing resource base. The importance of developing scientifically based measures stimulating entrepreneurial forms of economic activity in the rural system is proven. The model of a rural entrepreneurial cluster based on diversification and cooperation of various areas of production and economic activity is substantiated. The cluster facilitates interaction between representatives of agricultural production and rural green tourism. The socio-economic efficiency of the proposed measures has been proven. It is expressed in an increase in the level of use of resource potential, as well as in the qualitative growth of incomes of peasant farms. The results of the study note the need to ensure consolidated interaction between state institutions, the business community and regional society.
The article scientifically substantiates the development of a cluster-network cooperation mechanism as one of the effective ways to implement innovative projects for the production of ultrafine mineral fertilizers. The authors identified factors that negatively affect innovative processes in the implementation of national technical policy. The analysis of the transition to the sixth technological structure associated with the development of digital, nano- and bioengineering technologies revealed a sharp reduction in the number of developed nanotechnologies in the Russian Federation. One of the priority areas of developed nanotechnology for the national economy is the use of micro- and nano-fertilizers, which contributes to increasing soil fertility and increasing the biological productivity of agricultural crops. To stimulate investment activity, it is necessary to create and implement an effective mechanism of state policy, implemented through various forms of cluster-network cooperation. The author's model of the mechanism of cluster-network cooperation in the implementation of innovative projects for the production of mineral fertilizers has been developed. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the scientific justification of the mechanism of cluster-network cooperation in the implementation of innovative projects for the creation of ultrafine mineral fertilizers, which will help accelerate the commercialization of innovations, increase the effectiveness of government programs to support agriculture, create new opportunities for the development of industry science and institutions carrying out scientific experiments, support the modernization and updating of the technologies used, create relevant training programs for industry specialists. The author's recommendations presented in the article will be useful to state authorities supporting agricultural production, farmers introducing innovative products, heads of research institutes, heads of investment funds within the framework of cluster-network cooperation.
The projects developed by the Government of the Russian Federation to support producers in various sectors of the national economy determine the strategic course for the development of its economy – shifting the emphasis from regulating demand for goods to stimulating their supply. Setting such a task implies searching for new opportunities to increase the quantity and quality of manufactured products. A potential solution is seen in the introduction of advanced innovations in such areas of production activities of economic entities that will allow them to obtain the highest result at optimal costs. Potato growing is quite promising in the agricultural sector of Russia, as it creates a socially significant product that is an integral part of the population’s nutrition system. In some regions of the country, self-sufficiency in potatoes is still below the threshold value of the Food Security Doctrine. One of the reasons is that its production is concentrated mainly in households that cannot create the conditions necessary to attract effective innovations. In the work, using the method of correlation analysis, it was determined that the yield of potatoes in large agricultural organizations is mainly affected by the costs of purchasing seeds, mineral fertilizers, plant protection products and maintaining fixed assets. These results made it possible to substantiate the directions of development of potato growing based on innovations (implementation of variety change, introduction of resource-saving technology, use of new-generation fungicides, construction of irrigation systems, organization of product storage), using the example of specific producers in the Saratov Region to conduct their economic assessment. It was revealed that the expenses of enterprises will increase to the greatest extent during variety change (by 56.4%), to the least extent - during replacement of chemicals (by 3.6%). The implementation of the proposed measures for farms in a complex will allow, with an increase in their total costs by 60.7 million rubles. increase potato yield by 46.8 thousand centners (or 34.5%), profit by 48.4 million rubles, and the sub-sector profitability level by 15.11 percentage points.
