The article presents a methodology for building models of innovation and investment attractiveness of agriculture in regions based on studies conducted in previous years. The study was carried out using data from the regions of the Siberian Federal District. The models are based on ratings that reflect the characteristics of each region. The ratings were based on various indicators: analysis of the implementation of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture for 2017-2030, analysis of the implementation of the State Programs for the Integrated Development of Rural Areas adopted and implemented in the constituent entities of the Federation, statistical data of the State Sports Commission and the Federal Institute of Industrial Property (FIPS), indicators for assessing the general innovative climate of the region according to the "Indicators of Innovation Activities" handbook, as well as a rating assessment of the innovation and investment attractiveness of agriculture based on resource potentials, including 46 indicators, including three risk groups. In this regard, the authors proposed a set of selected indicators for each element of rating models. It is shown how the differentiation of the development of the regions of the Siberian Federal District is reflected in the intermediate and final ratings, which allows investment agencies to see the prospects of the territory, the participation of the federal center, local authorities in its development.
Agriculture has objective natural limitations in its development. Therefore, the most important goal of the state agrarian policy is to increase crop yields and productivity of farm animals and poultry. This article presents a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of crop production in the subjects of the Volga Federal District, based on an analysis of the long-term dynamics of yields of major agricultural crops. The Volga regions produce 21% of the total Russian crop production, but the average yield of all major crops, with the exception of vegetables, is below the national average. The ranking of regions showed that the most effective activity in the field of crop production is in the Republic of Tatarstan. The Republic of Mari El and the Chuvash Republic are also in the top three leaders. The Perm Region closes the local rating. The three regions with the lowest yields of major crops also include the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Orenburg Region (both subjects of the 10 Russian regions with the largest area of arable land). This dictates the need to take into account the effectiveness of agricultural producers in the allocation of government subsidies.
The relevance of scientific research lies in the formation of modern scientific approaches to the study of habitat factors affecting the safety of the population. The solution to the problems of ensuring the safety of the habitat is closely related to the sustainable development of the studied territory of the Caspian region of the Astrakhan region, the Republic of Dagestan and Kalmykia. The article discusses the main factors of the habitat, technogenic, native, social nature, the effects of which negatively affect the quality of life of the population. The purpose of the study is to assess the degree of destructive impact of habitat factors and assess the level of threats, quality of life and health of the population of the Caspian Sea regions. When studying the impact of negative environmental factors in the study regions, an ecological and economic approach was used, using indicators and threshold values of economic security. Studies have shown that the main problems of ensuring a safe environment are the quality of air, drinking water, food, the poor condition of which affects the health of the population. A significant difference was revealed in the level of risks and threats to the safety of the environment in the studied regions, a higher level was determined in the Astrakhan region and the Republic of Kalmykia, a low level in the Republic of Dagestan. The results of the study allowed the authors to conclude on the impact of habitat quality on public health and propose measures to neutralize risks and security threats.
This article examines the socio-economic factors of development of rural specialization, determining their role in larger territorial systems. Scientific and theoretical analysis has shown that the problems of preserving and developing the potential of rural areas are relevant for most developed countries. The socio-economic degradation of large areas increases the disproportions of territorial potential, strengthens negative migration and agglomeration trends, contributes to excessive concentration of population in agglomerations, increasing the risks of food security and resource deficit in various areas of activity. The Republic of Crimea is characterized by significant potential for agricultural specialization and related service sectors, which require the development of the necessary social and production conditions for the local population and the attraction of an able-bodied personnel reserve. Social and structural indicators of the state of rural areas were studied, including demographic and labor criteria characterizing the population. Positive factors of the stability of internal markets were determined, due to the localization of economies and production, their orientation to providing for the local population and the population of neighboring municipalities. The state, features and limitations of the development of agricultural and alternative specialization of the studied rural territories, which influence the socio-economic dynamics of the Republic of Crimea, are studied. As a result of scientific-theoretical and statistical analysis, the main socio-economic factors were identified, including territorial and structural ones, influencing the state of specialization of rural territories of the Republic of Crimea. Conclusions were made about the need for a program-targeted approach to the development of specialization of rural territories of the region.