The financial and investment policy of the Russian Federation at the present stage is aimed at solving complex problems related to the economic development of the country. The complexity and relevance of solving these problems is increasing in the face of global challenges associated with the application of economic sanctions to Russian companies and increased geopolitical tensions. Leasing is one of the important tools for stimulating economic growth and development. The object of the study is leasing relations in the small business system, respectively; the subject of the study is the mechanisms and tools for implementing leasing in small businesses, as well as their impact on investment activity in the Republic of Kalmykia. The goal is to analyze the leasing services market, identify problems and consider prospects. The study used systems, economic, and benchmarking analysis methods, as well as generalization and logical modeling methods. The article presents the results of the analysis of the development of entrepreneurial activity in one of the subjects of the Southern Federal District - the Republic of Kalmykia. The leasing market of Kalmykia is represented mainly by federal companies with regional offices. Agricultural machinery and equipment is the most common subject of leasing. The analysis made it possible to identify such key problems characteristic of the leasing services market in the Republic of Kalmykia as low availability, high rates, insufficient awareness of entrepreneurs about leasing opportunities, etc. In order for the leasing services market to develop effectively, government support is needed in the form of subsidies or partial reimbursement of the cost of obtaining property on lease, as well as the provision of a soft loan used to partially pay the advance payment.
The article analyzes the fish industry in Russia as a complex and dynamically developing sector of the economy with significant food security implications. The main objective is to provide the population with high-quality products. The study examines the obstacles to the sector's development and analyzes fish production and consumption in the country. Using statistical analysis and surveys, the research shows that in 2023, the average fish consumption per capita is 22 kg, which corresponds to 78.5% of the recommended norms by the Ministry of Health of Russia. Significant regional differences are noted: in northern regions, consumption reaches 40 kg, while in central regions, it is only 10-12 kg. Notably, about 40% of the population does not consume fish, and many are unaware of its benefits as a source of omega-3 fatty acids. The authors emphasize the need to increase the availability of fish products and offer recommendations for improving logistics, creating educational programs, and implementing innovative practices in aquaculture. The role of government policy in ensuring food security is also highlighted. This work serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field of fisheries and food security.
Conducting research aimed at improving the efficiency of livestock sub-sectors in modern economic conditions requires the use of a systematic approach from the standpoint of both ensuring food security of the country and improving the financial and economic situation of agribusiness entities. Analysis of the current state of technological development of livestock farming showed that a significant part of production processes is carried out using foreign means of production and consumables. The current situation creates increasing risks of reducing the sustainability of the domestic agricultural sector of the economy in various negative external geopolitical factors and threatens the increase in the volume of finished goods production and the implementation of the Food Security Doctrine, and requires the implementation of a set of measures aimed at increasing the level of technical and technological sovereignty. Based on the analysis, the article establishes the main trends in the technological and economic development of the industry, the level of dependence on the import of production resources and technologies. The role of technological modernization of animal husbandry and intensification of production in the implementation of the import substitution program and increasing the production of animal food products is shown. The transfer of new technologies and design solutions allowed significantly improving the key indicators of technological development of the industry during the implementation of the import substitution program. For 2013-2023. The average daily gains in growing and fattening pigs increased by 11.1% to 560 g, the average live weight of one head of pigs increased by 13.2% to 120 kg, while reducing feed costs by 15.7%. In agricultural organizations, the annual milk yield per cow for the same period increased by 75.1% to 7911 kg, and feed consumption for the production of 1 center of milk decreased by 20.0% to 0.88 centers of feed units. The results of the analysis made it possible to propose priority measures and mechanisms to reduce the technological import dependence of the industry.
the article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the level of provision of the EAEU and its member countries with fruits and berries of their own production. The Russian Federation is in fourth place out of five member countries. In addition, the results of assessing the change in the level of self-sufficiency in fruits and berries of our country for the period from 2016 to 2024 are presented. The trend line of its change in recent years shows a positive growth trend, however, by the end of 2024, this indicator amounted to 42.8%, which is 17.2% behind the target 60% established by the Food Security Doctrine. The risks and threats to the food security of the Russian Federation associated with the insufficient level of self-sufficiency of the study object were highlighted. In order to minimize and neutralize such threats and risks, it is proposed to develop and launch regional programs for the development of horticulture. An analysis of the institutional structure of the first twenty regions of the Russian Federation for the gross harvest of fruits and berries in 2023 was carried out. The following areas have been formed to improve the functioning of the industry: investment, infrastructure, technical and technological, market, information. Special attention is paid to measures of state support, among which the authors proposed: firstly, the organization of state programs for retraining and advanced training in the field of fruit and berry production; secondly, compensation for the cost of organizing sales in the online space of the Internet; thirdly, the creation of a consolidated portal of consumers and producers of fruit and berry products; fourthly, construction and repair of production and administrative premises; fifth, compensation for garden fencing costs; sixth, subsidizing laying inside paved garden roads, as well as restoring access roads from gardens to fruit stores.