The relevance of the study is related to the development of measures to support the development of traditional crafts of the indigenous peoples of the North, the organization of rational land use based on the allocation and protection of particularly valuable lands. The rational use and protection of particularly valuable lands in the Arctic are considered as part of the implementation of the "Concept for the Sustainable Development of the Indigenous Peoples of the North, Siberia, and the Far East of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2036" (2025) in terms of supporting traditional crafts, preserving the unique culture, centuries-old way of life, and ancestral habitats of the indigenous peoples. The purpose of the study is to develop scientific tools for supporting and developing the traditional crafts of indigenous peoples in the production and sale of agricultural products, food raw materials, and the provision of other services, by allocating and protecting particularly valuable lands in the territories of traditional nature management. The object of the scientific study is the traditional crafts of indigenous peoples carried out on particularly valuable agricultural lands in the Arctic zone of the country. The Arctic regions of Yakutia are the most representative in terms of studying the level of development of the activities under consideration. The article analyzes the traditional crafts of the indigenous peoples of the North in the context of the industrial development of these territories, and examines the contribution of traditional natural resource management (reindeer herding, hunting, fishing, gathering, etc.) to the development of agriculture and food security. The interest in identifying and preserving particularly valuable lands is related to their high productivity and significant contribution to the maintenance of traditional crafts, the preservation of ethnic and cultural identity, and the livelihoods and employment of the indigenous population. It is proposed to determine the value and suitability of using natural resources in areas of traditional crafts for such types of traditional economic activities as reindeer husbandry, hunting, fishing and harvesting edible and medicinal wild plants (wild plants), tourism and mammoth tusk collection. The scientific study of traditional crafts in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) focuses on the inclusion of such traditional activities as tourism and mammoth bone collection in the list, as they play a significant role in promoting employment, generating income, and improving the quality of life for the local population. The study proposes measures for economic and legal regulation of the use of highly valuable lands to protect and support traditional crafts of indigenous peoples as part of the implementation of tools for the rational and efficient use of lands in the Arctic territories. These measures are aimed at identifying, assessing, and protecting agricultural lands that are the basis of traditional industries and lifestyles for indigenous peoples, and ultimately, promoting sustainable agricultural land use to improve the quality of life for people in the Arctic.
Based on the available information, this study attempts to assess the prospects for the use of digital financial assets (DFA) in the agricultural sectors of Russia and the People's Republic of China. As the world faces increasing challenges to food security and the need for agricultural modernization, two global giants, Russia and China, have chosen drastically different paths for digital transformation. This new research article provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of how DFA is changing the rules of the game in these countries' agriculture, revealing a fundamental clash between two ideologies: market decentralization and total state control. The article reveals the main economic, regulatory, and practical implications of each approach. On the one hand, Russia is building a regulated but market-based mechanism in search of financial sovereignty and to circumvent sanctions barriers. On the other hand, China is using its state-owned digitalization machine. By banning private cryptocurrencies, China has opted for a sovereign digital currency (e-CNY) and a national blockchain infrastructure (BSN). China is also far ahead in the field of traceability. The contrast is particularly evident in agricultural insurance. In Russia, parametric insurance based on CFA, where payments are made automatically in the event of drought or frost, remains a theoretical possibility without a single implemented project. In China, however, it is already a working reality. However, none of the models is perfect. China's centralized approach provides incredible scale, control, and efficiency for implementing government policies, but it suppresses private initiative. Russia's market-based model is more flexible and innovative, but it currently serves the interests of only large players, deepening the digital divide. The optimal approach is to implement a hybrid model. The article concludes with a specific step-by-step plan for Russia for 2026-2030, offering a roadmap for integrating best practices to create a truly effective and inclusive digital agro-economy.
In vegetable growing of Kostanay region, which is of primary importance for ensuring the country's food security, the process of redistribution of market shares is taking place. In this regard, the analysis of the process of crowding out large agricultural producers by more flexible peasant (farmer) farms is of particular relevance. The purpose of the article is to determine the most stable and effective model of farming in vegetable growing and to develop a set of practical recommendations for its further development. In the study, the authors analyzed the secondary data of the statistical agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan using methods such as comparative analysis, dynamic assessment, calculation of absolute deviations and relative indicators, system analysis and synthesis. The results of the analysis showed that the reasons for the shift in vegetable production from large agricultural enterprises to peasant (farmer) farms were due to a high increase in the cost of 1 centner of vegetables (415.7%), which led to a decrease in their sales volumes by 68.8% and a drop in profitability to a critical level of 9.3 pp On the contrary, peasant (farmer) farms were distinguished by more restrained dynamics of growth in the cost of 1 centner of vegetable production (248.4%). This allowed them to increase sales by 18.8% and maintain profitability at a healthy level of 30.9 pp, offering vegetable products at competitive prices. Consequently, peasant (farmer) farms have market stability, and the ability to effectively control production costs has become a key factor in their success. At the end of the article, it was determined that efforts to develop the vegetable growing industry of Kostanay region should be aimed at supporting this category of producers. Based on the study of foreign experience, the article offers practical recommendations, including cooperation, the introduction of resource-saving technologies, diversification of sales channels, the implementation of which, as the modeling proves, can increase the profitability of production to 115.6%.
Five years have passed since the approval of the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation and the action plan of the Government of the Russian Federation for the implementation of the provisions of the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation. During this time, the established level of self-sufficiency in basic food products has been achieved, with the exception of dairy products, and the per capita consumption of many of them has either exceeded the recommended standards (bread and meat products, sugar, vegetable oil and eggs) or has come significantly closer to them (potatoes and fish). Average indicators calculated on the basis of production and resource distribution balances provide only a general idea of the level and dynamics of food consumption, while according to the provisions of the Doctrine, physical and economic accessibility of food should be achieved "in all populated areas and by every citizen of the country". In this regard, the regional and socio-economic aspects of studying the food problem using data from budgetary surveys of households are of particular importance. The combined use of balance calculations and budgetary data makes it possible to conduct a complete and comprehensive study of food security. The study of the specifics of the functioning of regional agro-food markets is due, on the one hand, to the search for an answer to the question of the possibilities of reducing the cost of the food basket, including through specialization of the production of agricultural raw materials and food within the boundaries of the Central Federal District and, on the other hand, to the need to replicate the accumulated knowledge on achieving threshold values of indicators of physical and economic availability of food products.
in the face of increasing global competition and stricter environmental requirements, agricultural enterprises are forced to combine technological innovation and organizational solutions to maintain and expand their positions in global markets. The aim of the study is to formulate a substantiated set of competitiveness enhancement strategies for Russian and CIS producers with a horizon extending to 2035. The empirical base includes FAO and OECD-FAOSTAT statistics for 2005–2024, a content analysis of the strategies of 30 leading global agricultural companies, and 25 in-depth interviews with top managers of Russian holdings. The methodological tools combine VRIO assessment of internal resources, comparative analysis of productivity and carbon intensity, and scenario modeling of three trajectories (Baseline, Innovative, and Sustainable). The results show that the four identified strategies - field digitalization (Agri-Tech 4.0), vertical integration, ESG initiatives, and active trade diplomacy-form a coordinated package of measures that can both reduce costs and emissions and expand export opportunities. For the "Innovative" scenario, the increase in export potential by 2035 is estimated at 35%, while for the "Sustainable" scenario it is 28% (compared to 18% in the Baseline), while achieving a reduction in carbon intensity of 18–25%, depending on the pace of implementation. The practical significance lies in the proposed implementation roadmap with KPI monitoring for 2025–2030, suitable for integration into regional and corporate transformation programs. The scientific novelty lies in the integration of the VRIO approach with the "green" agenda and trade diplomacy in a unified model of strategic choice for the agro-industrial complex.
Specialization of an organization is essential for ensuring its economic efficiency. Global hop-growing companies are becoming more specialized every year, increasing the area under hops per farm. On average, in the USA, the concentration of hop gardens per farm is 350 hectares, in China - 78 hectares, in the Czech Republic - 42 hectares, in Germany - 20 hectares, etc. At the same time, the number of farms engaged in hop growing is decreasing. In Russia, operating hop gardens are mainly located in agricultural organizations; in 2024, they accounted for about 98% of all areas under the crop. According to the results of our study, modern hop-growing farms in Russia can currently be combined into two large groups: the first is narrow-profile enterprises that fully specialize in hop production. Examples of such farms are newly created hop-growing farms in the Chuvash Republic and Krasnodar Krai. Most often, such organizations are formed by larger parent companies that are competent in matters of the hop market, financially stable and actually or potentially have the ability to launch a full cycle of production, processing and storage of hops and hop products. The second group is traditional hop-growing farms that combine the cultivation of mass crops and hops with the maintenance of dairy cattle. Thanks to these farms, it was possible to preserve hop production in the Chuvash Republic. According to our estimates, the drivers of industry growth will be highly specialized enterprises that can potentially quickly increase the area under hops, and traditional hop-growing farms will contribute to the stable development of the industry.