The article analyzes changes in the size and boundaries of rural areas - administrative, by the size of settlements and population, by type of development. The results of the comprehensive typology of rural areas of the Russian Federation at the level of municipal districts based on the synthesis of economic, social and environmental criteria for 2018 and 2023 are presented. The typology of rural areas is necessary for the development of a differentiated policy for the development of territories. Typologization of municipal districts was carried out as a whole in the Russian Federation (end-to-end) and in the context of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (intra-regional). The typology results show that in more than half of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, rural areas are qualified as underdeveloped or depressed. To level the identified territorial inequality, an effective organizational and economic mechanism of priority state support for the most problematic rural areas is needed.
В статье проведен ретроспективный анализ, охватывающий историческое развитие овощеводства в Казахстане, переходя к анализу современных тенденций в Костанайской области через призму всего Северного региона. Исследование рассматривает этапы становления отрасли, начиная с зарождения земледелия на территории Казахстана, и акцентирует внимание на динамике изменений в последние десятилетие. Особое внимание уделяется актуальным тенденциям, ключевым проблемам и вызовам, с которыми сталкиваются производители овощей в Костанайской области. Результаты показали, что, стабильная численность населения сопровождается снижением объёмов производства овощей, что приводит к дефициту овощной продукции на душу населения. Идентифицированные проблемы включают низкую урожайность, консервативный подход к расширению посевных площадей и отсутствие современных агротехнологий. Для увеличения объема производства овощной продукции, необходимо улучшить сельскохозяйственную политику, как подчеркивает проведенное научное исследование. Отрасль овощеводства, как закрытого, так и открытого грунта, требует поддержки в виде субсидий производителям, внедрения современных агротехнологий, решения проблем, связанных с реализацией, доставкой и хранением. В статье представлены данные для правительства, овощепроизводителей и исследователей, которые целесообразно использовать для создания эффективного и плодотворного овощеводческого комплекса в Северном Казахстане. Это исследование показывает, насколько важно улучшить программы поддержки овощеводческой отрасли, и предлагает конкретные меры для повышения конкуренции отрасли и продовольственной безопасности в регионах.
The high dependence of domestic agricultural producers on the technologies of foreign companies in seed and breeding materials, machinery, plant protection products, technological equipment for the food and processing industry was noted. The theoretical aspects of the synergetic effect in complex self-organizing technological systems, which include agriculture, reflecting the ideology of the system-reproduction methodology, are considered. And agricultural production itself is considered as an object that consists of a number of subsystems: functional (technological, social and environmental) and organizational and economic (managerial and economic). A model of the synergetic effect of the transfer of innovations obtained in accordance with the FNTP subprograms and national projects in the form of separate blocks is proposed, which reflect the goals of the subprograms, influencing factors, resource provision, organizational and technological measures. It is stated that it is necessary not only to develop individual elements of the system, but also to create, based on the intensification of innovative technology for the production of a particular crop, in which direct and feedback links will interact and generate a synergistic effect, which will favorably affect the growth of labor productivity and import substitution in the industry. The paper presents a system of criteria and indicators of agricultural production efficiency by types of synergetic effect. It is proved that in order to ensure comparability of production results when using innovations of the FNTP subprograms and high-tech products of national projects, it is necessary to use economic, statistical and economic-mathematical methods more widely. At the same time, it must be remembered that analytical modeling is primary, since it determines the content of the model, and digital modeling is secondary, since the analytical model turns into an electronic one based on a digital mechanism.